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Pigani E, Mele BH, Campese L, Ser-Giacomi E, Ribera M, Iudicone D, Suweis S. Deviation from neutral species abundance distributions unveils geographical differences in the structure of diatom communities. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadh0477. [PMID: 38457496 PMCID: PMC10923497 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of metagenomics techniques has advanced our understanding of plankton communities and their global distribution. Despite this progress, the relationship between the abundance distribution of diatom species and varying marine environmental conditions remains poorly understood. This study, leveraging data from the Tara Oceans expedition, tests the hypothesis that diatoms in sampled stations display a consistent species abundance distribution structure, as though they were sampled from a single ocean-wide metacommunity. Using a neutral sampling theory, we thus develop a framework to estimate the structure and diversity of diatom communities at each sampling station given the shape of the species abundance distribution of the metacommunity and the information of a reference station. Our analysis reveals a substantial temperature gradient in the discrepancies between predicted and observed biodiversity across the sampled stations. These findings challenge the hypothesis of a single neutral metacommunity, indicating that environmental differences substantially influence both the composition and structure of diatom communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Pigani
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80135 Napoli, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Enrico Ser-Giacomi
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | - Samir Suweis
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Galileo Galilei”, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, Sezione di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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2
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Behrenfeld MJ, Bisson KM. Neutral Theory and Plankton Biodiversity. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2024; 16:283-305. [PMID: 37368954 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-112122-105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The biodiversity of the plankton has been interpreted largely through the monocle of competition. The spatial distancing of phytoplankton in nature is so large that cell boundary layers rarely overlap, undermining opportunities for resource-based competitive exclusion. Neutral theory accounts for biodiversity patterns based purely on random birth, death, immigration, and speciation events and has commonly served as a null hypothesis in terrestrial ecology but has received comparatively little attention in aquatic ecology. This review summarizes basic elements of neutral theory and explores its stand-alone utility for understanding phytoplankton diversity. A theoretical framework is described entailing a very nonneutral trophic exclusion principle melded with the concept of ecologically defined neutral niches. This perspective permits all phytoplankton size classes to coexist at any limiting resource level, predicts greater diversity than anticipated from readily identifiable environmental niches but less diversity than expected from pure neutral theory, and functions effectively in populations of distantly spaced individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Behrenfeld
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA; ,
| | - Kelsey M Bisson
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA; ,
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3
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Ser-Giacomi E, Martinez-Garcia R, Dutkiewicz S, Follows MJ. A Lagrangian model for drifting ecosystems reveals heterogeneity-driven enhancement of marine plankton blooms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6092. [PMID: 37773229 PMCID: PMC10541867 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine plankton play a crucial role in carbon storage, global climate, and ecosystem function. Planktonic ecosystems are embedded in patches of water that are continuously moving, stretching, and diluting. These processes drive inhomegeneities on a range of scales, with implications for the integrated ecosystem properties, but are hard to characterize. We present a theoretical framework that accounts for all these aspects; tracking the water patch hosting a drifting ecosystem along with its physical, environmental, and biochemical features. The theory resolves patch dilution and internal physical mixing as a function of oceanic strain and diffusion. Ecological dynamics are parameterized by an idealized nutrient and phytoplankton population and we specifically capture the time evolution of the biochemical spatial variances to represent within-patch heterogeneity. We find that, depending only on the physical processes to which the water patch is subjected, the plankton biomass response to a resource perturbation can vary in size up to six times. This work indicates that we must account for these processes when interpreting and modeling marine ecosystems and provides a framework with which to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ser-Giacomi
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 54-1514 MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Institute for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ricardo Martinez-Garcia
- ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research & Institute of Theoretical Physics, Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP, Rua Dr.Bento Teobaldo Ferraz 271, Bloco 2 - Barra Funda, 01140-070, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS); Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Görlitz, Germany
| | - Stephanie Dutkiewicz
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 54-1514 MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael J Follows
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 54-1514 MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Zhang S, Pang Y, Xu H, Wei J, Jiang S, Pei H. Shift of phytoplankton assemblages in a temperate lake located on the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115805. [PMID: 37004852 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There remains no consensus on the effects of changes in the environment factors under the action of water diversions on phytoplankton communities. Herein the changing rules applying to phytoplankton communities subject to water diversion were unveiled based on long-term (2011-2021) time-series observations on Luoma Lake, located on the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. We found that nitrogen decreased and then increased, while phosphorus increased after operation of the water transfer project. Algal density and diversity were not affected by water diversion, while the duration of high algal density was shorter after water diversion. Phytoplankton composition had dramatic differences before and after water transfer. The phytoplankton communities exhibited greater fragility when they first experienced a human-mediated disturbance, and then they gradually adapted to more interferences and acquired stronger stability. We furthermore found the niche of Cyanobacteria narrowed while that of Euglenozoa widened under the pressure of water diversion. In addition to WT and DO, the main environmental factor before water diversion was NH4-N, whereas the effect of NO3-N and TN on phytoplankton communities increased after water diversion. These findings fill the knowledge gap as to the consequence of water diversion on water environments and phytoplankton communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yiming Pang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Hangzhou Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China
| | - Jielin Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Haiyan Pei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Center on Environmental Science and Technology, Jinan, 250061, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 202162, China.
