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Na DH, Cui S, Fang X, Lee H, Eum SH, Shin YJ, Lim SW, Yang CW, Chung BH. Advancements in Research on Genetic Kidney Diseases Using Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Kidney Organoids. Cells 2024; 13:1190. [PMID: 39056771 PMCID: PMC11274677 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic or hereditary kidney disease stands as a pivotal cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The proliferation and widespread utilization of DNA testing in clinical settings have notably eased the diagnosis of genetic kidney diseases, which were once elusive but are now increasingly identified in cases previously deemed CKD of unknown etiology. However, despite these diagnostic strides, research into disease pathogenesis and novel drug development faces significant hurdles, chiefly due to the dearth of appropriate animal models and the challenges posed by limited patient cohorts in clinical studies. Conversely, the advent and utilization of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a promising avenue for genetic kidney disease research. Particularly, the development of hiPSC-derived kidney organoid systems presents a novel platform for investigating various forms of genetic kidney diseases. Moreover, the integration of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique into this system holds immense potential for efficient research on genetic kidney diseases. This review aims to explore the applications of in vitro kidney organoids generated from hiPSCs in the study of diverse genetic kidney diseases. Additionally, it will delve into the limitations of this research platform and outline future perspectives for advancing research in this crucial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Hyun Na
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Cui
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
| | - Xianying Fang
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
| | - Hanbi Lee
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Eum
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon 21431, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Shin
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
| | - Sun Woo Lim
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Transplantation Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (D.H.N.); (S.C.); (X.F.); (H.L.); (S.H.E.); (Y.J.S.); (S.W.L.); (C.W.Y.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Hu X, Gan L, Tang Z, Lin R, Liang Z, Li F, Zhu C, Han X, Zheng R, Shen J, Yu J, Luo N, Peng W, Tan J, Li X, Fan J, Wen Q, Wang X, Li J, Zheng X, Liu Q, Guo J, Shi G, Mao H, Chen W, Yin S, Zhou Y. A Natural Small Molecule Mitigates Kidney Fibrosis by Targeting Cdc42-mediated GSK-3β/β-catenin Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307850. [PMID: 38240457 PMCID: PMC10987128 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Kidney fibrosis is a common fate of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs), eventually leading to renal dysfunction. Yet, no effective treatment for this pathological process has been achieved. During the bioassay-guided chemical investigation of the medicinal plant Wikstroemia chamaedaphne, a daphne diterpenoid, daphnepedunin A (DA), is characterized as a promising anti-renal fibrotic lead. DA shows significant anti-kidney fibrosis effects in cultured renal fibroblasts and unilateral ureteral obstructed mice, being more potent than the clinical trial drug pirfenidone. Leveraging the thermal proteome profiling strategy, cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) is identified as the direct target of DA. Mechanistically, DA targets to reduce Cdc42 activity and down-regulates its downstream phospho-protein kinase Cζ(p-PKCζ)/phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (p-GSK-3β), thereby promoting β-catenin Ser33/37/Thr41 phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis to block classical pro-fibrotic β-catenin signaling. These findings suggest that Cdc42 is a promising therapeutic target for kidney fibrosis, and highlight DA as a potent Cdc42 inhibitor for combating CKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Hu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Lu Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Ziwen Tang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Ruoni Lin
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Zhou Liang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Changjian Zhu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Ruilin Zheng
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiani Shen
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Ning Luo
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Wenxing Peng
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jiaqing Tan
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jinjin Fan
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Qiong Wen
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Xunhua Zheng
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Qinghua Liu
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Jianping Guo
- Institute of Precision MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Guo‐Ping Shi
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Haiping Mao
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510006China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of NephrologyThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityNHC Key Laboratory of Clinical NephrologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of NephrologySun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510080China
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Buerger F, Salmanullah D, Liang L, Gauntner V, Krueger K, Qi M, Sharma V, Rubin A, Ball D, Lemberg K, Saida K, Merz LM, Sever S, Issac B, Sun L, Guerrero-Castillo S, Gomez AC, McNulty MT, Sampson MG, Al-Hamed MH, Saleh MM, Shalaby M, Kari J, Fawcett JP, Hildebrandt F, Majmundar AJ. Recessive variants in the intergenic NOS1AP-C1orf226 locus cause monogenic kidney disease responsive to anti-proteinuric treatment. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.17.24303374. [PMID: 38562757 PMCID: PMC10984069 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.17.24303374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In genetic disease, an accurate expression landscape of disease genes and faithful animal models will enable precise genetic diagnoses and therapeutic discoveries, respectively. We previously discovered that variants in NOS1AP , encoding nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) adaptor protein, cause monogenic nephrotic syndrome (NS). Here, we determined that an intergenic splice product of N OS1AP / Nos1ap and neighboring C1orf226/Gm7694 , which precludes NOS1 binding, is the predominant isoform in mammalian kidney transcriptional and proteomic data. Gm7694 -/- mice, whose allele exclusively disrupts the intergenic product, developed NS phenotypes. In two human NS subjects, we identified causative NOS1AP splice variants, including one predicted to abrogate intergenic splicing but initially misclassified as benign based on the canonical transcript. Finally, by modifying genetic background, we generated a faithful mouse model of NOS1AP -associated NS, which responded to anti-proteinuric treatment. This study highlights the importance of intergenic splicing and a potential treatment avenue in a mendelian disorder.
