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Krasovec G, Renaud C, Quéinnec É, Sasakura Y, Chambon JP. Extrinsic apoptosis participates to tail regression during the metamorphosis of the chordate Ciona. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5729. [PMID: 38459045 PMCID: PMC10923776 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a regulated cell death ubiquitous in animals defined by morphological features depending on caspases. Two regulation pathways are described, currently named the intrinsic and the extrinsic apoptosis. While intrinsic apoptosis is well studied and considered ancestral among metazoans, extrinsic apoptosis is poorly studied outside mammals. Here, we address extrinsic apoptosis in the urochordates Ciona, belonging to the sister group of vertebrates. During metamorphosis, Ciona larvae undergo a tail regression depending on tissue contraction, migration and apoptosis. Apoptosis begin at the tail tip and propagates towards the trunk as a polarized wave. We identified Ci-caspase 8/10 by phylogenetic analysis as homolog to vertebrate caspases 8 and 10 that are the specific initiator of extrinsic apoptosis. We detected Ci-caspase 8/10 expression in Ciona larvae, especially at the tail tip. We showed that chemical inhibition of Ci-caspase 8/10 leads to a delay of tail regression, and Ci-caspase 8/10 loss of function induced an incomplete tail regression. The specificity between apoptotic pathways and initiator caspase suggests that extrinsic apoptosis regulates cell death during the tail regression. Our study presents rare in vivo work on extrinsic apoptosis outside mammals, and contribute to the discussion on its evolutionary history in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Krasovec
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France.
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan.
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75013, Paris, France.
| | - Cécile Renaud
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Éric Quéinnec
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, EPHE, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Yasunori Sasakura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
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Satake H, Sasakura Y. The neuroendocrine system of Ciona intestinalis Type A, a deuterostome invertebrate and the closest relative of vertebrates. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 582:112122. [PMID: 38109989 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Deuterostome invertebrates, including echinoderms, hemichordates, cephalochordates, and urochordates, exhibit common and species-specific morphological, developmental, physiological, and behavioral characteristics that are regulated by neuroendocrine and nervous systems. Over the past 15 years, omics, genetic, and/or physiological studies on deuterostome invertebrates have identified low-molecular-weight transmitters, neuropeptides and their cognate receptors, and have clarified their various biological functions. In particular, there has been increasing interest on the neuroendocrine and nervous systems of Ciona intestinalis Type A, which belongs to the subphylum Urochordata and occupies the critical phylogenetic position as the closest relative of vertebrates. During the developmental stage, gamma-aminobutylic acid, D-serine, and gonadotropin-releasing hormones regulate metamorphosis of Ciona. In adults, the neuropeptidergic mechanisms underlying ovarian follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and ovulation have been elucidated. This review article provides the most recent and fundamental knowledge of the neuroendocrine and nervous systems of Ciona, and their evolutionary aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoo Satake
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Sasakura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shizuoka, Japan
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Totsuka NM, Kuwana S, Sawai S, Oka K, Sasakura Y, Hotta K. Distribution changes of non-self-test cells and self-tunic cells surrounding the outer body during Ciona metamorphosis. Dev Dyn 2023; 252:1363-1374. [PMID: 37341471 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ascidians significantly change their body structure through metamorphosis, but the spatio-temporal cell dynamics in the early metamorphosis stage has not been clarified. A natural Ciona embryo is surrounded by maternally derived non-self-test cells before metamorphosis. However, after metamorphosis, the juvenile is surrounded by self-tunic cells derived from mesenchymal cell lineages. Both test cells and tunic cells are thought to be changed their distributions during metamorphosis, but the precise timing is unknown. RESULTS Using a metamorphosis induction by mechanical stimulation, we investigated the dynamics of mesenchymal cells during metamorphosis in a precise time course. After the stimulation, two-round Ca2+ transients were observed. Migrating mesenchymal cells came out through the epidermis within 10 min after the second phase. We named this event "cell extravasation." The cell extravasation occurred at the same time as the backward movement of posterior trunk epidermal cells. Timelapse imaging of transgenic-line larva revealed that non-self-test cells and self-tunic cells temporarily coexist outside the body until the test cells are eliminated. At the juvenile stage, only extravasated self-tunic cells remained outside the body. CONCLUSIONS We found that mesenchymal cells extravasated following two-round Ca2+ transients, and distributions of test cells and tunic cells changed in the outer body after tail regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu M Totsuka
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwana
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sawai
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Oka
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku City, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Frontier Engineering, Kitasato University, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Sasakura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kohji Hotta
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
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He L, Ding Y, Zhou X, Li T, Yin Y. Serine signaling governs metabolic homeostasis and health. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:361-372. [PMID: 36967366 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Serine has functions that are involved in metabolic homeostasis and health in pathological or stressful situations. Notably, the de novo serine synthesis pathway (SSP) plays a vital role in targeted regulation of immune responses, cell proliferation, and lipid/protein metabolism. The presentation of serine residues derived from SSP may be a signal of stress and provide novel insights into the relationship between metabolic homeostasis and diseases. Here, we summarize the current trends in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of serine metabolism, discuss how serine signaling governs metabolic and antistress processes, including oxidative stress, immunity, energy and lipid metabolism, intestinal microbiota, and the neurological system. We present a possible framework by which serine metabolism maintains metabolic homeostasis and treats human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqin He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yaqiong Ding
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Tiejun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Processes, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Changsha 410125, China.
