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Jin CS, Xu D, Li M, Hu P, Jiang Z, Liu J, Miao Y, Wu F, Liang W, Zhang Q, Su B, Liu Q, Zhang R, Sun J. Tectonic and orbital forcing of the South Asian monsoon in central Tibet during the late Oligocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214558120. [PMID: 37011203 PMCID: PMC10104490 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214558120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern pattern of the Asian monsoon is thought to have formed around the Oligocene/Miocene transition and is generally attributed to Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau (H-TP) uplift. However, the timing of the ancient Asian monsoon over the TP and its response to astronomical forcing and TP uplift remains poorly known because of the paucity of well-dated high-resolution geological records from the TP interior. Here, we present a precession-scale cyclostratigraphic sedimentary section of 27.32 to 23.24 million years ago (Ma) during the late Oligocene epoch from the Nima Basin to show that the South Asian monsoon (SAM) had already advanced to the central TP (32°N) at least by 27.3 Ma, which is indicated by cyclic arid-humid fluctuations based on environmental magnetism proxies. A shift of lithology and astronomically orbital periods and amplified amplitude of proxy measurements as well as a hydroclimate transition around 25.8 Ma suggest that the SAM intensified at ~25.8 Ma and that the TP reached a paleoelevation threshold for enhancing the coupling between the uplifted plateau and the SAM. Orbital short eccentricity-paced precipitation variability is argued to be mainly driven by orbital eccentricity-modulated low-latitude summer insolation rather than glacial-interglacial Antarctic ice sheet fluctuations. The monsoon data from the TP interior provide key evidence to link the greatly enhanced tropical SAM at 25.8 Ma with TP uplift rather than global climate change and suggest that SAM's northward expansion to the boreal subtropics was dominated by a combination of tectonic and astronomical forcing at multiple timescales in the late Oligocene epoch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Deke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pengxiang Hu
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Zhaoxia Jiang
- College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yunfa Miao
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wentian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bai Su
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jimin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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Sun Y, Hu D, Chang H, Li S, Ho SH. Recent progress on converting CO 2 into microalgal biomass using suspended photobioreactors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 363:127991. [PMID: 36262000 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Inhomogeneous light distribution and poor CO2 transfer capacity are two critical concerns impeding microalgal photosynthesis in practical suspended photobioreactors (PBRs). To provide valuable guidance on designing high-performance PBRs, recent progress on enhancing light and CO2 availabilities is systematically summarized in this review. Particularly, for the first time, the strategies on elevating light availability are classified and discussed from the perspectives of increasing incident light intensity, introducing internal illumination, optimizing flow field, regulating biomass concentrations, and enlarging illumination surface areas. Meanwhile, the strategies on enhancing CO2 light availability are outlined from the aspects of generating smaller bubbles, extending bubbles residence time, and facilitating CO2 dissolution using extra additives. Given the microalgal biomass production using current PBRs are still suffering from low productivity and economic feasibility, the possible future directions for PBRs implementation and development are presented. Altogether, this review is beneficial to furthering development of PBRs as a practical technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Sun
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; Hebei Provincial Lab of Water Environmental Sciences, Hebei Provincial Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050037, China
| | - Deshen Hu
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haixing Chang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shih-Hsin Ho
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Oligocene moisture variations as evidenced by an aeolian dust sequence in Inner Mongolia, China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5597. [PMID: 35379883 PMCID: PMC8980076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aridification of Central Asia since the Eocene has widespread evidence, but climate-controlled environmental reorganizations during the Oligocene remain ambiguous. We employed environmental magnetic, mineralogical and geochemical methods on a latest Eocene to late Oligocene terrestrial sequence in Inner Mongolia, China, to examine how global climatic trends and regional factors influenced the evolution of moisture and weathering in the region. Highlighting the climatic influence, our weathering and rainfall proxy data document the drawdown of atmospheric CO2 and global cooling during the early Oligocene semi-arid phase, which culminated in the Early Oligocene Aridification Event at 31 Ma. Moreover, for the first time in the terrestrial eastern Central Asian setting, we provide geochemical and geophysical evidence for a second major Oligocene aridification event nearly synchronous to the mid-Oligocene Glacial Maximum at around 28 Ma. These aridification events were interrupted by periods of increased rainfall and weathering and can be associated with the terminations of glacial events seen in marine oxygen isotope records.
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