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Slaats GG, Chen J, Levtchenko E, Verhaar MC, Arcolino FO. Advances and potential of regenerative medicine in pediatric nephrology. Pediatr Nephrol 2024; 39:383-395. [PMID: 37400705 PMCID: PMC10728238 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-06039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous capacity of the kidney to repair is limited, and generation of new nephrons after injury for adequate function recovery remains a need. Discovery of factors that promote the endogenous regenerative capacity of the injured kidney or generation of transplantable kidney tissue represent promising therapeutic strategies. While several encouraging results are obtained after administration of stem or progenitor cells, stem cell secretome, or extracellular vesicles in experimental kidney injury models, very little data exist in the clinical setting to make conclusions about their efficacy. In this review, we provide an overview of the cutting-edge knowledge on kidney regeneration, including pre-clinical methodologies used to elucidate regenerative pathways and describe the perspectives of regenerative medicine for kidney patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela G Slaats
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Junyu Chen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Levtchenko
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Oliveira Arcolino
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Cluster Woman and Child, Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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5
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Pahuja A, Goux Corredera I, Moya-Rull D, Garreta E, Montserrat N. Engineering physiological environments to advance kidney organoid models from human pluripotent stem cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102306. [PMID: 38194750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the mammalian kidney arises because of reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud (UB) and the metanephric mesenchyme (MM), driving UB branching and nephron induction. These morphogenetic processes involve a series of cellular rearrangements that are tightly controlled by gene regulatory networks and signaling cascades. Here, we discuss how kidney developmental studies have informed the definition of procedures to obtain kidney organoids from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Moreover, bioengineering techniques have emerged as potential solutions to externally impose controlled microenvironments for organoid generation from hPSCs. Next, we summarize some of these advances with major focus On recent works merging hPSC-derived kidney organoids (hPSC-kidney organoids) with organ-on-chip to develop robust models for drug discovery and disease modeling applications. We foresee that, in the near future, coupling of different organoid models through bioengineering approaches will help advancing to recreate organ-to-organ crosstalk to increase our understanding on kidney disease progression in the human context and search for new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Pahuja
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iphigénie Goux Corredera
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Moya-Rull
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Garreta
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotency for Organ Regeneration. Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
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6
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Nishinakamura R. Advances and challenges toward developing kidney organoids for clinical applications. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:1017-1027. [PMID: 37541208 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Kidney organoids have enabled modeling of human development and disease. While methods of generating the nephron lineage are well established, new protocols to induce another lineage, the ureteric bud/collecting duct, have been reported in the past 5 years. Many reports have described modeling of various hereditary kidney diseases, with polycystic kidney disease serving as the archetypal disease, by using patient-derived or genome-edited kidney organoids. The generation of more organotypic kidneys is also becoming feasible. In this review, I also discuss the significant challenges for more sophisticated disease modeling and for realizing the ambitious goal of generating transplantable synthetic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nishinakamura
- Department of Kidney Development, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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7
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Jensen KB, Little MH. Organoids are not organs: Sources of variation and misinformation in organoid biology. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:1255-1270. [PMID: 37315519 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, the term organoid has moved from obscurity to common use to describe a 3D in vitro cellular model of a tissue that recapitulates structural and functional elements of the in vivo organ it models. The term organoid is now applied to structures formed as a result of two distinct processes: the capacity for adult epithelial stem cells to re-create a tissue niche in vitro and the ability to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells to a 3D self-organizing multicellular model of organogenesis. While these two organoid fields rely upon different stem cell types and recapitulate different processes, both share common challenges around robustness, accuracy, and reproducibility. Critically, organoids are not organs. This commentary serves to discuss these challenges, how they impact genuine utility, and shine a light on the need to improve the standards applied to all organoid approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bak Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa Helen Little
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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8
