1
|
Dyhrman ST. Putting together the polyphosphate puzzle for microalgae. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2024; 60:621-623. [PMID: 38858859 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya T Dyhrman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan A, Mallick M, Ladke JS, Bhandari R. The ring rules the chain - inositol pyrophosphates and the regulation of inorganic polyphosphate. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:567-580. [PMID: 38629621 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of phosphate homeostasis serves as a foundation for energy metabolism and signal transduction processes in all living organisms. Inositol pyrophosphates (PP-InsPs), composed of an inositol ring decorated with monophosphate and diphosphate moieties, and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), chains of orthophosphate residues linked by phosphoanhydride bonds, are energy-rich biomolecules that play critical roles in phosphate homeostasis. There is a complex interplay between these two phosphate-rich molecules, and they share an interdependent relationship with cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi). In eukaryotes, the enzymes involved in PP-InsP synthesis show some degree of conservation across species, whereas distinct enzymology exists for polyP synthesis among different organisms. In fact, the mechanism of polyP synthesis in metazoans, including mammals, is still unclear. Early studies on PP-InsP and polyP synthesis were conducted in the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, but it is in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that a clear understanding of the interplay between polyP, PP-InsPs, and Pi homeostasis has now been established. Recent research has shed more light on the influence of PP-InsPs on polyP in mammals, and the regulation of both these molecules by cellular ATP and Pi levels. In this review we will discuss the cross-talk between PP-InsPs, polyP, ATP, and Pi in the context of budding yeast, slime mould, and mammals. We will also highlight the similarities and differences in the relationship between these phosphate-rich biomolecules among this group of organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Khan
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Manisha Mallick
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
- Graduate Studies, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Jayashree S Ladke
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
- Graduate Studies, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Rashna Bhandari
- Laboratory of Cell Signalling, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Magkiriadou S, Stepp WL, Newman DK, Manley S, Racki LR. Polyphosphate affects cytoplasmic and chromosomal dynamics in nitrogen-starved Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313004121. [PMID: 38564631 PMCID: PMC11009631 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313004121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphosphate (polyP) synthesis is a ubiquitous stress and starvation response in bacteria. In diverse species, mutants unable to make polyP have a wide variety of physiological defects, but the mechanisms by which this simple polyanion exerts its effects remain unclear. One possibility is that polyP's many functions stem from global effects on the biophysical properties of the cell. We characterize the effect of polyphosphate on cytoplasmic mobility under nitrogen-starvation conditions in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using fluorescence microscopy and particle tracking, we quantify the motion of chromosomal loci and cytoplasmic tracer particles. In the absence of polyP and upon starvation, we observe a 2- to 10-fold increase in mean cytoplasmic diffusivity. Tracer particles reveal that polyP also modulates the partitioning between a "more mobile" and a "less mobile" population: Small particles in cells unable to make polyP are more likely to be "mobile" and explore more of the cytoplasm, particularly during starvation. Concomitant with this larger freedom of motion in polyP-deficient cells, we observe decompaction of the nucleoid and an increase in the steady-state concentration of ATP. The dramatic polyP-dependent effects we observe on cytoplasmic transport properties occur under nitrogen starvation, but not carbon starvation, suggesting that polyP may have distinct functions under different types of starvation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Magkiriadou
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Willi L. Stepp
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Dianne K. Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA91125
| | - Suliana Manley
- Laboratory of Experimental Biophysics, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, LausanneCH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Lisa R. Racki
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, CA92037
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sebesta J, Cantrell M, Schaedig E, Hou HJM, Pastore C, Chou KJ, Xiong W, Guarnieri MT, Yu J. Polyphosphate kinase deletion increases laboratory productivity in cyanobacteria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1342496. [PMID: 38384756 PMCID: PMC10879606 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1342496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Identification and manipulation of cellular energy regulation mechanisms may be a strategy to increase productivity in photosynthetic organisms. This work tests the hypothesis that polyphosphate synthesis and degradation play a role in energy management by storing or dissipating energy in the form of ATP. A polyphosphate kinase (ppk) knock-out strain unable to synthesize polyphosphate was generated in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. This mutant strain demonstrated higher ATP levels and faster growth than the wildtype strain in high-carbon conditions and had a growth defect under multiple stress conditions. In a strain that combined ppk deletion with heterologous expression of ethylene-forming enzyme, higher ethylene productivity was observed than in the wildtype background. These results support the role of polyphosphate synthesis and degradation as an energy regulation mechanism and suggest that such mechanisms may be effective targets in biocontainment design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Sebesta
