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Ke Q, Xiong F, Fang G, Chen J, Niu X, Pan P, Cui G, Xing H, Lu H. The Reinforced Separation of Intractable Gas Mixtures by Using Porous Adsorbents. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2408416. [PMID: 39161083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202408416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on the mechanism and driving force in the intractable gas separation using porous adsorbents. A variety of intractable mixtures have been discussed, including air separation, carbon capture, and hydrocarbon purification. Moreover, the separation systems are categorized according to distinctly biased modes depending on the minor differences in the kinetic diameter, dipole/quadruple moment, and polarizability of the adsorbates, or sorted by the varied separation occasions (e.g., CO2 capture from flue gas or air) and driving forces (thermodynamic and kinetic separation, molecular sieving). Each section highlights the functionalization strategies for porous materials, like synthesis condition optimization and organic group modifications for porous carbon materials, cation exchange and heteroatom doping for zeolites, and metal node-organic ligand adjustments for MOFs. These functionalization strategies are subsequently associated with enhanced adsorption performances (capacity, selectivity, structural/thermal stability, moisture resistance, etc.) toward the analog gas mixtures. Finally, this review also discusses future challenges and prospects for using porous materials in intractable gas separation. Therein, the combination of theoretical calculation with the synthesis condition and adsorption parameters optimization of porous adsorbents may have great potential, given its fast targeting of candidate adsorbents and deeper insights into the adsorption forces in the confined pores and cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanli Ke
- Institute of Catalytic Reaction Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Institute of Catalytic Reaction Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Guonan Fang
- Institute of Catalytic Reaction Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Catalytic Reaction Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopo Niu
- Institute of Catalytic Reaction Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Pan
- Institute of Catalytic Reaction Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Guokai Cui
- Institute of Catalytic Reaction Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Huabin Xing
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hanfeng Lu
- Institute of Catalytic Reaction Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
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Xiong J, Mao S, Luo Q, Ning H, Lu B, Liu Y, Wang Y. Mediating trade-off between activity and selectivity in alkynes semi-hydrogenation via a hydrophilic polar layer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1228. [PMID: 38336938 PMCID: PMC10858237 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As a crucial industrial process for the production of bulk and fine chemicals, semi-hydrogenation of alkynes faces the trade-off between activity and selectivity due to undesirable over-hydrogenation. By breaking the energy linear scaling relationships, we report an efficient additive-free WO3-based single-atom Pd catalytic system with a vertical size effect of hydrogen spillover. Hydrogen spillover induced hydrophilic polar layer (HPL) with limited thickness on WO3-based support exhibits unconventional size effect to Pd site, in which over-hydrogenation is greatly suppressed on Pd1 site due to the polar repulsive interaction between HPL and nonpolar C=C bonds, whereas this is invalid for Pd nanoparticles with higher altitudes. By further enhancing the HPL through Mo doping, activated Pd1/MoWO3 achieves recorded performance of 98.4% selectivity and 10200 h-1 activity for semi-hydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, 26-fold increase in activity of Lindlar catalyst. This observed vertical size effect of hydrogen spillover offers broad potential in catalytic performance regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Xiong
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Shanjun Mao
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Luo
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Honghui Ning
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Bing Lu
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yanling Liu
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China.