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Vandana JJ, Manrique C, Lacko LA, Chen S. Human pluripotent-stem-cell-derived organoids for drug discovery and evaluation. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:571-591. [PMID: 37146581 PMCID: PMC10775018 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and three-dimensional organoids have ushered in a new era for disease modeling and drug discovery. Over the past decade, significant progress has been in deriving functional organoids from hPSCs, which have been applied to recapitulate disease phenotypes. In addition, these advancements have extended the application of hPSCs and organoids for drug screening and clinical-trial safety evaluations. This review provides an overview of the achievements and challenges in using hPSC-derived organoids to conduct relevant high-throughput, high-contentscreens and drug evaluation. These studies have greatly enhanced our knowledge and toolbox for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jeya Vandana
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, The Rockefeller University, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cassandra Manrique
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauretta A Lacko
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Center for Genomic Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Ravaei A, Emanuele M, Nazzaro G, Fadiga L, Rubini M. Placental DNA methylation profile as predicting marker for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Mol Med 2023; 29:8. [PMID: 36647002 PMCID: PMC9843962 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00593-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs normal brain development and socio-cognitive abilities. The pathogenesis of this condition points out the involvement of genetic and environmental factors during in-utero life. Placenta, as an interface tissue between mother and fetus, provides developing fetus requirements and exposes it to maternal environment as well. Therefore, the alteration of DNA methylation as epigenetic consequence of gene-environmental interaction in the placenta could shed light on ASD pathogenesis. In this study, we reviewed the current findings on placental methylation status and its association with ASD. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in ASD-developing placenta were found to be mainly enriched in ASD gene loci affecting synaptogenesis, microtubule dynamics, neurogenesis and neuritogenesis. In addition, non-genic DMRs in ASD-placenta proposes an alternative contributing mechanism for ASD development. Our study highlights the importance of placental DNA methylation signature as a biomarker for ASD prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Ravaei
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Emanuele
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Section of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ,grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nazzaro
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Section of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ,grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luciano Fadiga
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Section of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy ,grid.25786.3e0000 0004 1764 2907IIT@UniFe Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication (CTNSC), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Rubini
- grid.8484.00000 0004 1757 2064Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 74, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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10
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Dorison A, Ghobrial I, Graham A, Peiris T, Forbes TA, See M, Das M, Saleem MA, Quinlan C, Lawlor KT, Ramialison M, Howden SE, Little MH. Kidney Organoids Generated Using an Allelic Series of NPHS2 Point Variants Reveal Distinct Intracellular Podocin Mistrafficking. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:88-109. [PMID: 36167728 PMCID: PMC10101587 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2022060707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND NPHS2 variants are the most common cause of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children >1 month old. Missense NPHS2 variants were reported to cause mistrafficking of the encoded protein, PODOCIN, but this conclusion was on the basis of overexpression in some nonpodocyte cell lines. METHODS We generated a series of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines bearing pathogenic missense variants of NPHS2 , encoding the protein changes p.G92C, p.P118L, p.R138Q, p.R168H, and p.R291W, and control lines. iPSC lines were also generated from a patient with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (p.R168H homozygote) and a healthy heterozygous parent. All lines were differentiated into kidney organoids. Immunofluorescence assessed PODOCIN expression and subcellular localization. Podocytes were transcriptionally profiled and PODOCIN-NEPHRIN interaction interrogated. RESULTS All variant lines revealed reduced levels of PODOCIN protein in the absence of reduced transcription. Although wild-type PODOCIN localized to the membrane, distinct variant proteins displayed unique patterns of subcellular protein trafficking, some unreported. P118L and R138Q were preferentially retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); R168H and R291W accumulated in the Golgi. Podocyte profiling demonstrated minimal disease-associated transcriptional change. All variants displayed podocyte-specific apoptosis, which was not linked to ER stress. NEPHRIN-PODOCIN colocalization elucidated the variant-specific effect on NEPHRIN association and hence NEPHRIN trafficking. CONCLUSIONS Specific variants of endogenous NPHS2 result in distinct subcellular PODOCIN localization within organoid podocytes. Understanding the effect of each variant on protein levels and localization and the effect on NEPHRIN provides additional insight into the pathobiology of NPHS2 variants. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://dts.podtrac.com/redirect.mp3/www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2023_01_05_JASN2022060707.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Dorison
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Ghobrial
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alison Graham
