1
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Galan NJ, Cobbold BE, Cromer CE, Brantley JN. Macromolecular Photoediting Using Single-Electron Logic. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1623-1628. [PMID: 37962989 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Accessing the chemistry of reactive intermediates under mild conditions has significantly expanded the available chemical space for molecular transformations. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the context of photoredox catalysis. Despite abundant literature precedents for using this powerful methodology to build complex targets, there are comparatively few reports that leverage photoredox catalysis for macromolecular editing. Here, we report a mild photoredox approach that enables both the functionalization and degradation of polyalkenamers to valuable feedstocks. Irradiation with visible light (including natural sunlight) in the presence of a pyrillium photoredox catalyst promoted facile chain scission in a variety of substrates. This metal-free approach transformed high molar mass materials (>300 kDa) to low molar mass species (<15 kDa) within 10 min. Moreover, we could completely degrade macromolecules into a range of useful targets (C16-C29 species) within 96 h. Mechanistic and kinetic experiments were carried out to understand this reactivity, which could be coupled with hydrofunctionalizations to create tailored products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Galan
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Boris E Cobbold
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Chase E Cromer
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Johnathan N Brantley
- The Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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2
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Wang Q, Jung H, Kim D, Chang S. Iridium-Catalyzed Migratory Terminal C(sp 3)-H Amidation of Heteroatom-Substituted Internal Alkenes via Olefin Chain Walking. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37906814 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydroamination facilitated by metal hydride catalysis is an appealing synthetic approach to access valuable nitrogen-containing compounds from readily available unsaturated hydrocarbons. While high regioselectivity can be achieved usually for substrates bearing polar chelation groups, the reaction involving simple alkenes frequently provides nonselective outcomes. Herein, we report an iridium-catalyzed highly regioselective terminal C(sp3)-H amidation of internal alkenes utilizing dioxazolones as an amino source via olefin chain walking. Most notably, this mechanistic motif of double bond migration to the terminal position operates not only with dialkyl-substituted simple alkenes including styrenes but also with heteroatom-substituted olefins such as enol ethers, vinyl silanes, and vinyl borons, thus representing the first example of the terminal methyl amidation of the latter type of alkenes through a nondissociative chain walking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hoimin Jung
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Sukbok Chang
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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3
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Chen Z, Li H, Liao Y, Wang M, Su W. Direct synthesis of alkylated 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives via a cascade Cu-catalyzed dehydrogenation/conjugate addition sequence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:6686-6689. [PMID: 37183637 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01960h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An efficient approach for the direct synthesis of alkylated 4-hydroxycoumarin derivatives via a Cu-catalyzed cascade dehydrogenation/conjugate addition sequence starting from simple saturated ketones and 4-hydroxycoumarins has been developed. This protocol features excellent functional-group tolerance, easy scale-up, and a broad substrate scope including bioactive molecules. More importantly, a series of marketed drugs, such as warfarin, acenocoumarol, coumachlor, and coumafuryl, can be obtained by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yanjing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Mengqi Wang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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4
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Li H, Yin C, Liu S, Tu H, Lin P, Chen J, Su W. Multiple remote C(sp 3)-H functionalizations of aliphatic ketones via bimetallic Cu-Pd catalyzed successive dehydrogenation. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13843-13850. [PMID: 36544736 PMCID: PMC9710215 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05370e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dehydrogenation-triggered multiple C(sp3)-H functionalizations at remote positions γ, δ or ε, ζ to carbonyl groups of aliphatic ketones with aryl/alkenyl carboxylic acids as coupling partners have been achieved using a bimetallic Cu-Pd catalyst system. This reaction allows access to alkenylated isocoumarins and their derivatives in generally good yields with high functional group tolerance. The identification of bimetallic Cu-Pd synergistic catalysis for efficient successive dehydrogenation of aliphatic ketones, which overcomes the long-standing challenge posed by the successive dehydrogenation desaturation of terminally unsubstituted alkyl chains in aliphatic ketones, is essential to achieving this bimetallic Cu-Pd catalyzed dehydrogenation coupling reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