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3
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Paul R, Das R, Das N, Chakraborty S, Pao CW, Thang Trinh Q, Kalhara Gunasooriya GTK, Mondal J, Peter SC. Tweaking Photo CO 2 Reduction by Altering Lewis Acidic Sites in Metalated-Porous Organic Polymer for Adjustable H 2 /CO Ratio in Syngas Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311304. [PMID: 37872849 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have specifically designed two metalated porous organic polymers (Zn-POP and Co-POP) for syngas (CO+H2 ) production from gaseous CO2 . The variable H2 /CO ratio of syngas with the highest efficiency was produced in water medium (without an organic hole scavenger and photosensitizer) by utilizing the basic principle of Lewis acid/base chemistry. Also, we observed the formation of entirely different major products during photocatalytic CO2 reduction and water splitting with the help of the two catalysts, where CO (145.65 μmol g-1 h-1 ) and H2 (434.7 μmol g-1 h-1 ) production were preferentially obtained over Co-POP & Zn-POP, respectively. The higher electron density/better Lewis basic nature of Co-POP was investigated further using XPS, XANES, and NH3 -TPD studies, which considerably improve CO2 activation capacity. Moreover, the structure-activity relationship was confirmed via in situ DRIFTS and DFT studies, which demonstrated the formation of COOH* intermediate along with the thermodynamic feasibility of CO2 reduction over Co-POP while water splitting occurred preferentially over Zn-POP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Paul
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Risov Das
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
| | - Nitumani Das
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Subhajit Chakraborty
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
| | - Chih-Wen Pao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Centre, 101 Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Quang Thang Trinh
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, 4111, Australia
| | | | - John Mondal
- Department of Catalysis & Fine Chemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sebastian C Peter
- New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre forAdvanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
- School of Advanced Materials, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore-560064, India
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4
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Xue F, Li Q, Lv M, Song Y, Yang T, Wang X, Li T, Ren Y, Ohara K, He Y, Li D, Li Q, Chen X, Lin K, Xing X. Atomic Three-Dimensional Investigations of Pd Nanocatalysts for Acetylene Semi-hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 38015199 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the three-dimensional (3D) insight into nanocatalyst surfaces at the atomic level is crucial to understanding catalytic reaction mechanisms and developing high-performance catalysts. Nevertheless, better understanding the inherent insufficiency of a long-range ordered lattice in nanocatalysts is a big challenge. In this work, we report the local structure of Pd nanocatalysts, which is beneficial for demonstrating the shape-structure-adsorption relationship in acetylene hydrogenation. The 5.27 nm spherical Pd catalyst (Pdsph) shows an ethylene selectivity of 88% at complete acetylene conversion, which is much higher than those of the Pd octahedron and Pd cube and superior to other reported monometallic Pd nanocatalysts so far. By virtue of the local structure revelation combined with the atomic pair distribution function (PDF) and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation, the atomic surface distribution of the unique compressed strain of Pd-Pd pairs in Pdsph was revealed. Density functional theory calculations verified the obvious weakening of the ethylene adsorption energy on account of the surface strain of Pdsph. It is the main factor to avoid the over-hydrogenation of acetylene. The present work, entailing shape-induced surface strain manipulation and atomic 3D insight, opens a new path to understand and optimize chemical activity and selectivity in the heterogeneous catalysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xue
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mingxin Lv
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuanfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tianxing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaoge Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Koji Ohara
- Faculty of Materials for Energy, Shimane University, 1060, Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Diffraction and Scattering Division, Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yufei He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dianqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Engineering Center for Hierarchical Catalysts Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qiheng Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Kun Lin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xianran Xing
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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5
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Yan YQ, Wei Z, Wang Z, Li Y, Wang WH, Jiang B, Su BL. H 2 -free Semi-hydrogenation of Butadiene by the Atomic Sieving Effect of Pd Membrane with Tree-like Pd Dendrites Array. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309013. [PMID: 37534866 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