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Thomas A. Forbes
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael See
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Monash Bioinformatics Platform, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Mithun Das
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Moin A. Saleem
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Quinlan
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kynan T. Lawlor
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mirana Ramialison
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Clayton, Australia
| | - Sara E. Howden
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Melissa H. Little
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Dorison A, Forbes TA, Little MH. What can we learn from kidney organoids? Kidney Int 2022; 102:1013-1029. [PMID: 35970244 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to generate 3-dimensional models of the developing human kidney via the directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells-termed kidney organoids-has been hailed as a major advance in experimental nephrology. Although these provide an opportunity to interrogate human development, model-specific kidney diseases facilitate drug screening and even deliver bioengineered tissue; most of these prophetic end points remain to be realized. Indeed, at present we are still finding out what we can learn and what we cannot learn from this approach. In this review, we will summarize the approaches available to generate models of the human kidney from stem cells, the existing successful applications of kidney organoids, their limitations, and remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Dorison
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Forbes
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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12
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Lausecker F, Koehler S, Fresquet M, Naylor RW, Tian P, Wanner N, Braun F, Butt L, Huber TB, Lennon R. Integrating basic science with translational research: the 13th International Podocyte Conference 2021. Kidney Int 2022; 102:708-719. [PMID: 35964799 PMCID: PMC9386279 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 13th International Podocyte Conference was held in Manchester, UK, and online from July 28 to 30, 2021. Originally planned for 2020, this biannual meeting was postponed by a year because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and proceeded as an innovative hybrid meeting. In addition to in-person attendance, online registration was offered, and this attracted 490 conference registrations in total. As a Podocyte Conference first, a day for early-career researchers was introduced. This premeeting included talks from graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. It gave early career researchers the opportunity to ask a panel, comprising academic leaders and journal editors, about career pathways and the future for podocyte research. The main meeting over 3 days included a keynote talk and 4 focused sessions each day incorporating invited talks, followed by selected abstract presentations, and an open panel discussion. The conference concluded with a Patient Day, which brought together patients, clinicians, researchers, and industry representatives. The Patient Day was an interactive and diverse day. As well as updates on improving diagnosis and potential new therapies, the Patient Day included a PodoArt competition, exercise and cooking classes with practical nutrition advice, and inspirational stories from patients and family members. This review summarizes the exciting science presented during the 13th International Podocyte Conference and demonstrates the resilience of researchers during a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sybille Koehler
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maryline Fresquet
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard W Naylor
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Pinyuan Tian
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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13
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Westerling-Bui AD, Fast EM, Soare TW, Venkatachalan S, DeRan M, Fanelli AB, Kyrychenko S, Hoang H, Corriea GM, Zhang W, Yu M, Daniels M, Malojcic G, Pan-Zhou XR, Ledeboer MW, Harmange JC, Emani M, Tibbitts TT, Reilly JF, Mundel P. Transplanted organoids empower human preclinical assessment of drug candidate for the clinic. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj5633. [PMID: 35857479 PMCID: PMC9258952 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacodynamic (PD) studies are an essential component of preclinical drug discovery. Current approaches for PD studies, including the analysis of novel kidney disease targeting therapeutic agents, are limited to animal models with unclear translatability to the human condition. To address this challenge, we developed a novel approach for PD studies using transplanted, perfused human kidney organoids. We performed pharmacokinetic (PK) studies with GFB-887, an investigational new drug now in phase 2 trials. Orally dosed GFB-887 to athymic rats that had undergone organoid transplantation resulted in measurable drug exposure in transplanted organoids. We established the efficacy of orally dosed GFB-887 in PD studies, where quantitative analysis showed significant protection of kidney filter cells in human organoids and endogenous rat host kidneys. This widely applicable approach demonstrates feasibility of using transplanted human organoids in preclinical PD studies with an investigational new drug, empowering organoids to revolutionize drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D. Westerling-Bui
- Goldfinch Bio Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.D.W.-B.); (P.M.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hien Hoang
- Goldfinch Bio Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Goldfinch Bio Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Maolin Yu
- Goldfinch Bio Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Peter Mundel
- Goldfinch Bio Inc., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Corresponding author. (A.D.W.-B.); (P.M.)
