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Shiravi H, Gupta A, Ortiz BR, Cui S, Yu B, Uykur E, Tsirlin AA, Wilson SD, Sun Z, Ni GX. Plasmons in the Kagome metal CsV 3Sb 5. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5389. [PMID: 38918440 PMCID: PMC11199534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasmon polaritons, or plasmons, are coupled oscillations of electrons and electromagnetic fields that can confine the latter into deeply subwavelength scales, enabling novel polaritonic devices. While plasmons have been extensively studied in normal metals or semimetals, they remain largely unexplored in correlated materials. In this paper, we report infrared (IR) nano-imaging of thin flakes of CsV3Sb5, a prototypical layered Kagome metal. We observe propagating plasmon waves in real-space with wavelengths tunable by the flake thickness. From their frequency-momentum dispersion, we infer the out-of-plane dielectric functionϵ c that is generally difficult to obtain in conventional far-field optics, and elucidate signatures of electronic correlations when compared to density functional theory (DFT). We propose correlation effects might have switched the real part ofϵ c from negative to positive values over a wide range of middle-IR frequencies, transforming the surface plasmons into hyperbolic bulk plasmons, and have dramatically suppressed their dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shiravi
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - B R Ortiz
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - S Cui
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - B Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - E Uykur
- Physikalisches Institut, Universit¨at Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - A A Tsirlin
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid-State Physics, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S D Wilson
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Z Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
| | - G X Ni
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA.
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
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2
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Zhou H, Li D, Ren Z, Xu C, Wang LF, Lee C. Surface plasmons-phonons for mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado3179. [PMID: 38809968 PMCID: PMC11135386 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado3179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Surface plasmons have proven their ability to boost the sensitivity of mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging by enhancing light-matter interactions. Surface phonons, a counterpart technology to plasmons, present unclear contributions to hyperspectral imaging. Here, we investigate this by developing a plasmon-phonon hyperspectral imaging system that uses asymmetric cross-shaped nanoantennas composed of stacked plasmon-phonon materials. The phonon modes within this system, controlled by light polarization, capture molecular refractive index intensity and lineshape features, distinct from those observed with plasmons, enabling more precise and sensitive molecule identification. In a deep learning-assisted imaging demonstration of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), phonons exhibit enhanced identification capabilities (230,400 spectra/s), facilitating the de-overlapping and observation of the spatial distribution of two mixed SARS-CoV spike proteins. In addition, the plasmon-phonon system demonstrates increased identification accuracy (93%), heightened sensitivity, and enhanced detection limits (down to molecule monolayers). These findings extend phonon polaritonics to hyperspectral imaging, promising applications in imaging-guided molecule screening and pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Dongxiao Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Zhihao Ren
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Cheng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Lin-Fa Wang
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- NUS Suzhou Research Institute (NUSRI), Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
- NUS Graduate School–Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
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Teng H, Chen N, Hu H, García de Abajo FJ, Dai Q. Steering and cloaking of hyperbolic polaritons at deep-subwavelength scales. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4463. [PMID: 38796473 PMCID: PMC11127984 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48318-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polaritons are well-established carriers of light, electrical signals, and even heat at the nanoscale in the setting of on-chip devices. However, the goal of achieving practical polaritonic manipulation over small distances deeply below the light diffraction limit remains elusive. Here, we implement nanoscale polaritonic in-plane steering and cloaking in a low-loss atomically layered van der Waals (vdW) insulator, α-MoO3, comprising building blocks of customizable stacked and assembled structures. Each block contributes specific characteristics that allow us to steer polaritons along the desired trajectories. Our results introduce a natural materials-based approach for the comprehensive manipulation of nanoscale optical fields, advancing research in the vdW polaritonics domain and on-chip nanophotonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchao Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Na Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hai Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels (Barcelona), 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China.