| | - Chang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China,College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350002China
| | - Sien Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
| | - Hua Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
| | - Ping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002China
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5
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Wu SJ, Shi Y, Sun K, Yuan XY, Tang S, Yu B. Potassium doping carbon nitride: Dramatically enhanced photocatalytic properties for hydroxyalkylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)‑ones with alcohol under air atmosphere. J Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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6
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Call A, Cianfanelli M, Besalú-Sala P, Olivo G, Palone A, Vicens L, Ribas X, Luis JM, Bietti M, Costas M. Carboxylic Acid Directed γ-Lactonization of Unactivated Primary C-H Bonds Catalyzed by Mn Complexes: Application to Stereoselective Natural Product Diversification. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:19542-19558. [PMID: 36228322 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions that enable selective functionalization of strong aliphatic C-H bonds open new synthetic paths to rapidly increase molecular complexity and expand chemical space. Particularly valuable are reactions where site-selectivity can be directed toward a specific C-H bond by catalyst control. Herein we describe the catalytic site- and stereoselective γ-lactonization of unactivated primary C-H bonds in carboxylic acid substrates. The system relies on a chiral Mn catalyst that activates aqueous hydrogen peroxide to promote intramolecular lactonization under mild conditions, via carboxylate binding to the metal center. The system exhibits high site-selectivity and enables the oxidation of unactivated primary γ-C-H bonds even in the presence of intrinsically weaker and a priori more reactive secondary and tertiary ones at α- and β-carbons. With substrates bearing nonequivalent γ-C-H bonds, the factors governing site-selectivity have been uncovered. Most remarkably, by manipulating the absolute chirality of the catalyst, γ-lactonization at methyl groups in gem-dimethyl structural units of rigid cyclic and bicyclic carboxylic acids can be achieved with unprecedented levels of diastereoselectivity. Such control has been successfully exploited in the late-stage lactonization of natural products such as camphoric, camphanic, ketopinic, and isoketopinic acids. DFT analysis points toward a rebound type mechanism initiated by intramolecular 1,7-HAT from a primary γ-C-H bond of the bound substrate to a highly reactive MnIV-oxyl intermediate, to deliver a carbon radical that rapidly lactonizes through carboxylate transfer. Intramolecular kinetic deuterium isotope effect and 18O labeling experiments provide strong support to this mechanistic picture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Call
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marco Cianfanelli
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pau Besalú-Sala
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Giorgio Olivo
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Andrea Palone
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laia Vicens
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavi Ribas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep M Luis
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Massimo Bietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Miquel Costas
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Girona E-17003, Catalonia, Spain
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7
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Gordon BM, Parihar A, Hasanayn F, Goldman AS. High Activity and Selectivity for Catalytic Alkane–Alkene Transfer (De)hydrogenation by ( tBuPPP)Ir and the Importance of Choice of a Sacrificial Hydrogen Acceptor. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ashish Parihar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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8
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Wang K, Gan L, Wu Y, Zhou MJ, Liu G, Huang Z. Selective dehydrogenation of small and large molecules by a chloroiridium catalyst. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6586. [PMID: 36149964 PMCID: PMC9506726 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dehydrogenation of abundant alkane feedstocks to olefins is one of the mostly intensively investigated reactions in organic catalysis. A long-standing, pervasive challenge in this transformation is the direct dehydrogenation of unactivated 1,1-disubstituted ethane, an aliphatic motif commonly found in organic molecules. Here, we report the design of a diphosphine chloroiridium catalyst for undirected dehydrogenation of this aliphatic class to form valuable 1,1-disubstituted ethylene. Featuring high site selectivity and excellent functional group compatibility, this catalytic system is applicable to late-stage dehydrogenation of complex bioactive molecules. Moreover, the system enables unprecedented dehydrogenation of polypropene with controllable degree of desaturation, dehydrogenating more than 10 in 100 propene units. Further derivatizations of the resulting double bonds afford functionalized polypropenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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9