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Martín PV, Koldaeva A, Pigolotti S. Coalescent dynamics of planktonic communities. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:044408. [PMID: 36397572 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.044408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Planktonic communities are extremely diverse and include a vast number of rare species. The dynamics of these rare species is best described by individual-based models. However, individual-based approaches to planktonic diversity face substantial difficulties, due to the large number of individuals required to make realistic predictions. In this paper, we study the diversity of planktonic communities by means of a spatial coalescence model that incorporates transport by oceanic currents. As a main advantage, our approach requires simulating a number of individuals equal to the size of the sample one is interested in, rather than the size of the entire community. By theoretical analysis and simulations, we explore the conditions upon which our coalescence model is equivalent to individual-based dynamics. As an application, we use our model to predict the impact of chaotic advection by oceanic currents on biodiversity. We conclude that the coalescent approach permits one to simulate marine microbial communities much more efficiently than with individual-based models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Villa Martín
- Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Anzhelika Koldaeva
- Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Simone Pigolotti
- Biological Complexity Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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Zhao R, Zhao F, Zheng S, Li X, Wang J, Xu K. Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi May Hold Clues of Seamount Impact on Diversity and Connectivity of Deep-Sea Pelagic Communities. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:773487. [PMID: 35464911 PMCID: PMC9024416 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.773487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The topography and hydrography around seamounts have a strong influence on plankton biogeography. The intrinsic properties of various biological taxa inherently also shape their distribution. Therefore, it is hypothesized that different pelagic groups respond differently to effects of seamounts regarding their distribution and connectivity patterns. Herein, bacterial, protist, and fungal diversity was investigated across the water column around the Kocebu Guyot in the western Pacific Ocean. A higher connectivity was detected for bacteria than for protists and an extremely low connectivity for fungi, which might be attributed to parasitic and commensal interactions of many fungal taxa. The seamount enhanced the vertical connectivity of bacterial and protist communities, but significantly reduced protist connectivity along horizontal dimension. Such effects provide ecological opportunities for eukaryotic adaption and diversification. All the bacterial, protist, and fungal communities were more strongly affected by deterministic than stochastic processes. Drift appeared to have a more significant role in influencing the fungal community than other groups. Our study indicates the impact of seamounts on the pelagic community distribution and connectivity and highlights the mechanism of horizontally restricted dispersal combined with vertical mixing, which promotes the diversification of eukaryotic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongjie Zhao
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Shan Zheng
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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7
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Griswold CK. A dynamic ancestral graph model and GPU-based simulation of a community based on metagenomic sampling. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2429-2442. [PMID: 35348284 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present an ancestral graph model of the evolution of a guild in an ecological community. The model is based on a metagenomic sampling design in that a random sample is taken at the community, as opposed the taxon, level and species are discovered by genetic sequencing. The specific implementation of the model envisions an ecological guild that was founded by colonization at some point in the past that then potentially undergoes diversification by natural selection. Within the graph, species emerge and evolve through the diversification process and their densities in the graph are dynamic and governed by both ecological drift and random genetic drift, as well as differential viability. We employ the 3% sequence divergence rule at a marker locus to identify Operational Taxonomic Units. We then explore approaches to see if there are indirect signals of the diversification process, including population genetic and ecological approaches. In terms of population genetics, we study the joint site frequency spectrum of OTUs, as well its associated statistics. In terms of ecology, we study the species (or OTU) abundance distribution. For both we observe deviations from neutrality, which indicates that there may be signals of diversifying selection in metagenomic studies under certain conditions. The model is available as a GPU-based computer program in C/C++ and using OpenCL, with the long-term goal of adding functionality iterativelyto model large-scale eco-evolutionary processes for metagenomic data.