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4
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Xin W, Zhong W, Shi Y, Shi Y, Jing J, Xu T, Guo J, Liu W, Li Y, Liang Z, Xin X, Cheng J, Hu W, Xu H, Liu Y. Low-Dimensional-Materials-Based Photodetectors for Next-Generation Polarized Detection and Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306772. [PMID: 37661841 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The vector characteristics of light and the vectorial transformations during its transmission lay a foundation for polarized photodetection of objects, which broadens the applications of related detectors in complex environments. With the breakthrough of low-dimensional materials (LDMs) in optics and electronics over the past few years, the combination of these novel LDMs and traditional working modes is expected to bring new development opportunities in this field. Here, the state-of-the-art progress of LDMs, as polarization-sensitive components in polarized photodetection and even the imaging, is the main focus, with emphasis on the relationship between traditional working principle of polarized photodetectors (PPs) and photoresponse mechanisms of LDMs. Particularly, from the view of constitutive equations, the existing works are reorganized, reclassified, and reviewed. Perspectives on the opportunities and challenges are also discussed. It is hoped that this work can provide a more general overview in the use of LDMs in this field, sorting out the way of related devices for "more than Moore" or even the "beyond Moore" research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Weiheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yujie Shi
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yimeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Jiawei Jing
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Tengfei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yuanzheng Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Zhongzhu Liang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Xing Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Jinluo Cheng
- GPL Photonics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130033, China
| | - Weida Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200083, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
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5
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Schultz JF, Krylyuk S, Schwartz JJ, Davydov AV, Centrone A. Isotopic effects on in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons in MoO 3. NANOPHOTONICS 2024; 13:10.1515/nanoph-2023-0717. [PMID: 38846933 PMCID: PMC11155493 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs), hybrids of light and lattice vibrations in polar dielectric crystals, empower nanophotonic applications by enabling the confinement and manipulation of light at the nanoscale. Molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) is a naturally hyperbolic material, meaning that its dielectric function deterministically controls the directional propagation of in-plane HPhPs within its reststrahlen bands. Strategies such as substrate engineering, nano- and heterostructuring, and isotopic enrichment are being developed to alter the intrinsic die ectric functions of natural hyperbolic materials and to control the confinement and propagation of HPhPs. Since isotopic disorder can limit phonon-based processes such as HPhPs, here we synthesize isotopically enriched 92MoO3 (92Mo: 99.93 %) and 100MoO3 (100Mo: 99.01 %) crystals to tune the properties and dispersion of HPhPs with respect to natural α-MoO3, which is composed of seven stable Mo isotopes. Real-space, near-field maps measured with the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique enable comparisons of inplane HPhPs in α-MoO3 and isotopically enriched analogues within a reststrahlen band (≈820 cm-1 to ≈ 972 cm-1). Results show that isotopic enrichment (e.g., 92MoO3 and 100MoO3) alters the dielectric function, shifting the HPhP dispersion (HPhP angular wavenumber × thickness vs IR frequency) by ≈-7% and ≈ +9 %, respectively, and changes the HPhP group velocities by ≈ ±12 %, while the lifetimes (≈ 3 ps) in 92MoO3 were found to be slightly improved (≈ 20 %). The latter improvement is attributed to a decrease in isotopic disorder. Altogether, isotopic enrichment was found to offer fine control over the properties that determine the anisotropic in-plane propagation of HPhPs in α-MoO3, which is essential to its implementation in nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy F. Schultz
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Sergiy Krylyuk
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Schwartz
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA; and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Albert V. Davydov
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Andrea Centrone
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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6
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Lv H, Bai Y, Zhang Q, Yang Y. Flatband polaritonic router in twisted bilayer van der Waals materials. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4073-4076. [PMID: 37527121 DOI: 10.1364/ol.496630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, van der Waals (vdW) polaritons excited by the hybrid of matter and photons have shown great promise for applications in nanoimaging, biosensing, and on-chip light guiding. In particular, polaritons with a flatband dispersion allow for mode canalization and diffractionless propagation, which showcase advantages for on-chip technologies requiring long-range transportation of optical information. Here, we propose a flatband polaritonic router based on twisted α-MoO3 bilayers, which allows for on-chip routing of highly confined and low-loss phonon polaritons (PhPs) along multichannel propagating paths under different circular polarized dipole excitations. Our work combines flatband physics and optical spin- orbit coupling, with potential applications in nanoscale light propagation, on-chip optical switching, and communication.