H2 -free semi-hydrogenation at room temperature shows great advantage for replacing the thermocatalytic process in industry owing to the high energy and resource saving, however, remains great challenges. Herein, a tree-like Pd dendrites array decorated Pd membrane was constructed as the core device in an electrochemistry assisted gas-fed membrane reactor for butadiene semi-hydrogenation. It reveals that hydrogen atomic sieving effect of this Pd-based membrane under electrochemical condition was the key for semi-hydrogenation. The configuration study of Pd nanostructured membrane demonstrates that the penetration of hydrogen atoms through Pd membrane from electrochemical side to chemical side is affected by the consumption of hydrogen atom in semi-hydrogenation step. Such atomic sieving property of nanostructured Pd membrane with 5.1 times increase in catalytic active surface area brings above 14 times higher in butadiene conversion than that of bare Pd foil, with ≈90 % of butenes selectivity at butadiene conversion ≈98 % over 300 h of H2 -free reaction under 15 mA cm-2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qing Yan
- Laboratory of Living Materials, the, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Laboratory of Living Materials, the, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Laboratory of Living Materials, the, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Yao Li
- Laboratory of Living Materials, the, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Wei-Hao Wang
- Laboratory of Living Materials, the, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Laboratory of Living Materials, the, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Bao-Lian Su
- Laboratory of Living Materials, the, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI), University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000, Namur, Belgium
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6
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Qiu M, Cao P, Cao L, Tan Z, Hou C, Wang L, Wang J. Parameter Determination of the 2S2P1D Model and Havriliak-Negami Model Based on the Genetic Algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt Optimization Algorithm. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2540. [PMID: 37299338 PMCID: PMC10255835 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study utilizes the genetic algorithm (GA) and Levenberg-Marquardt (L-M) algorithm to optimize the parameter acquisition process for two commonly used viscoelastic models: 2S2P1D and Havriliak-Negami (H-N). The effects of the various combinations of the optimization algorithms on the accuracy of the parameter acquisition in these two constitutive equations are investigated. Furthermore, the applicability of the GA among different viscoelastic constitutive models is analyzed and summarized. The results indicate that the GA can ensure a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between the fitting result and the experimental data of the 2S2P1D model parameters, and it is further proved that the fitting accuracy can be achieved through the secondary optimization via the L-M algorithm. Since the H-N model involves fractional power functions, high-precision fitting by directly fitting the parameters to experimental data is challenging. This study proposes an improved semi-analytical method that first fits the Cole-Cole curve of the H-N model, followed by optimizing the parameters of the H-N model using the GA. The correlation coefficient of the fitting result can be improved to over 0.98. This study also reveals a close relationship between the optimization of the H-N model and the discreteness and overlap of experimental data, which may be attributed to the inclusion of fractional power functions in the H-N model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Qiu
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100084, China; (M.Q.)
| | - Peng Cao
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100084, China; (M.Q.)
| | - Liang Cao
- Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100084, China; (M.Q.)
| | - Zhifei Tan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Chuantao Hou
- Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering, Beijing 100076, China; (C.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Long Wang
- Science and Technology on Reliability and Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering, Beijing 100076, China; (C.H.); (L.W.)
| | - Jianru Wang
- The 41st Institute of the Fourth Research Academy of CASC, Xi’an 100124, China
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7
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Yan YQ, Chen Y, Wang Z, Chen LH, Tang HL, Su BL. Electrochemistry-assisted selective butadiene hydrogenation with water. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2106. [PMID: 37055383 PMCID: PMC10102003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37708-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkene feedstocks are used to produce polymers with a market expected to reach 128.4 million metric tons by 2027. Butadiene is one of the impurities poisoning alkene polymerization catalysts and is usually removed by thermocatalytic selective hydrogenation. Excessive use of H2, poor alkene selectivity and high operating temperature (e.g. up to 350 °C) remain the most significant drawbacks of the thermocatalytic process, calling for innovative alternatives. Here we report a room-temperature (25~30 °C) electrochemistry-assisted selective hydrogenation process in a gas-fed fixed bed reactor, using water as the hydrogen source. Using a palladium membrane as the catalyst, this process offers a robust catalytic performance for selective butadiene hydrogenation, with alkene selectivity staying around 92% at a butadiene conversion above 97% for over 360 h of time on stream. The overall energy consumption of this process is 0.003 Wh/mLbutadiene, which is thousands of times lower than that of the thermocatalytic route. This study proposes an alternative electrochemical technology for industrial hydrogenation without the need for elevated temperature and hydrogen gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ya Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology, Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao-Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology, Guangdong Laboratory, Xianhu Hydrogen Valley, Foshan, 528200, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Lian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122, Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry (CMI), University of Namur, B-5000, Namur, Belgium.