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Gupta D, Garlaschi S, Suweis S, Azaele S, Maritan A. Effective Resource Competition Model for Species Coexistence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:208101. [PMID: 34860037 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.208101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Local coexistence of species in large ecosystems is traditionally explained within the broad framework of niche theory. However, its rationale hardly justifies rich biodiversity observed in nearly homogeneous environments. Here we consider a consumer-resource model in which a coarse-graining procedure accounts for a variety of ecological mechanisms and leads to effective spatial effects which favor species coexistence. Herein, we provide conditions for several species to live in an environment with very few resources. In fact, the model displays two different phases depending on whether the number of surviving species is larger or smaller than the number of resources. We obtain conditions whereby a species can successfully colonize a pool of coexisting species. Finally, we analytically compute the distribution of the population sizes of coexisting species. Numerical simulations as well as empirical distributions of population sizes support our analytical findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A1S6, Canada
| | - Stefano Garlaschi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Samir Suweis
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sandro Azaele
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Amos Maritan
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia Galileo Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Zou K, Wang R, Xu S, Li Z, Liu L, Li M, Zhou L. Changes in protist communities in drainages across the Pearl River Delta under anthropogenic influence. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117294. [PMID: 34102388 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Drainages in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (PRDUA) host vital aquatic ecosystems and face enormous pressures from human activities in one of the largest urban agglomerations in the world. Despite being crucial components of aquatic ecosystems, the interactions and assembly processes of the protistan community are rarely explored in areas with serious anthropogenic disturbance. To elucidate the mechanisms of these processes, we used environmental DNA sequencing of 18S rDNA to investigate the influence of environmental factors and species interactions on the protistan community and its assembly in drainages of the PRDUA during summer. The protistan community showed a high level of diversity and a marked spatial pattern in this region. Community assembly was driven primarily by stochastic processes based on the Sloan neutral community model, explaining 74.28%, 75.82%, 73.67%, 74.40% and 51.24% of community variations in the BJ (Beijiang), XJ (Xijiang), PRD (Pearl River Delta), PRE (Pearl River Estuary) areas and in total, respectively. Meanwhile, environmental variables including temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, transparency, nutrients and land use were strongly correlated with the composition and assembly of the protistan community, explaining 40.40% of variation in the protistan community. Furthermore, the bacterial community was simultaneously analysed by the 16S rDNA sequencing. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that species interactions within bacteria (81.41% positive) or protists (82.80% positive), and those between bacteria and protists (50% positive and 50% negative) impacted the protistan community assembly. In summary, stochastic processes dominated, whereas species interactions and environmental factors also played important roles in shaping the protistan communities in drainages across the PRDUA. This study provides insights into the ecological patterns, assembly processes and species interactions underlying protistan dynamics in urban aquatic ecosystems experiencing serious anthropogenic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshu Zou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruili Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Shannan Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuoying Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 510300 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, 510642 Guangzhou, China.
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Ramond P, Siano R, Schmitt S, de Vargas C, Marié L, Memery L, Sourisseau M. Phytoplankton taxonomic and functional diversity patterns across a coastal tidal front. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2682. [PMID: 33514820 PMCID: PMC7846791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Oceanic physics at fine scale; e.g. eddies, fronts, filaments; are notoriously difficult to sample. However, an increasing number of theoretical approaches hypothesize that these processes affect phytoplankton diversity which have cascading effects on regional ecosystems. In 2015, we targeted the Iroise Sea (France) and evidenced the setting up of the Ushant tidal front from the beginning of spring to late summer. Seawater samples were taken during three sampling cruises and DNA-barcoding allowed us to investigate patterns of eukaryotic phytoplankton diversity across this front. First focusing on patterns of taxonomic richness, we evidenced that the front harbored a hotspot of eukaryotic phytoplankton diversity sustained throughout summer. We then detail the ecological processes leading to the formation of this hotspot by studying shifts in community composition across the Iroise Sea. Physical mixing mingled the communities surrounding the front, allowing the formation of a local ecotone, but it was cycles of disturbances and nutrient inputs over the front that allowed a decrease in competitive exclusion, which maintained a higher diversity of rare phytoplankton taxa. These processes did not select a specific ecological strategy as inferred by a trait approach coupled to our taxonomic approach. Instead the front favored higher richness within widespread strategies, resulting in functional redundancy. We detail how fine-scale ocean physics affect phytoplankton diversity and suppose that this interplay is a major control on regional ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Ramond
- grid.464101.60000 0001 2203 0006Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR7144-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff, France ,Ifremer-Centre de Brest, DYNECO/Pelagos, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France ,grid.10914.3d0000 0001 2227 4609Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry, NIOZ-Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and Utrecht University, Den Burg, The Netherlands
| | - Raffaele Siano
- Ifremer-Centre de Brest, DYNECO/Pelagos, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Sophie Schmitt
- Ifremer-Centre de Brest, DYNECO/Pelagos, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Colomban de Vargas
- grid.464101.60000 0001 2203 0006Sorbonne Université, CNRS-UMR7144-Station Biologique de Roscoff, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff, France ,Research Federation for the Study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/GOSEE, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75016 Paris, France
| | - Louis Marié
- grid.503286.aLaboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), UMR 6523 Univ. Brest, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Plouzané, France
| | - Laurent Memery
- grid.463763.30000 0004 0638 0577Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement MARin (LEMAR), UMR 6539 Univ. Brest, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Plouzané, France
| | - Marc Sourisseau
- Ifremer-Centre de Brest, DYNECO/Pelagos, Technopôle Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
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