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Michael Cantrell
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Eric Schaedig
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Harvey J. M. Hou
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
- Laboratory of Forensic Analysis and Photosynthesis, Department of Physical Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL, United States
| | - Colleen Pastore
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Katherine J. Chou
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Wei Xiong
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Michael T. Guarnieri
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| | - Jianping Yu
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li J, Zhang K, Li L, Wang Y, Wang C, Lin S. Two-sided effects of the organic phosphorus phytate on a globally important marine coccolithophorid phytoplankton. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0125523. [PMID: 37702480 PMCID: PMC10655706 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01255-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) is a potential source of aquatic eutrophication and pollution because it can potentially stimulate growth in some species and inhibit growth in other species of algae, the foundation of the marine ecosystem. Inositol hexaphosphate (also named phytic acid or PA), an abundant organophosphate, is presumably ubiquitous in the marine environment, but how it affects marine primary producers is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the bioavailability of this DOP to the cosmopolitan coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Our results showed that E. huxleyi cells can take up PA and dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) simultaneously. Absorbed PA can efficiently support algal growth, producing cell yield between DIP and phosphorus (P)-depleted conditions. Accordingly, PA supply as the sole P source highly influences cellular metabolism and nutrient stoichiometry. Particularly, PA-grown cultures exhibited enhanced carbon fixation, increased lipid content, activated energy metabolism, and induced nitrogen assimilation. However, our data suggest that PA may also exert some levels of toxic effects on E. huxleyi. This study provides novel insights into the variable effects of a DOP on marine phytoplankton, which will inform new inquiries about how the complex DOP constituencies in the ocean will shape phytoplankton community structure and function. IMPORTANCE The dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) utilization in phytoplankton plays vital roles in cellular P homeostasis, P-nutrient niche, and the dynamics of community structure in marine ecosystems, but its mechanisms, potentially varying with species, are far from clear. In this study, we investigated the utilization of a widespread DOP species, which is commonly produced by plants (land plants and marine macrophytes) and released into coastal areas, in a globally distributed bloom-forming coccolithophore species in various phosphorus environments. Using a combination of physiological and transcriptomic measurements and analyses, our experimental results revealed the complex mechanism and two-sided effects of DOP (major algal growth-supporting and minor toxic effects) in this species, providing a novel perspective on phytoplankton nutrient regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiashun Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Kaidian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Senjie Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, and College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory of Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Slocombe SP, Zúñiga-Burgos T, Chu L, Mehrshahi P, Davey MP, Smith AG, Camargo-Valero MA, Baker A. Overexpression of PSR1 in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii induces luxury phosphorus uptake. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1208168. [PMID: 37575910 PMCID: PMC10413257 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1208168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Remediation using micro-algae offers an attractive solution to environmental phosphate (PO4 3-) pollution. However, for maximum efficiency, pre-conditioning of algae to induce 'luxury phosphorus (P) uptake' is needed. To replicate this process, we targeted the global regulator PSR1 (Myb transcription factor: Phosphate Starvation Response 1) for over-expression in algae. Manipulating a single gene (PSR1) drove uptake of both PO4 3- and a Mg2+ counter-ion leading to increased PolyP granule size, raising P levels 4-fold to 8% dry cell weight, and accelerated removal of PO4 3- from the medium. Examination of the gene expression profile showed that the P-starvation response was mimicked under P-replete conditions, switching on luxury uptake. Hyper-accumulation of P depended on a feed-forward mechanism, where a small set of 'Class I' P-transporter genes were activated despite abundant external PO4 3- levels. The transporters drove a reduction in external PO4 3- levels, permitting more genes to be expressed (Class II), leading to more P-uptake. Our data pointed toward a PSR1-independent mechanism for detection of external PO4 3- which suppressed Class II genes. This model provided a plausible mechanism for P-overplus where prior P-starvation elevates PSR1 and on P-resupply causes luxury P-uptake. This is because the Class I genes, which include P-transporter genes, are not suppressed by the excess PO4 3-. Taken together, these discoveries facilitate a bio-circular approach of recycling nutrients from wastewater back to agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P. Slocombe
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centre for Plant Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Zúñiga-Burgos
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centre for Plant Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lili Chu
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centre for Plant Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Payam Mehrshahi