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8
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Tian R, Li K, Lin Y, Lu C, Duan X. Characterization Techniques of Polymer Aging: From Beginning to End. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3007-3088. [PMID: 36802560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymers have been widely applied in various fields in the daily routines and the manufacturing. Despite the awareness of the aggressive and inevitable aging for the polymers, it still remains a challenge to choose an appropriate characterization strategy for evaluating the aging behaviors. The difficulties lie in the fact that the polymer features from the different aging stages require different characterization methods. In this review, we present an overview of the characterization strategies preferable for the initial, accelerated, and late stages during polymer aging. The optimum strategies have been discussed to characterize the generation of radicals, variation of functional groups, substantial chain scission, formation of low-molecular products, and deterioration in the polymers' macro-performances. In view of the advantages and the limitations of these characterization techniques, their utilization in a strategic approach is considered. In addition, we highlight the structure-property relationship for the aged polymers and provide available guidance for lifetime prediction. This review could allow the readers to be knowledgeable of the features for the polymers in the different aging stages and provide access to choose the optimum characterization techniques. We believe that this review will attract the communities dedicated to materials science and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kaitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yanjun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Green Catalysis Center, College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xue Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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9
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Electrocatalytic dual hydrogenation of organic substrates with a Faradaic efficiency approaching 200%. Nat Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-023-00923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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10
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Ballesteros-Soberanas J, Leyva-Pérez A. Electron-Poor Phosphines Enable the Selective Semihydrogenation Reaction of Alkynes with Pd on Carbon Catalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:965-970. [PMID: 36689618 PMCID: PMC9900635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An alternative to the Lindlar catalyst for the semihydrogenation reaction of alkynes to alkenes is of high interest. Here we show that palladium on carbon (Pd/C), i.e., a widely available supported Pd catalyst, is converted from an unselective to a chemoselective catalyst during the semihydrogenation reaction of alkynes, after the addition of catalytic amounts of commercially available electron-poor phosphines. The catalytic activity is ≤7 times greater, and the selectivity is comparable to that of the industrial benchmark Lindlar catalyst.
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11
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Pt nanoparticles confined in hollow silica nanoreactors as highly efficient catalysts for semihydrogenations of alkynes at atmospheric H2 pressure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:334-342. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Mao S, Wang Z, Luo Q, Lu B, Wang Y. Geometric and Electronic Effects in Hydrogenation Reactions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanjun Mao
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Luo
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Lu
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310028, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310028, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Ge X, Cao Y, Yan K, Li Y, Zhou L, Dai S, Zhang J, Gong X, Qian G, Zhou X, Yuan W, Duan X. Increasing the Distance of Adjacent Palladium Atoms for Configuration Matching in Selective Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202215225. [PMID: 36269685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Precisely tailoring the distance between adjacent metal sites to match adsorption configurations of key species for the targeted reaction pathway is a great challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. Here, we report a proof-of-concept study on the atomically sites-tailored pathway in Pd-catalyzed acetylene hydrogenation, i.e., increasing the distance of adjacent Pd atoms (dPd-a-Pd ) for configuration matching in acetylene semi-hydrogenation against coupling. dPd-a-Pd is identified as a structural descriptor for describing the competitiveness for reaction pathways, and the increased dPd-a-Pd prefers the semi-hydrogenation pathway due to simultaneously promoted C2 H4 desorption and the destabilized transition state of the C2 H3 * coupling. Spectroscopic, kinetics and electronic structure studies reveal that increasing dPd-a-Pd to 3.31 Å delivers superior selectivity and stability due to energy matching and appropriate hybridization of Pd 4d with In 2s and, especially, 2p orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yueqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kelin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yurou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lihui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xueqing Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Gang Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xinggui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Weikang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xuezhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
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14
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Chain length effects of phenylene sulfide modifiers on selective acetylene partial hydrogenation over Pd catalysts. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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15
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Wang X, Chu M, Wang M, Zhong Q, Chen J, Wang Z, Cao M, Yang H, Cheng T, Chen J, Sham TK, Zhang Q. Unveiling the Local Structure and Electronic Properties of PdBi Surface Alloy for Selective Hydrogenation of Propyne. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16869-16879. [PMID: 36250595 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Building a reliable relationship between the electronic structure of alloyed metallic catalysts and catalytic performance is important but remains challenging due to the interference from many entangled factors. Herein, a PdBi surface alloy structural model, by tuning the deposition rate of Bi atoms relative to the atomic interdiffusion rate at the interface, realizes a continuous modulation of the electronic structure of Pd. Using advanced X-ray characterization techniques, we provide a precise depiction of the electronic structure of the PdBi surface alloy. As a result, the PdBi catalysts show enhanced propene selectivity compared with the pure Pd catalyst in the selective hydrogenation of propyne. The prevented formation of saturated β-hydrides in the subsurface layers and weakened propene adsorption on the surface contribute to the high selectivity. Our work provides in-depth understanding of the electronic properties of surface alloy structure and underlies the study of the electronic structure-performance relationship in bimetallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou215123, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, OntarioN6A5B7, Canada