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Xie C, Chen Y, Wang X, Song Y, Shen Y, Diao X, Zhu L, Wang J, Cai Z. Chiral derivatization-enabled discrimination and on-tissue detection of proteinogenic amino acids by ion mobility mass spectrometry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:14114-14123. [PMID: 36540812 PMCID: PMC9728562 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03604e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of chiral amino acids (AAs) in living organisms has been widely recognized since the discovery of endogenous d-AAs as potential biomarkers in several metabolic disorders. Chiral analysis by ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) has the advantages of high speed and sensitivity but is still in its infancy. Here, an N α-(2,4-dinitro-5-fluorophenyl)-l-alaninamide (FDAA) derivatization is combined with trapped ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (TIMS-MS) for chiral AA analysis. For the first time, we demonstrate the simultaneous separation of 19 pairs of chiral proteinogenic AAs in a single fixed condition TIMS-MS run. The utility of this approach is presented for mouse brain extracts by direct-infusion TIMS-MS. The robust separation ability in complex biological samples was proven in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) TIMS mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as well by directly depositing 19 pairs of chiral AAs on a tissue slide following on-tissue derivatization. In addition, endogenous chiral amino acids were also detected and distinguished. The developed methods show compelling application prospects in biomarker discovery and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Yanyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Yuting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Xin Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
| | - Jianing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
- Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong SAR China +852-34117348 +852-34117070
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Uda K, Moe LA. Distribution and evolution of the serine/aspartate racemase family in invertebrates. II. Frequent and widespread parallel evolution of aspartate racemase. J Biochem 2022; 172:303-311. [PMID: 35997160 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvac067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that invertebrate animal serine racemase (SerR) and aspartate racemase (AspR) evolved from a common ancestral gene and are widely distributed. However, the overall molecular evolutionary background of these genes has remained unclear. In the present study we have cloned, expressed and characterized five SerR and three AspR genes from six invertebrate species. The coexistence of SerR and AspR paralogs has been observed in some species, and the presence of both SerR and AspR is here confirmed in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano, the feather star Anneissia japonica, the ark shell Anadara broughtonii and the sea hare Aplysia californica. Comparison of the gene structures revealed the evolution of SerR and AspR. The ancestral species of metazoans probably had a single SerR gene, and the first gene duplication in the common ancestor species of the eumetazoans occurred after the divergence of porifera and eumetazoans, yielding two SerR genes. Most eumetazoans lost one of the two SerR genes, while the echinoderm Anneissia japonica retained both genes. Furthermore, it is clear that invertebrate AspR genes arose through parallel evolution by duplication of the SerR gene followed by substitution of amino acid residues necessary for substrate recognition in multiple lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouji Uda
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - Luke A Moe
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, 311 Plant Science Building, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA
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Sakamoto A, Hozumi A, Shiraishi A, Satake H, Horie T, Sasakura Y. The
TRP
channel
PKD2
is involved in sensing the mechanical stimulus of adhesion for initiating metamorphosis in the chordate
Ciona. Dev Growth Differ 2022; 64:395-408. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aya Sakamoto
- Shimoda Marine Research Center University of Tsukuba, Shimoda Shizuoka Japan
| | - Akiko Hozumi
- Shimoda Marine Research Center University of Tsukuba, Shimoda Shizuoka Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences Kyoto Japan
| | - Honoo Satake
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences Kyoto Japan
| | - Takeo Horie
- Shimoda Marine Research Center University of Tsukuba, Shimoda Shizuoka Japan
| | - Yasunori Sasakura
- Shimoda Marine Research Center University of Tsukuba, Shimoda Shizuoka Japan
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