- Department of Plant Sciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P. Davey
- Department of Plant Sciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alison G. Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Miller Alonso Camargo-Valero
- BioResource Systems Research Group, School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Manizales, Colombia
| | - Alison Baker
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centre for Plant Sciences and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ortiz Camargo AR, van Mastrigt O, Bongers RS, Ben-Amor K, Knol J, Abee T, Smid EJ. Quantitative Physiology and Proteome Adaptations of Bifidobacterium breve NRBB57 at Near-Zero Growth Rates. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0256822. [PMID: 37184421 PMCID: PMC10269484 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02568-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In natural environments, nutrients are usually scarce, causing microorganisms to grow slowly while staying metabolically active. These natural conditions can be simulated using retentostat cultivations. The present study describes the physiological and proteome adaptations of the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve NRBB57 from high (0.4 h-1) to near-zero growth rates. Lactose-limited retentostat cultivations were carried out for 21 days in which the bacterial growth rate progressively reduced to 0.00092 h-1, leading to a 3.4-fold reduction of the maintenance energy requirement. Lactose was mainly converted into acetate, formate, and ethanol at high growth rates, while in the retentostat, lactate production increased. Interestingly, the consumption of several amino acids (serine, aspartic acid, and glutamine/arginine) and glycerol increased over time in the retentostat. Morphological changes and viable but nonculturable cells were also observed in the retentostat. Proteomes were compared for all growth rates, revealing a downregulation of ribosomal proteins at near-zero growth rates and an upregulation of proteins involved in the catabolism of alternative energy sources. Finally, we observed induction of the stringent response and stress defense systems. Retentostat cultivations were proven useful to study the physiology of B. breve, mimicking the nutrient scarcity of its complex habitat, the human gut. IMPORTANCE In natural environments, nutrients are usually scarce, causing microorganisms to grow slowly while staying metabolically active. In this study we used retentostat cultivation to investigate how the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve adapts its physiology and proteome under severe nutrient limitation resulting in near-zero growth rates (<0.001 h-1). We showed that the nutrient limitation induced a multifaceted response including stress defense and stringent response, metabolic shifts, and the activation of novel alternative energy-producing pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar van Mastrigt
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy J. Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Helliwell KE. Emerging trends in nitrogen and phosphorus signalling in photosynthetic eukaryotes. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:344-358. [PMID: 36372648 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) are the major nutrients that constrain plant and algal growth in nature. Recent advances in understanding nutrient signalling mechanisms of these organisms have revealed molecular attributes to optimise N and P acquisition. This has illuminated the importance of interplay between N and P regulatory networks, highlighting a need to study synergistic interactions rather than single-nutrient effects. Emerging insights of nutrient signalling in polyphyletic model plants and algae hint that, although core P-starvation signalling components are conserved, distinct mechanisms for P (and N) sensing have arisen. Here, the N and P signalling mechanisms of diverse photosynthetic eukaryotes are examined, drawing parallels and differences between taxa. Future directions to understand their molecular basis, evolution, and ecology are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Helliwell
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The proteome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during phosphorus depletion and repletion. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.103037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
|
10
|
Guan Z, Chen J, Liu R, Chen Y, Xing Q, Du Z, Cheng M, Hu J, Zhang W, Mei W, Wan B, Wang Q, Zhang J, Cheng P, Cai H, Cao J, Zhang D, Yan J, Yin P, Hothorn M, Liu Z. The cytoplasmic synthesis and coupled membrane translocation of eukaryotic polyphosphate by signal-activated VTC complex. Nat Commun 2023; 14:718. [PMID: 36759618 PMCID: PMC9911596 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an ancient energy metabolite and phosphate store that occurs ubiquitously in all organisms. The vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex integrates cytosolic polyP synthesis from ATP and polyP membrane translocation into the vacuolar lumen. In yeast and in other eukaryotes, polyP synthesis is regulated by inositol pyrophosphate (PP-InsP) nutrient messengers, directly sensed by the VTC complex. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of signal-activated VTC complex at 3.0 Å resolution. Baker's yeast VTC subunits Vtc1, Vtc3, and Vtc4 assemble into a 3:1:1 complex. Fifteen trans-membrane helices form a novel membrane channel enabling the transport of newly synthesized polyP into the vacuolar lumen. PP-InsP binding orients the catalytic polymerase domain at the entrance of the trans-membrane channel, both activating the enzyme and coupling polyP synthesis and membrane translocation. Together with biochemical and cellular studies, our work provides mechanistic insights into the biogenesis of an ancient energy metabolite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Juan Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruiwen Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yanke Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Qiong Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Zhangmeng Du
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianjian Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wencong Mei