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Wang Y, Huang Z, Liu G, Huang Z. A New Paradigm in Pincer Iridium Chemistry: PCN Complexes for (De)Hydrogenation Catalysis and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2148-2161. [PMID: 35852837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of organometallic catalysts is of paramount importance in modern organic synthesis, among which the ligand scaffolds play a crucial role in controlling the activity and selectivity. Over the past several decades, d8 transition-metal complexes of pincer ligands have been developed extensively thanks to their easy structural modification, versatile reactivities, and high stability. One paradigm is the bis(phosphine)-based pincer iridium complexes PCP-Ir, which are highly active for alkane dehydrogenation, partly due to their high thermostability. However, except for alkane dehydrogenation and related transformations, few applications of pincer iridium catalysis have been seen in organic synthesis. This mainly arises from the low functional-group compatibility and poor substrate scope and the limited catalytic chemistry that invariably involves Ir(I/III) redox processes initiated by oxidative addition of substrates to 14-electron (PCP)Ir fragments (the proposed catalytically active intermediates). In this Account, we describe our endeavor on the development of a new family of PCN-Ir complexes with initial intention on creating more efficient alkane dehydrogenation catalysts. The replacement of a soft, σ-donor phosphine arm in the PCP ligands by a harder, π-acceptor N-heteroarene (pyridine or oxazoline) not only provides an additional platform to modify the structural properties but also offers new modes of bond activation and novel reactivities and catalysis. One uniqueness of the PCN-Ir system lies in the formation, via ortho-C(sp2)-H cyclometalation of the pyridine unit in the PCNPy ligand, of the neutral monohydride (PCC)IrIIIHL (L = neutral ligand), which catalyzes positional and stereoselective 1-alkene-to-(E)-2-alkene isomerization. Moreover, the PCN-Ir catalysts effect ethanol dehydrogenation without decarbonylation, allowing for transfer hydrogenation of unactivated alkenes and trans-selective semihydrogenation of internal alkynes with user-friendly ethanol as the H-donor. Another feature originates from the ability of the pentacoordinate hydrido chloride complex (PCN)IrIIIHCl to undergo reversible solvent-coordination-induced-ionization (SCII), furnishing a cationic monohydride [(PCN)IrIIIH(Sol)]+Cl- bearing an uncoordinated Cl anion that effects selective hydrometalation of internal alkynes over the corresponding (Z)-alkenes; the resulting (PCN)IrIII(vinyl)Cl complex undergoes amine-assisted formal alcoholysis involving the protonation of the Cl anion by the activated IrIII-bound EtOH, again via the SCII pathway. Together these elementary reactions lay the foundation for cis-selective semihydrogenation of alkynes with EtOH. Further, the design of the oxazoline-containing chiral complexes (PCNOxa)IrIIIHCl enables asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of alkenes/ketones with ethanol. The efficient catalytic α-alkylation of unactivated esters/amides with alcohols is another case showing the benefit that the PCN-Ir catalyst can offer. These examples illustrate the profound impact of the pincer ligands on the reactivities and catalysis. We hope this Account will provide an in-depth view into the fundamentals of pincer iridium chemistry and ultimately broaden its applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhidao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou310024, China
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10
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Huang T, Kupfer S, Richter M, Gräfe S, Geitner R. Bidentate Rh(I)‐Phosphine Complexes for the C‐H Activation of Alkanes: Computational Modelling and Mechanistic Insight. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianbai Huang
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Martin Richter
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Stefanie Gräfe
- FSU Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena Institute for Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics Helmholtzweg 4 07743 Jena GERMANY
| | - Robert Geitner
- TU Ilmenau: Technische Universitat Ilmenau Institute for Chemistry and Bioengineering Weimarer Str. 32 98693 Ilmenau GERMANY
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11
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Yu F, Tao R, Su Y, Liu G, Huang Z. Undirected, Asymmetric Alkyl Group Functionalizations through Alkane Dehydrogenation. Org Lett 2022; 24:4563-4568. [PMID: 35724678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Direct asymmetric alkyl group functionalizations can potentially convert abundant and inexpensive hydrocarbon feedstocks into value-added chiral fine chemicals. Here, we report a one-pot, dehydrogenation-based strategy for enantioselective formal benzylic C(sp3)-H bond borylation. Dehydrogenation of alkylarenes by a pincer-Ir complex produces aryl alkenes via a tandem dehydrogenation/alkene-isomerization catalysis. The subsequent Cu-catalyzed asymmetric alkene hydroboration affords benzylic boronate esters with excellent site- and enantioselectivity. The generality of this strategy has been further demonstrated by asymmetric alkyl group amination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yu
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renqing Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yiting Su
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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12
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Su Y, Yu F, Liu G, Huang Z. Dehydrogenation Based Asymmetric Epoxidation of Arylalkanes to Chiral Epoxides. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Su