| | - Mingyu Chu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Mengwen Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Qixuan Zhong
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Jiatang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, OntarioN6A5B7, Canada
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, OntarioN6A5B7, Canada
| | - Muhan Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou215123, China
| | - Tsun-Kong Sham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, OntarioN6A5B7, Canada
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'Ai Road, Suzhou215123, China
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16
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Che L, Guo J, He Z, Zhang H. Evidence of rate-determining step variation along reactivity in acetylene hydrogenation: a systematic kinetic study on elementary steps, kinetically relevant(s) and active species. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Li Y, Yan K, Cao Y, Ge X, Zhou X, Yuan W, Chen D, Duan X. Mechanistic and Atomic-Level Insights into Semihydrogenation Catalysis to Light Olefins. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yurou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kelin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yueqiang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaohu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xinggui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weikang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - De Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Xuezhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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18
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Zhang M, Zou Y, Zhang S, Qu Y. In situ Re‐construction of Pt Nanoparticles Interface for Highly Selective Synthesis of Primary Amines. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingkai Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
| | - Yong Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
| | - Sai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen Shenzhen 518057 P. R. China
| | - Yongquan Qu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China
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19
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Guo M, Jayakumar S, Luo M, Kong X, Li C, Li H, Chen J, Yang Q. The promotion effect of π-π interactions in Pd NPs catalysed selective hydrogenation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1770. [PMID: 35365621 PMCID: PMC8975908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The utilization of weak interactions to improve the catalytic performance of supported metal catalysts is an important strategy for catalysts design, but still remains a big challenge. In this work, the weak interactions nearby the Pd nanoparticles (NPs) are finely tuned by using a series of imine-linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with different conjugation skeletons. The Pd NPs embedded in pyrene-COF are ca. 3 to 10-fold more active than those in COFs without pyrene in the hydrogenation of aromatic ketones/aldehydes, quinolines and nitrobenzene, though Pd have similar size and surface structure. With acetophenone (AP) hydrogenation as a model reaction, systematic studies imply that the π-π interaction of AP and pyrene rings in the vicinity of Pd NPs could significantly reduce the activation barrier in the rate-determining step. This work highlights the important role of non-covalent interactions beyond the active sites in modulating the catalytic performance of supported metal NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Sanjeevi Jayakumar
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Mengfei Luo
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, 455000, China
| | - Chunzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Qihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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20
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21
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Polyphenylene sulfide as an efficient solid-phase ligand for improved selective alkyne hydrogenation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Chen Z, Zeng X, Li X, Lv Z, Li J, Zhang Y. Strong Metal Phosphide-Phosphate Support Interaction for Enhanced Non-Noble Metal Catalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106724. [PMID: 34791708 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) is crucial for supported catalysts in heterogeneous catalysis. Here is the first report on strong metal phosphide-phosphate support interaction (SMPSI). The key to SMPSI is the activation of P species on the support, which leads to simultaneous generation of metal phosphide nanoparticles (NPs) and core-shell nanostructures formed by support migration onto the NPs. The encapsulation state of metal phosphide and charge transfer are identical to those of classical SMSIs and can be optimally regulated. Furthermore, the strong interactions of Co2 PL /MnP-3 not only significantly enhance the anti-oxidation and anti-acid capability of non-noble metal but also exhibit excellent catalytic activity and stability toward hydrogenating a wide range of compounds into value-added fine chemicals with 100% selectivity, which is even better than Pd/C and Pt/C. The SMPSI construction can be generally extended to other systems such as Ni2 PL /Mn3 (PO4 )2 , Co2 PL /LaPO4 , and CoPL /CePO4 . This study provides a new approach for the rational design of advanced non-noble metal catalysts and introduce a novel paradigm for the strong interaction between NPs and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhenxing Lv
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jiong Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Chemistry, Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Biomass Clean Energy, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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23
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Rivero-Crespo MA, Toupalas G, Morandi B. Preparation of Recyclable and Versatile Porous Poly(aryl thioether)s by Reversible Pd-Catalyzed C-S/C-S Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21331-21339. [PMID: 34871503 PMCID: PMC8704200 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Porous organic materials
(polymers and COFs) have shown a number
of promising properties; however, the lability of their linkages often
limits their robustness and can hamper downstream industrial application.
