1
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Garg D, Chopra P, Lee JWL, Tikhonov DS, Kumar S, Akcaalan O, Allum F, Boll R, Butler AA, Erk B, Gougoula E, Gruet SP, He L, Heathcote D, Jones E, Kazemi MM, Lahl J, Lemmens AK, Liu Z, Loru D, Maclot S, Mason R, Merrick J, Müller E, Mullins T, Papadopoulou CC, Passow C, Peschel J, Plach M, Ramm D, Robertson P, Rompotis D, Simao A, Steber AL, Tajalli A, Tul-Noor A, Vadassery N, Vinklárek IS, Techert S, Küpper J, Rijs AM, Rolles D, Brouard M, Bari S, Eng-Johnsson P, Vallance C, Burt M, Manschwetus B, Schnell M. Ultrafast dynamics of fluorene initiated by highly intense laser fields. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 38958416 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
We present an investigation of the ultrafast dynamics of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fluorene initiated by an intense femtosecond near-infrared laser pulse (810 nm) and probed by a weak visible pulse (405 nm). Using a multichannel detection scheme (mass spectra, electron and ion velocity-map imaging), we provide a full disentanglement of the complex dynamics of the vibronically excited parent molecule, its excited ionic states, and fragments. We observed various channels resulting from the strong-field ionization regime. In particular, we observed the formation of the unstable tetracation of fluorene, above-threshold ionization features in the photoelectron spectra, and evidence of ubiquitous secondary fragmentation. We produced a global fit of all observed time-dependent photoelectron and photoion channels. This global fit includes four parent ions extracted from the mass spectra, 15 kinetic-energy-resolved ionic fragments extracted from ion velocity map imaging, and five photoelectron channels obtained from electron velocity map imaging. The fit allowed for the extraction of 60 lifetimes of various metastable photoinduced intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Garg
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pragya Chopra
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jason W L Lee
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Sonu Kumar
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alexander A Butler
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Eva Gougoula
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Lanhai He
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
| | - David Heathcote
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ellen Jones
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mehdi M Kazemi
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jan Lahl
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexander K Lemmens
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Donatella Loru
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Robert Mason
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Merrick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Erland Müller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Terry Mullins
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Marius Plach
- Department of Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Ramm
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Robertson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dimitrios Rompotis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alcides Simao
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Ayhan Tajalli
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Atia Tul-Noor
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Nidin Vadassery
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ivo S Vinklárek
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
| | - Simone Techert
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anouk M Rijs
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sadia Bari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Claire Vallance
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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2
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Schmidt M, Melzer N, Kircher M, Kastirke G, Pier A, Kaiser L, Daum P, Tsitsonis D, Astaschov M, Rist J, Anders N, Roth P, Lin K, Drnec J, Trinter F, Schöffler MS, Schmidt LPH, Novikovskiy NM, Demekhin PV, Jahnke T, Dörner R. Role of the Binding Energy on Nondipole Effects in Single-Photon Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:233002. [PMID: 38905657 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.233002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
We experimentally study the influence of the binding energy on nondipole effects in K-shell single-photon ionization of atoms at high photon energies. We find that for each ionization event, as expected by momentum conservation, the photon momentum is transferred almost fully to the recoiling ion. The momentum distribution of the electrons becomes asymmetrically deformed along the photon propagation direction with a mean value of 8/(5c)(E_{γ}-I_{P}) confirming an almost 100 year old prediction by Sommerfeld and Schur [Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 396, 409 (1930)10.1002/andp.19303960402]. The emission direction of the photoions results from competition between the forward-directed photon momentum and the backward-directed recoil imparted by the photoelectron. Which of the two counteracting effects prevails depends on the binding energy of the emitted electron. As an example, we show that at 20 keV photon energy, Ne^{+} and Ar^{+} photoions are pushed backward towards the radiation source, while Kr^{+} photoions are emitted forward along the light propagation direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Melzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Kircher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - G Kastirke
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Pier
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Kaiser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P Daum
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Tsitsonis
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Astaschov
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Rist
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N Anders
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - P Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Lin
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Drnec
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - F Trinter
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - L Ph H Schmidt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N M Novikovskiy
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Ph V Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Rezvan DV, Klyssek K, Grundmann S, Pier A, Novikovskiy NM, Strenger N, Tsitsonis D, Kircher M, Vela-Peréz I, Fehre K, Trinter F, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Dörner R, Demekhin PV. Observation of Nondipole-Induced Asymmetry in the Angular Emission Distribution of Photoelectrons from Fixed-in-Space CO Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:253201. [PMID: 36608244 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.253201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We investigate experimentally and theoretically the C and O 1s photoionization of fixed-in-space CO molecules at a photon energy of 905 eV. We find a significant dependence of the photoelectron angular distributions on the direction of propagation of the ionizing radiation. It results from an interplay of nondipole effects, on one hand, and molecular effects, on the other. The nondipole effects lead to an increase of the emission probability in the forward direction along the light propagation, and the photoelectron wave being scattered by the molecular potential gives rise to a strong peak in the direction of the atom neighboring the emitter site. These effects can either conspire or extenuate each other, depending on the photoelectron emission direction and molecular orientation in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Rezvan
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - K Klyssek
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - S Grundmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - A Pier
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N M Novikovskiy
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - N Strenger
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - D Tsitsonis
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M Kircher
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - I Vela-Peréz
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - K Fehre
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - F Trinter
- FS-PETRA-S, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, J. W. Goethe-Universität, Max-von-Laue-Straße 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ph V Demekhin
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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