- Chang‐Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Feng Yu
- Chang‐Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Chang‐Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub‐lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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13
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Santos SS, Gonzaga RV, Scarim CB, Giarolla J, Primi MC, Chin CM, Ferreira EI. Drug/Lead Compound Hydroxymethylation as a Simple Approach to Enhance Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Properties. Front Chem 2022; 9:734983. [PMID: 35237565 PMCID: PMC8883432 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.734983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxymethylation is a simple chemical reaction, in which the introduction of the hydroxymethyl group can lead to physical–chemical property changes and offer several therapeutic advantages, contributing to the improved biological activity of drugs. There are many examples in the literature of the pharmaceutical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic benefits, which the hydroxymethyl group can confer to drugs, prodrugs, drug metabolites, and other therapeutic compounds. It is worth noting that this group can enhance the drug’s interaction with the active site, and it can be employed as an intermediary in synthesizing other therapeutic agents. In addition, the hydroxymethyl derivative can result in more active compounds than the parent drug as well as increase the water solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Taking this into consideration, this review aims to discuss different applications of hydroxymethyl derived from biological agents and its influence on the pharmacological effects of drugs, prodrugs, active metabolites, and compounds of natural origin. Finally, we report a successful compound synthesized by our research group and used for the treatment of neglected diseases, which is created from the hydroxymethylation of its parent drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya S. Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Quimioterápicos Potencialmente Ativos Em Doenças Negligenciadas (LAPEN), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo V. Gonzaga
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Quimioterápicos Potencialmente Ativos Em Doenças Negligenciadas (LAPEN), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cauê B. Scarim
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos (LAPDESF), Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Jeanine Giarolla
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Quimioterápicos Potencialmente Ativos Em Doenças Negligenciadas (LAPEN), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Chung M. Chin
- Laboratório de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos (LAPDESF), Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa Avançada Em Medicina (CEPAM), Faculdade de Medicina, União Das Faculdades Dos Grande Lagos (UNILAGO), São José Do Rio Preto, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth I. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Quimioterápicos Potencialmente Ativos Em Doenças Negligenciadas (LAPEN), Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Elizabeth I. Ferreira,
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14
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Huang W, Tian X, Jiao H, Jackstell R, Beller M. Iridium-catalyzed Domino Hydroformylation/Hydrogenation of Olefins to Alcohols: Synergy of Two Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202104012. [PMID: 34890092 PMCID: PMC9306591 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel one‐pot iridium‐catalyzed domino hydroxymethylation of olefins, which relies on using two different ligands at the same time, is reported. DFT computation reveals different activities for the individual hydroformylation and hydrogenation steps in the presence of mono‐ and bidentate ligands. Whereas bidentate ligands have higher hydrogenation activity, monodentate ligands show higher hydroformylation activity. Accordingly, a catalyst system is introduced that uses dual ligands in the whole domino process. Control experiments show that the overall selectivity is kinetically controlled. Both computation and experiment explain the function of the two optimized ligands during the domino process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiheng Huang
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV: Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse eV, Angewandte Homogenkatalyse, GERMANY
| | - Xinxin Tian
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV: Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse eV, Angewandte Homogenkatalyse, GERMANY
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV: Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse eV, Angewandte Homogenkatalyse, GERMANY
| | - Ralf Jackstell
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse eV: Leibniz-Institut fur Katalyse eV, Angewandte Homogenkatalyse, GERMANY
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse, Homogeneous Catalysis, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059, Rostock, GERMANY
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15