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Beijing Wan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanyu Cai
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- Public Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Delin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ping Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Michael Hothorn
- Structural Plant Biology Laboratory, Department of Plant Scienes, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Zhu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Li J, Zhang K, Li L, Wang Y, Lin S. Unsuspected functions of alkaline phosphatase PhoD in the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
12
|
Lee Y, Park R, Miller SM, Li Y. Genetic compensation of triacylglycerol biosynthesis in the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:1069-1080. [PMID: 35727866 PMCID: PMC9545326 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic compensation has been proposed to explain phenotypic differences between gene knockouts and knockdowns in several metazoan and plant model systems. With the rapid development of reverse genetic tools such as CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi in microalgae, it is increasingly important to assess whether genetic compensation affects the phenotype of engineered algal mutants. While exploring triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis pathways in the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, it was discovered that knockout of certain genes catalyzing rate-limiting steps of TAG biosynthesis, type-2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase genes (DGTTs), triggered genetic compensation under abiotic stress conditions. Genetic compensation of a DGTT1 null mutation by a related PDAT gene was observed regardless of the strain background or mutagenesis approach, for example, CRISPR/Cas 9 or insertional mutagenesis. However, no compensation was found in the PDAT knockout mutant. The effect of PDAT knockout was evaluated in a Δvtc1 mutant, in which PDAT was upregulated under stress, resulting in a 90% increase in TAG content. Knockout of PDAT in the Δvtc1 background induced a 12.8-fold upregulation of DGTT1 and a 272.3% increase in TAG content in Δvtc1/pdat1 cells, while remaining viable. These data suggest that genetic compensation contributes to the genetic robustness of microalgal TAG biosynthetic pathways, maintaining lipid and redox homeostasis in the knockout mutants under abiotic stress. This work demonstrates examples of genetic compensation in microalgae, implies the physiological relevance of genetic compensation in TAG biosynthesis under stress, and provides guidance for future genetic engineering and mutant characterization efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Ying Lee
- Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceBaltimoreMD21202USA
| | - Rudolph Park
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21250USA
| | - Stephen M. Miller
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21250USA
| | - Yantao Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceBaltimoreMD21202USA
- Department of Marine BiotechnologyUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMD21202USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Polyphosphate Kinase Is Required for the Processes of Virulence and Persistence in Acinetobacter baumannii. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0123022. [PMID: 35867473 PMCID: PMC9430702 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01230-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii, one of the most successful bacteria causing severe nosocomial infection, was identified as a top-priority pathogen by the WHO. Thus, genetic manipulations to clarify the potential targets for fighting A. baumannii resistance and virulence are vital. Polyphosphate (polyP) kinase (PPK) is conserved in nearly all bacteria and is responsible for polyP formation, which is associated with bacterial pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. In this study, ppk1-deficient (Δppk1::Apr), ppk1-complemented (Δppk1::Apr/PJL02-ppk1), and wild-type strains of A. baumannii ATCC 17978 were used to determine the influence of PPK1 on A. baumannii virulence and persistence mainly by polyP quantification, surface motility, biofilm formation, and bacterial persistence assays. Our work found that PPK1 is indispensable for polyP formation in vivo and that the motility of the PPK1-deficient strain was significantly impaired due to the lack of a pilus-like structure typically present compared with the complemented and wild-type strains. The deficiency of PPK1 also inhibited the biofilm formation of A. baumannii and decreased bacterial persistence under stimuli of high-concentration ampicillin (Amp) treatment, H2O2 stress, heat shock, and starvation stress. Furthermore, ppk1-deficient bacterium-infected mice showed a significantly reduced bacterial load and a decreased inflammatory response. However, complementation with PPK1 effectively rescued the impaired virulence and persistence of ppk1-deficient A. baumannii. In addition, metabonomic analysis revealed that PPK1 was associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. Taken together, our results suggest that targeting PPK1 to control A. baumannii pathogenicity and persistence is a feasible strategy to fight this pathogen. IMPORTANCEA. baumannii was identified as a top-priority pathogen by the WHO due to its antibiotic resistance. Meanwhile, the pathogenicity of A. baumannii mediated by several vital virulence factors also cannot be ignored. Here, the role of PPK1 in A. baumannii was also explored. We found that the motility ability and biofilm formation of a PPK1-deficient strain were significantly impaired. Furthermore, PPK1 was essential for its persistence maintenance to resist stimuli of high-concentration Amp treatment, H2O2 stress, heat shock, and starvation stress. Metabonomic analysis revealed that PPK1 was associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis. In addition, ppk1-deficient bacterium-infected mice showed significantly reduced bacterial loads and a decreased inflammatory responses in vivo. Together, our results suggest that PPK1 is vital for A. baumannii pathogenicity and persistence.