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14
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Trush O, Takasato M. Kidney organoid research: current status and applications. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2022; 75:101944. [PMID: 35785592 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2022.101944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Organoids are being widely introduced as novel research models in multiple research fields. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived kidney organoids became an indispensable tool to study human kidney development, model various diseases and infections leading to kidney damage, and offer a new route towards better drug development and validation, personalized drug screening, and regenerative medicine. In this review, we provide an update of the most recent developments in kidney organoid induction: their main goals, advantages, and shortcomings. We further discuss their current applications in providing modeling and treatment avenues to various kidney injuries, their use in genome-wide screening of kidney diseases, and the cell interactions occurring in these kidney structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Trush
- Laboratory for Human Organogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Minoru Takasato
- Laboratory for Human Organogenesis, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology and Development, Department of Animal Development and Physiology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Department of Development and Regeneration, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
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15
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Little MH, Humphreys BD. Regrow or Repair: An Update on Potential Regenerative Therapies for the Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2022; 33:15-32. [PMID: 34789545 PMCID: PMC8763179 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2021081073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen years ago, this journal published a review outlining future options for regenerating the kidney. At that time, stem cell populations were being identified in multiple tissues, the concept of stem cell recruitment to a site of injury was of great interest, and the possibility of postnatal renal stem cells was growing in momentum. Since that time, we have seen the advent of human induced pluripotent stem cells, substantial advances in our capacity to both sequence and edit the genome, global and spatial transcriptional analysis down to the single-cell level, and a pandemic that has challenged our delivery of health care to all. This article will look back over this period of time to see how our view of kidney development, disease, repair, and regeneration has changed and envision a future for kidney regeneration and repair over the next 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa H. Little
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin D. Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Missouri,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, Missouri
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16
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Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived kidney organoids toward clinical implementations. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Ungricht R, Guibbal L, Lasbennes MC, Orsini V, Beibel M, Waldt A, Cuttat R, Carbone W, Basler A, Roma G, Nigsch F, Tchorz JS, Hoepfner D, Hoppe PS. Genome-wide screening in human kidney organoids identifies developmental and disease-related aspects of nephrogenesis. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 29:160-175.e7. [PMID: 34847364 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human organoids allow the study of proliferation, lineage specification, and 3D tissue development. Here we present a genome-wide CRISPR screen in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived kidney organoids. The combination of inducible genome editing, longitudinal sampling, and endpoint sorting of tubular and stromal cells generated a complex, high-quality dataset uncovering a broad spectrum of insightful biology from early development to "adult" epithelial morphogenesis. Our functional dataset allows improving mesoderm induction by ROCK inhibition, contains monogenetic and complex trait kidney disease genes, confirms two additional congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) genes (CCDC170 and MYH7B), and provides a large candidate list of ciliopathy-related genes. Finally, identification of a cis-inhibitory effect of Jagged1 controlling epithelial proliferation shows how mosaic knockouts in pooled CRISPR screening can reveal ways of communication between heterogeneous cell populations in complex tissues. These data serve as a rich resource for the kidney research community and as a benchmark for future iPSC-derived organoid CRISPR screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Ungricht
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laure Guibbal
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Vanessa Orsini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beibel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Waldt
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Cuttat
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Carbone
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Basler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Nigsch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan S Tchorz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Hoepfner
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Hoppe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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18
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Sun H. New kid on the block: NOS1AP is a newly recognized genetic cause of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in infants. Kidney Int 2021; 100:496-498. [PMID: 33684448 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2021.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation/Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Generation of Monogenic Candidate Genes for Human Nephrotic Syndrome Using 3 Independent Approaches. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 6:460-471. [PMID: 33615071 PMCID: PMC7879125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is the second most common cause of chronic kidney disease during childhood. Identification of 63 monogenic human genes has delineated 12 distinct pathogenic pathways. Methods Here, we generated 2 independent sets of nephrotic syndrome (NS) candidate genes to augment the discovery of additional monogenic causes based on whole-exome sequencing (WES) data from 1382 families with NS. Results We first identified 63 known monogenic causes of NS in mice from public databases and scientific publications, and 12 of these genes overlapped with the 63 known human monogenic SRNS genes. Second, we used a set of 64 genes that are regulated by the transcription factor Wilms tumor 1 (WT1), which causes SRNS if mutated. Thirteen of these WT1-regulated genes overlapped with human or murine NS genes. Finally, we overlapped these lists of murine and WT1 candidate genes with our list of 120 candidate genes generated from WES in 1382 NS families, to identify novel candidate genes for monogenic human SRNS. Using this approach, we identified 7 overlapping genes, of which 3 genes were shared by all datasets, including SYNPO. We show that loss-of-function of SYNPO leads to decreased CDC42 activity and reduced podocyte migration rate, both of which are rescued by overexpression of wild-type complementary DNA (cDNA), but not by cDNA representing the patient mutation. Conclusion Thus, we identified 3 novel candidate genes for human SRNS using 3 independent, nonoverlapping hypotheses, and generated functional evidence for SYNPO as a novel potential monogenic cause of NS.
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