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Zhou MJ, Zhang L, Liu G, Xu C, Huang Z. Site-Selective Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Aliphatics Enabled by Organophotoredox/Cobalt Dual Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16470-16485. [PMID: 34592106 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The value of catalytic dehydrogenation of aliphatics (CDA) in organic synthesis has remained largely underexplored. Known homogeneous CDA systems often require the use of sacrificial hydrogen acceptors (or oxidants), precious metal catalysts, and harsh reaction conditions, thus limiting most existing methods to dehydrogenation of non- or low-functionalized alkanes. Here we describe a visible-light-driven, dual-catalyst system consisting of inexpensive organophotoredox and base-metal catalysts for room-temperature, acceptorless-CDA (Al-CDA). Initiated by photoexited 2-chloroanthraquinone, the process involves H atom transfer (HAT) of aliphatics to form alkyl radicals, which then react with cobaloxime to produce olefins and H2. This operationally simple method enables direct dehydrogenation of readily available chemical feedstocks to diversely functionalized olefins. For example, we demonstrate, for the first time, the oxidant-free desaturation of thioethers and amides to alkenyl sulfides and enamides, respectively. Moreover, the system's exceptional site selectivity and functional group tolerance are illustrated by late-stage dehydrogenation and synthesis of 14 biologically relevant molecules and pharmaceutical ingredients. Mechanistic studies have revealed a dual HAT process and provided insights into the origin of reactivity and site selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jie Zhou
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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16
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Biswas S, Blessent MJ, Gordon BM, Zhou T, Malakar S, Wang DY, Krogh-Jespersen K, Goldman AS. Origin of Regioselectivity in the Dehydrogenation of Alkanes by Pincer–Iridium Complexes: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c02872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Michael J. Blessent
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Benjamin M. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Tian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Santanu Malakar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - David Y. Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Karsten Krogh-Jespersen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
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17
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Liu L, Corma A. Isolated metal atoms and clusters for alkane activation: Translating knowledge from enzymatic and homogeneous to heterogeneous systems. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Franco MS, Saba S, Rafique J, Braga AL. KIO
4
‐mediated Selective Hydroxymethylation/Methylenation of Imidazo‐Heteroarenes: A Greener Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Straesser Franco
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina—UFSC Florianópolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Instituto de Química Universidade Federal de Goiás—UFG Goiânia 74690-900 GO-Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul—UFMS Campo Grande 79074-460 MS-Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Braga
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina—UFSC Florianópolis 88040-900 SC-Brazil
- Department of Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science University of Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028 South Africa
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19
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Franco MS, Saba S, Rafique J, Braga AL. KIO 4 -mediated Selective Hydroxymethylation/Methylenation of Imidazo-Heteroarenes: A Greener Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18454-18460. [PMID: 34097781 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a KIO4 -mediated, sustainable and chemoselective approach for the one-pot C(sp2 )-H bond hydroxymethylation or methylenation of imidazo-heteroarenes with formaldehyde, generated in situ via the oxidative cleavage of ethylene glycol or glycerol (renewable reagents) through the Malaprade reaction. In the presence of ethylene glycol, a series of 3-hydroxymethyl-imidazo-heteroarenes was obtained in good to excellent yields. These compounds are important intermediates to access pharmaceutical drugs, e.g., Zolpidem. Furthermore, by using glycerol, bis(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)methane derivatives were selectively obtained in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Straesser Franco
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC-Brazil
| | - Sumbal Saba
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiânia, 74690-900, GO-Brazil
| | - Jamal Rafique
- Instituto de Química, Universidade, Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS, Campo Grande, 79074-460, MS-Brazil
| | - Antonio Luiz Braga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-UFSC, Florianópolis, 88040-900, SC-Brazil.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Martínez
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Lukas Veth
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Lainer
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Paweł Dydio
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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21
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Shada ADR, Miller AJM, Emge TJ, Goldman AS. Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Alkanes by PCP–Pincer Iridium Complexes Using Proton and Electron Acceptors. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Dixith Reddy Shada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alexander J. M. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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