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7
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Lv J, Wu Y, Liu J, Gong Y, Si G, Hu G, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Tang JX, Fuhrer MS, Chen H, Maier SA, Qiu CW, Ou Q. Hyperbolic polaritonic crystals with configurable low-symmetry Bloch modes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3894. [PMID: 37393303 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39543-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Photonic crystals (PhCs) are a kind of artificial structures that can mold the flow of light at will. Polaritonic crystals (PoCs) made from polaritonic media offer a promising route to controlling nano-light at the subwavelength scale. Conventional bulk PhCs and recent van der Waals PoCs mainly show highly symmetric excitation of Bloch modes that closely rely on lattice orders. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a type of hyperbolic PoCs with configurable and low-symmetry deep-subwavelength Bloch modes that are robust against lattice rearrangement in certain directions. This is achieved by periodically perforating a natural crystal α-MoO3 that hosts in-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons. The mode excitation and symmetry are controlled by the momentum matching between reciprocal lattice vectors and hyperbolic dispersions. We show that the Bloch modes and Bragg resonances of hyperbolic PoCs can be tuned through lattice scales and orientations while exhibiting robust properties immune to lattice rearrangement in the hyperbolic forbidden directions. Our findings provide insights into the physics of hyperbolic PoCs and expand the categories of PhCs, with potential applications in waveguiding, energy transfer, biosensing and quantum nano-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Lv
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110004, China
- School of Control Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, 066004, China
| | - Yingjie Wu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China.
| | - Jingying Liu
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Youning Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Guangyuan Si
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, 3168, VIC, Australia
| | - Guangwei Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Michael S Fuhrer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Hongsheng Chen
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Stefan A Maier
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore.
| | - Qingdong Ou
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, 999078, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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8
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Lu G, Pan Z, Gubbin CR, Kowalski RA, De Liberato S, Li D, Caldwell JD. Launching and Manipulation of Higher-Order In-Plane Hyperbolic Phonon Polaritons in Low-Dimensional Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300301. [PMID: 36892954 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) are stimulated by coupling infrared (IR) photons with the polar lattice vibrations. Such HPhPs offer low-loss, highly confined light propagation at subwavelength scales with out-of-plane or in-plane hyperbolic wavefronts. For HPhPs, while a hyperbolic dispersion implies multiple propagating modes with a distribution of wavevectors at a given frequency, so far it has been challenging to experimentally launch and probe the higher-order modes that offer stronger wavelength compression, especially for in-plane HPhPs. In this work, the experimental observation of higher-order in-plane HPhP modes stimulated on a 3C-SiC nanowire (NW)/α-MoO3 heterostructure is reported where leveraging both the low-dimensionality and low-loss nature of the polar NWs, higher-order HPhPs modes within 2D α-MoO3 crystal are launched by the 1D 3C-SiC NW. The launching mechanism is further studied and the requirements for efficiently launching of such higher-order modes are determined. In addition, by altering the geometric orientation between the 3C-SiC NW and α-MoO3 crystal, the manipulation of higher-order HPhP dispersions as a method of tuning is demonstrated. This work illustrates an extremely anisotropic low dimensional heterostructure platform to confine and configure electromagnetic waves at the deep-subwavelength scales for a range of IR applications including sensing, nano-imaging, and on-chip photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Zhiliang Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Christopher R Gubbin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ryan A Kowalski
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Simone De Liberato
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA
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9
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He M, Hoogendoorn L, Dixit S, Pan Z, Lu G, Diaz-Granados K, Li D, Caldwell JD. Guided Polaritons along the Forbidden Direction in MoO 3 with Geometrical Confinement. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37235534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Highly anisotropic materials show great promise for spatial control and the manipulation of polaritons. In-plane hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) supported by α-phase molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) allow for wave propagation with a high directionality due to the hyperbola-shaped isofrequency contour (IFC). However, the IFC prohibits propagations along the [001] axis, hindering information or energy flow. Here, we illustrate a novel approach to manipulating the HPhP propagation direction. We experimentally demonstrate that geometrical confinement in the [100] axis can guide HPhPs along the forbidden direction with phase velocity becoming negative. We further developed an analytical model to provide insights into this transition. Moreover, as the guided HPhPs are formed in-plane, modal profiles were directly imaged to further expand our understanding of the formation of HPhPs. Our work reveals a possibility for manipulating HPhPs and paves the way for promising applications in metamaterials, nanophotonics, and quantum optics based on natural van der Waals materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
| | - Levi Hoogendoorn
- Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, Vanderbilt Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering (VINSE), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
- Integrated Science Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Saurabh Dixit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