Collapse
|
14
|
Plouviez M, Oliveira da Rocha C, Guieysse B. Intracellular polyphosphate is a P reserve in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
15
|
Phytate as a phosphorus nutrient with impacts on iron stress-related gene expression for phytoplankton: insights from diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0209721. [PMID: 34757820 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02097-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton have evolved a capability to acquire phosphorus (P) from dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP) since the preferred form, dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP, or Pi), is often limited in parts of the ocean. Phytic acid (PA) is abundantly synthesized in plants and rich in excreta of animals, potentially enriching the DOP pool in coastal oceans. However, whether and how PA may be used by phytoplankton are poorly understood. Here, we investigated PA utilization and underlying metabolic pathways in the diatom model Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The physiological results showed that P. tricornutum could utilize PA as a sole source of P nutrient to support growth. Meanwhile, the replacement of PA for DIP also caused changes in multiple cellular processes such as inositol phosphate metabolism, photosynthesis, and signal transduction. These results suggest that PA is bioavailable to P. tricornutum and can directly participate the metabolic pathways of PA-grown cells. However, our data showed that the utilization of PA was markedly less efficient than that of DIP, and PA-grown cells exhibited P and iron (Fe) nutrient stress signals. Implicated in these findings is the potential of complicated responses of phytoplankton to an ambient DOP species, which calls for more systematic investigation. IMPORTANCE PA is abundant in plants, and cannot be digested by non-ruminant animals. Hence, it is potentially a significant component of the DOP pool in the coastal waters. Despite the potential importance, there is little information about its bioavailability to phytoplankton as a source of P nutrient and if so what molecular mechanisms are involved. In this study, we found that part of PA could be utilized by the diatom P. tricornutum to support growth, and another portion of PA can act as a substrate directly participating in various metabolism pathways and cellular processes. However, our physiological and transcriptomic data show that PA-grown cells still exhibited signs of P stress and potential Fe stress. These results have significant implications in phytoplankton P nutrient ecology and provide a novel insight into multi-faceted impacts of DOP utilization on phytoplankton nutrition and metabolism.
Collapse
|
16
|
Jia X, Wang L, Zeng H, Yi K. Insights of intracellular/intercellular phosphate transport and signaling in unicellular green algae and multicellular land plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1566-1571. [PMID: 34482553 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for plant growth and development. Vacuoles play a fundamental role in the storage and remobilization of P in plants, while our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of creating and reusing P stores are limited. Besides, we also know very little about the coordination of intercellular P translocation, neither the inorganic phosphate (Pi) signaling nor the Pi transport patterns. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding the core elements involved in cellular and/or subcellular P homeostasis and signaling in unicellular green algae and multicellular land plants. We also propose further work that might help to uncover the high-resolution intracellular and intercellular landscape of Pi distribution and signaling in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianqing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Houqing Zeng
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Keke Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Plouviez M, Fernández E, Grossman AR, Sanz-Luque E, Sells M, Wheeler D, Guieysse B. Responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during the transition from P-deficient to P-sufficient growth (the P-overplus response): The roles of the vacuolar transport chaperones and polyphosphate synthesis. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:988-1003. [PMID: 33778959 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) assimilation and polyphosphate (polyP) synthesis were investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by supplying phosphate (PO43- ; 10 mg P·L-1 ) to P-depleted cultures of wildtypes, mutants with defects in genes involved in the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex, and VTC-complemented strains. Wildtype C. reinhardtii assimilated PO43- and stored polyP within minutes of adding PO43- to cultures that were P-deprived, demonstrating that these cells were metabolically primed to assimilate and store PO43- . In contrast, vtc1 and vtc4 mutant lines assayed under the same conditions never accumulated polyP, and PO43- assimilation was considerably decreased in comparison with the wildtypes. In addition, to confirm the bioinformatics inferences and previous experimental work that the VTC complex of C. reinhardtii has a polyP polymerase function, these results evidence the influence of polyP synthesis on PO43- assimilation in C. reinhardtii. RNA-sequencing was carried out on C. reinhardtii cells that were either P-depleted (control) or supplied with PO43- following P depletion (treatment) in order to identify changes in the levels of mRNAs correlated with the P status of the cells. This analysis showed that the levels of VTC1 and VTC4 transcripts were strongly reduced at 5 and 24 h after the addition of PO43- to the cells, although polyP granules were continuously synthesized during this 24 h period. These results suggest that the VTC complex remains active for at least 24 h after supplying the cells with PO43- . Further bioassays and sequence analyses suggest that inositol phosphates may control polyP synthesis via binding to the VTC SPX domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Plouviez
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Emilio Fernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
| | - Arthur Robert Grossman
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Emanuel Sanz-Luque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, 14071, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Matthew Sells
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Wheeler
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, 161 Kite St, Orange, New South Wales, 2800, Australia
| | - Benoit Guieysse
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|