Inspired by the outstanding chemical, mechanical, and thermal resistance
of the 1D polymer poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), we have designed
a new family of porous poly(aryl thioether)s, synthesized via a mild
Pd-catalyzed C–S/C–S metathesis-based method, that merges
the attractive features common to porous polymers and PPS in a single
material. In addition, the method is highly modular, allowing to easily
introduce application-oriented functionalities in the materials for
a series of environmentally relevant applications including metal
capture, metal sensing, and heterogeneous catalysis. Moreover, despite
their extreme chemical resistance, the polymers can be easily recycled
to recover the original monomers, offering an attractive perspective
for their sustainable use. In a broader context, these results clearly
demonstrate the untapped potential of emerging single-bond metathesis
reactions in the preparation of new, recyclable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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24
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Breaking the inverse relationship between catalytic activity and selectivity in acetylene partial hydrogenation using dynamic metal–polymer interaction. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Zhang L, Chen Z, Liu Z, Bu J, Ma W, Yan C, Bai R, Lin J, Zhang Q, Liu J, Wang T, Zhang J. Efficient electrocatalytic acetylene semihydrogenation by electron-rich metal sites in N-heterocyclic carbene metal complexes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6574. [PMID: 34772929 PMCID: PMC8589958 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic acetylene semihydrogenation is a promising alternative to thermocatalytic acetylene hydrogenation due to its environmental benignity and economic efficiency, but its performance is far below that of the thermocatalytic reaction because of strong competition from side reactions, including hydrogen evolution, overhydrogenation and carbon-carbon coupling reactions. We develop N-heterocyclic carbene-metal complexes, with electron-rich metal centers owing to the strongly σ-donating N-heterocyclic carbene ligands, as electrocatalysts for selective acetylene semihydrogenation. Experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the copper sites in N-heterocyclic carbene-copper facilitate the absorption of electrophilic acetylene and the desorption of nucleophilic ethylene, ultimately suppressing the side reactions during electrocatalytic acetylene semihydrogenation, and exhibit superior semihydrogenation performance, with faradaic efficiencies of ≥98 % under pure acetylene flow. Even in a crude ethylene feed containing 1 % acetylene (1 × 104 ppm), N-heterocyclic carbene-copper affords a specific selectivity of >99 % during a 100-h stability test, continuous ethylene production with only ~30 ppm acetylene, a large space velocity of up to 9.6 × 105 mL·gcat-1·h-1, and a turnover frequency of 2.1 × 10-2 s-1, dramatically outperforming currently reported thermocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenpeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Bu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenxiu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional and Smart Polymer Materials of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Department of Advanced Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710129, Xi'an, China.
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26
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Luo Q, Wang Z, Chen Y, Mao S, Wu K, Zhang K, Li Q, Lv G, Huang G, Li H, Wang Y. Dynamic Modification of Palladium Catalysts with Chain Alkylamines for the Selective Hydrogenation of Alkynes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31775-31784. [PMID: 34227385 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selective hydrogenation of alkynes plays a pivotal role in the field of chemical production but still suffers from restrained catalytic activity and low alkene selectivity. Herein, a dynamic modification strategy was utilized by preferentially attaching diethylenetriamine (DETA) to the surface of the support to modify the Pd catalyst. The DETA-modified Pd catalyst demonstrates unprecedented reactivity (14,412 h-1) and selectivity as high as 94% for the semihydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol at 35 °C, presenting a 36-fold higher reactivity than the Lindlar catalyst. Moreover, the yield exceeds 98.2% at full conversion under no solvent and organic adsorbate conditions, indicating the potential applications for industrial production. Systematic studies reveal that flexible DETA serves in a reversible "breathing pattern" for the molecular discrimination by constructing dynamic metal-support interaction (DMSI), enabling selective exclusion of alkenes from the Pd surface. DETA is competent to dynamically adjust the adsorption behaviors of reactants and effectively boost the intrinsic activity of the modified catalyst. Impressively, the DETA-modified Pd catalyst exhibits exceptional stability even after being recycled 20 times. This work sheds light on a novel and applicable method for the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts via DMSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Institute of Catalysis, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technolgies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Institute of Catalysis, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technolgies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuzhuo Chen
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Institute of Catalysis, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technolgies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
| | - Shanjun Mao
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Institute of Catalysis, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technolgies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
| | - Kejun Wu
- Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd, Xinchang County 312500, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Kaichao Zhang
- Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd, Xinchang County 312500, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Qichuan Li
- Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd, Xinchang County 312500, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Guofeng Lv
- Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd, Xinchang County 312500, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Huang
- Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd, Xinchang County 312500, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Li
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Institute of Catalysis, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technolgies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Advanced Materials and Catalysis Group, Institute of Catalysis, Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technolgies, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310028, P. R. China
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27
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Hyun K, Park Y, Lee S, Lee J, Choi Y, Shin S, Kim H, Choi M. Tailoring a Dynamic Metal–Polymer Interaction to Improve Catalyst Selectivity and Longevity in Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyunglim Hyun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 R. Korea
| | - Younghwan Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 R. Korea
| | - Songhyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 R. Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 R. Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 R. Korea
| | - Seung‐Jae Shin
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 R. Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 R. Korea
| | - Minkee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 R. Korea
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28
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Hyun K, Park Y, Lee S, Lee J, Choi Y, Shin SJ, Kim H, Choi M. Tailoring a Dynamic Metal-Polymer Interaction to Improve Catalyst Selectivity and Longevity in Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12482-12489. [PMID: 33729643 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Controlling metal-support interactions is important for tuning the catalytic properties of supported metal catalysts. Here, premade Pd particles are supported on stable polymers containing different ligating functionalities to control the metal-polymer interactions and their catalytic properties in industrially relevant acetylene partial hydrogenation. The polymers containing strongly ligating groups (e.g., Ar-SH and Ar-S-Ar) can form a polymer overlayer on the Pd surface, which enables selective acetylene adsorption and partial hydrogenation to ethylene without deactivation. In contrast, polymers with weakly ligating groups (e.g., Ar-O-Ar) do not form an overlayer, resulting in non-selective hydrogenation and fast deactivation, similar to Pd catalysts on conventional inorganic supports. The results imply that tuning the metal-polymer interactions via rational polymer design can provide an efficient way of synthesizing selective and stable catalysts for hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunglim Hyun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, R. Korea
| | - Younghwan Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, R. Korea
| | - Songhyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, R. Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, R. Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, R. Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, R. Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, R. Korea
| | - Minkee Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, R. Korea
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Liu K, Qin R, Zheng N. Insights into the Interfacial Effects in Heterogeneous Metal Nanocatalysts toward Selective Hydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4483-4499. [PMID: 33724821 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous metal catalysts are distinguished by their structure inhomogeneity and complexity. The chameleonic nature of heterogeneous metal catalysts have prevented us from deeply understanding their catalytic mechanisms at the molecular level and thus developing industrial catalysts with perfect catalytic selectivity toward desired products. This Perspective aims to summarize recent research advances in deciphering complicated interfacial effects in heterogeneous hydrogenation metal nanocatalysts toward the design of practical heterogeneous catalysts with clear catalytic mechanism and thus nearly perfect selectivity. The molecular insights on how the three key components (i.e., catalytic metal, support, and ligand modifier) of a heterogeneous metal nanocatalyst induce effective interfaces determining the hydrogenation activity and selectivity are provided. The interfaces influence not only the H2 activation pathway but also the interaction of substrates to be hydrogenated with catalytic metal surface and thus the hydrogen transfer process. As for alloy nanocatalysts, together with the electronic and geometric ensemble effects, spillover hydrogenation occurring on catalytically "inert" metal by utilizing hydrogen atom spillover from active metal is highlighted. The metal-support interface effects are then discussed with emphasis on the molecular involvement of ligands located at the metal-support interface as well as cationic species from the support in hydrogenation. The mechanisms of how organic modifiers, with the ability to induce both 3D steric and electronic effects, on metal nanocatalysts manipulate the hydrogenation pathways are demonstrated. A brief summary is finally provided together with a perspective on the development of enzyme-like heterogeneous hydrogenation metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruixuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Nanfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Preparation Technology of Nanomaterials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.,Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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30