| | - Zhiliang Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
| | - Guanyu Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
| | - Katja Diaz-Granados
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
| | - Joshua D Caldwell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240, USA
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10
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Jia G, Xue W, Jia Z, Schubert M. Giant photonic spin Hall effect induced by hyperbolic shear polaritons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:11245-11252. [PMID: 37051918 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, broken symmetry within crystals has been attracting tremendous research interest since it can be utilized to effectively manipulate the propagation of photons. In particular, low-symmetry Bravais crystals can support hyperbolic shear polaritons (HShPs), holding great promise for technological upgrading in the emerging research area of spinoptics. Herein, an Otto-type multilayer structure consisting of a KRS5 prism, a sensing medium, and monoclinic β-Ga2O3 crystals is designed to ameliorate the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE). The surface of β-Ga2O3 is the monoclinic (010) plane (x-y plane). We show that giant spin Hall shifts with three (or two) orders of magnitude of the incident wavelength can be obtained in the in-plane (or transverse) directions. The azimuthal dispersions of photonic spin Hall shifts present non-mirror-symmetric patterns upon tuning the rotation angle of β-Ga2O3 around the z-axis in the plane. All of these exotic optical properties are closely correlated with the broken crystal lattice symmetry and the incurred excitation of HShPs in monoclinic β-Ga2O3 crystals. By virtue of the remarkably enhanced PSHE, our proposed Otto-type multilayer structure shows a superior biosensing performance in which the maximum sensitivity is two orders of magnitude larger than that of previously reported PSHE biosensors based on two-dimensional materials. In addition, the optimized physical and structural parameters including the incident angle, excitation wavelength, azimuth angle and doping concentration of β-Ga2O3, thickness and refractive index of sensing medium are also investigated and presented. This work unequivocally confirms the strong influence of crystal symmetry on the PSHE, providing important insights into understanding the rich modulation of spin-orbit interactions of light via shear polaritons and therefore facilitating potential applications in photoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyi Jia
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China.
| | - Wenxuan Xue
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China.
| | - Zhenxin Jia
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China.
| | - Mathias Schubert
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA.
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Guo X, Lyu W, Chen T, Luo Y, Wu C, Yang B, Sun Z, García de Abajo FJ, Yang X, Dai Q. Polaritons in Van der Waals Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2201856. [PMID: 36121344 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
2D monolayers supporting a wide variety of highly confined plasmons, phonon polaritons, and exciton polaritons can be vertically stacked in van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) with controlled constituent layers, stacking sequence, and even twist angles. vdWHs combine advantages of 2D material polaritons, rich optical structure design, and atomic scale integration, which have greatly extended the performance and functions of polaritons, such as wide frequency range, long lifetime, ultrafast all-optical modulation, and photonic crystals for nanoscale light. Here, the state of the art of 2D material polaritons in vdWHs from the perspective of design principles and potential applications is reviewed. Some fundamental properties of polaritons in vdWHs are initially discussed, followed by recent discoveries of plasmons, phonon polaritons, exciton polaritons, and their hybrid modes in vdWHs. The review concludes with a perspective discussion on potential applications of these polaritons such as nanophotonic integrated circuits, which will benefit from the intersection between nanophotonics and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tinghan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering and QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - F Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, Barcelona, 08860, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Low symmetric sub-wavelength array enhanced lensless polarization-sensitivity photodetector of germanium selenium. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:173-179. [PMID: 36653218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive photodetectors, with the ability of identifying the texture-, stress-, and roughness-induced light polarization state variation, displace unique advantages in the fields of national security, medical diagnosis, and aerospace. The utilization of in-plane anisotropic two-dimensional (2D) materials has led the polarization photodetector into a polarizer-free regime, and facilitated the miniaturization of optoelectronic device integration. However, the insufficient polarization ratio (usually less than 10) restricts the detection resolution of polarized signals. Here, we designed a sub-wavelength array (SWA) structure of 2D germanium selenium (GeSe) to further improve its anisotropic sensitivity, which boosts the polarized photocurrent ratio from 1.6 to 18. This enhancement comes from the combination of nano-scale arrays with atomic-scale lattice arrangement at the low-symmetric direction, while the polarization-sensitive photoresponse along the high-symmetric direction is strongly suppressed due to the SWA-caused depolarization effect. Our mechanism study revealed that the SWA can improve the asymmetry of charge distribution, attenuate the matrix element in zigzag direction, and the localized surface plasma, which elevates the photo absorption and photoelectric transition probability along the armchair direction, therefore accounts for the enhanced polarization sensitivity. In addition, the photodetector based on GeSe SWA exhibited a broad power range of 40 dB at a near-infrared wavelength of 808 nm and the ability of weak-light detection under 0.1 LUX of white light (two orders of magnitude smaller than pristine 2D GeSe). This work provides a feasible guideline to improve the polarization sensitivity of 2D materials, and will greatly benefit the development of polarized imaging sensors.
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