1
|
Wang T, Zhou D, Hong Z. Adipose tissue in older individuals: a contributing factor to sarcopenia. Metabolism 2024; 160:155998. [PMID: 39128607 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by a functional decline in muscle. The prevalence of sarcopenia increases with natural aging, becoming a serious health problem among elderly individuals. Therefore, understanding the pathology of sarcopenia is critical for inhibiting age-related alterations and promoting health and longevity in elderly individuals. The development of sarcopenia may be influenced by interactions between visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, particularly under conditions of chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. This hypothesis is supported by the following observations: (i) accumulation of senescent cells in both adipose tissue and skeletal muscle with age; (ii) gut dysbiosis, characterized by an imbalance in gut microbial communities as the main trigger for inflammation, sarcopenia, and aged adipose tissue; and (iii) microbial dysbiosis, which could impact the onset or progression of a senescent state. Moreover, adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ, releasing molecules that participate in intricate communication networks between organs. Our discussion focuses on novel adipokines and their role in regulating adipose tissue and muscle, particularly those influenced by aging and obesity, emphasizing their contributions to disease development. On the basis of these findings, we propose that age-related adipose tissue and sarcopenia are disorders characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Finally, we explore new potential therapeutic strategies involving specialized proresolving mediator (SPM) G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists, non-SPM GPCR agonists, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, antidiabetic drugs in conjunction with probiotics and prebiotics, and compounds designed to target senescent cells and mitigate their pro-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Institute of Brain Science and Brain-inspired Technology of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Neurology, Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kawamoto S, Hara E. Crosstalk between gut microbiota and cellular senescence: a vicious cycle leading to aging gut. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:626-635. [PMID: 38220548 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Two phenomena, the accumulation of senescent cells and changes in the gut microbiota, are thought to contribute to the decline of biological functions and the development of diseases associated with aging. However, the relationship between these two phenomena and their effects on aging remains to be clarified. Recently, we have reported that gut bacteria induce cellular senescence in ileal germinal center (GC) B cells, resulting in decreased IgA production and diversity. This, in turn, leads to an imbalance in the gut microbiota. Thus, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and cellular senescence via the host immune system may establish a vicious cycle and contribute to the disruption of gut homeostasis associated with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimpei Kawamoto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Eiji Hara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Diseases Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramirez-Velez I, Belardi B. Storming the gate: New approaches for targeting the dynamic tight junction for improved drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114905. [PMID: 37271282 PMCID: PMC10999255 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As biologics used in the clinic outpace the number of new small molecule drugs, an important challenge for their efficacy and widespread use has emerged, namely tissue penetrance. Macromolecular drugs - bulky, high-molecular weight, hydrophilic agents - exhibit low permeability across biological barriers. Epithelial and endothelial layers, for example within the gastrointestinal tract or at the blood-brain barrier, present the most significant obstacle to drug transport. Within epithelium, two subcellular structures are responsible for limiting absorption: cell membranes and intercellular tight junctions. Previously considered impenetrable to macromolecular drugs, tight junctions control paracellular flux and dictate drug transport between cells. Recent work, however, has shown tight junctions to be dynamic, anisotropic structures that can be targeted for delivery. This review aims to summarize new approaches for targeting tight junctions, both directly and indirectly, and to highlight how manipulation of tight junction interactions may help usher in a new era of precision drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Ramirez-Velez
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Brian Belardi
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gimmon A, Sherker L, Kojukarov L, Zaknoun M, Lior Y, Fadel T, Schuster R, Lewis EC, Silberstein E. Accelerated Wound Border Closure Using a Microemulsion Containing Non-Inhibitory Recombinant α1-Antitrypsin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137364. [PMID: 35806370 PMCID: PMC9266325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Wound healing requires a non-compromising combination of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. Human α1-antitrypsin (hAAT), a circulating glycoprotein that rises during acute-phase responses and during healthy pregnancies, is tissue-protective and tolerance-inducing; although anti-inflammatory, hAAT enhances revascularization. hAAT blocks tissue-degrading enzymes, including neutrophil elastase; it is, therefore, unclear how wound healing might improve under hAAT-rich conditions. Here, wound healing was examined in the presence of recombinant hAAT (hAATWT) and protease-inhibition-lacking hAAT (hAATCP). The impact of both hAAT forms was determined by an epithelial cell gap closure assay, and by excisional skin injuries via a microemulsion optimized for open wounds. Neutrophilic infiltration was examined after 8 h. According to results, both hAAT forms accelerated epithelial gap closure and excisional wound closure, particularly at early time points. Unlike dexamethasone-treated wounds, both resulted in closed borders at the 8-h time point. In untreated and hAATCP-treated wounds, leukocytic infiltrates were widespread, in hAATWT-treated wounds compartmentalized and in dexamethasone-treated wounds, scarce. Both hAAT forms decreased interleukin-1β and increased VEGF gene expression. In conclusion hAAT improves epithelial cell migration and outcomes of in vivo wounds irrespective of protease inhibition. While both forms of hAAT allow neutrophils to infiltrate, only native hAAT created discrete neutrophilic tissue clusters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alon Gimmon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.G.); (L.S.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.F.); (R.S.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Lior Sherker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.G.); (L.S.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.F.); (R.S.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Lena Kojukarov
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.G.); (L.S.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.F.); (R.S.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Melodie Zaknoun
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.G.); (L.S.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.F.); (R.S.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Yotam Lior
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.G.); (L.S.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.F.); (R.S.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Tova Fadel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.G.); (L.S.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.F.); (R.S.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Ronen Schuster
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.G.); (L.S.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.F.); (R.S.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Eli C. Lewis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.G.); (L.S.); (L.K.); (M.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.F.); (R.S.); (E.C.L.)
| | - Eldad Silberstein
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva 8410101, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-8-640-0880
| |
Collapse
|