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Anand K, Duguet T, Esvan J, Lacaze-Dufaure C. Chemical Interactions at the Al/Poly-Epoxy Interface Rationalized by DFT Calculations and a Comparative XPS Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:57649-57665. [PMID: 33306361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A metal-polymer interface is pertinent to numerous technological applications, especially in spatial sectors. The focus of this work is to elaborate on the metallization process of the poly-epoxy surface with aluminum thin films, using atomistic details. To this end, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) under ultrahigh vacuum and density functional theory calculations are employed. The interfacial bonding between Al atoms and the poly-epoxide surface, represented by a dimer model, is studied by determining adsorption energies and by simulating XPS spectra. The latter simulations are mainly performed using the ΔKS method, taking into account the initial and the final state effects. Simulated atom-by-atom metal deposition on model epoxy systems is attempted to further elucidate energetics of metallization and preferential arrangement of metal atoms at the interface. A fair agreement obtained between XPS experiments and computations rationalizes the interaction mechanism at the atomic scale explaining the formation of the Al/poly-epoxy interface. Electronic structure properties highlight the charge transfer from the Al atom(s) to dehydrogenated model epoxy system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Anand
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INP-ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, BP44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Thomas Duguet
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INP-ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, BP44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jérôme Esvan
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INP-ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, BP44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Corinne Lacaze-Dufaure
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS-INP-ENSIACET, 4 Allée Emile Monso, BP44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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31
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Goodman E, Zhou C, Cargnello M. Design of Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Catalysts for Energy and Environmental Applications. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1916-1937. [PMID: 33274270 PMCID: PMC7706093 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Controlling selectivity between competing reaction pathways is crucial in catalysis. Several approaches have been proposed to achieve this goal in traditional heterogeneous catalysts including tuning nanoparticle size, varying alloy composition, and controlling supporting material. A less explored and promising research area to control reaction selectivity is via the use of hybrid organic/inorganic catalysts. These materials contain inorganic components which serve as sites for chemical reactions and organic components which either provide diffusional control or directly participate in the formation of active site motifs. Despite the appealing potential of these hybrid materials to increase reaction selectivity, there are significant challenges to the rational design of such hybrid nanostructures. Structural and mechanistic characterization of these materials play a key role in understanding and, therefore, designing these organic/inorganic hybrid catalysts. This Outlook highlights the design of hybrid organic/inorganic catalysts with a brief overview of four different classes of materials and discusses the practical catalytic properties and opportunities emerging from such designs in the area of energy and environmental transformations. Key structural and mechanistic characterization studies are identified to provide fundamental insight into the atomic structure and catalytic behavior of hybrid organic/inorganic catalysts. Exemplary works are used to show how specific active site motifs allow for remarkable changes in the reaction selectivity. Finally, to demonstrate the potential of hybrid catalyst materials, we suggest a characterization-based approach toward the design of biomimetic hybrid organic/inorganic materials for a specific application in the energy and environmental research space: the conversion of methane into methanol.
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Dong J, Fu Q, Li H, Xiao J, Yang B, Zhang B, Bai Y, Song T, Zhang R, Gao L, Cai J, Zhang H, Liu Z, Bao X. Reaction-Induced Strong Metal-Support Interactions between Metals and Inert Boron Nitride Nanosheets. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17167-17174. [PMID: 32924478 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of metal nanocatalysts by support-derived materials is well known as a classical strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) effect that occurs almost exclusively with active oxide supports and often blocks metal-catalyzed surface reactions. In the present work this classical SMSI process has been surprisingly observed between metal nanoparticles, e.g., Ni, Fe, Co, and Ru, and inert hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) nanosheets. We find that weak oxidizing gases such as CO2 and H2O induce the encapsulation of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles by ultrathin boron oxide (BOx) overlayers derived from the h-BN support (Ni@BOx/h-BN) during the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction. In-situ surface characterization and theory calculations reveal that surface B-O and B-OH sites in the formed BOx encapsulation overlayers work synergistically with surface Ni sites to promote the DRM process rather than blocking the surface reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Haobo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yang
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yunxing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Tongyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Rankun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cai
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhang
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Liu
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, P. R. China.,Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xinhe Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, iChEM, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, P. R. China.,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
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