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Fu X, Cheng W, Wan G, Yang Z, Tee BCK. Toward an AI Era: Advances in Electronic Skins. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39198214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skins (e-skins) have seen intense research and rapid development in the past two decades. To mimic the capabilities of human skin, a multitude of flexible/stretchable sensors that detect physiological and environmental signals have been designed and integrated into functional systems. Recently, researchers have increasingly deployed machine learning and other artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to mimic the human neural system for the processing and analysis of sensory data collected by e-skins. Integrating AI has the potential to enable advanced applications in robotics, healthcare, and human-machine interfaces but also presents challenges such as data diversity and AI model robustness. In this review, we first summarize the functions and features of e-skins, followed by feature extraction of sensory data and different AI models. Next, we discuss the utilization of AI in the design of e-skin sensors and address the key topic of AI implementation in data processing and analysis of e-skins to accomplish a range of different tasks. Subsequently, we explore hardware-layer in-skin intelligence before concluding with an analysis of the challenges and opportunities in the various aspects of AI-enabled e-skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Guanxiang Wan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Zijie Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation & Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119276, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore 138634, Singapore
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2
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Zhang Y, Zheng XT, Zhang X, Pan J, Thean AVY. Hybrid Integration of Wearable Devices for Physiological Monitoring. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39189683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Wearable devices can provide timely, user-friendly, non- or minimally invasive, and continuous monitoring of human health. Recently, multidisciplinary scientific communities have made significant progress regarding fully integrated wearable devices such as sweat wearable sensors, saliva sensors, and wound sensors. However, the translation of these wearables into markets has been slow due to several reasons associated with the poor system-level performance of integrated wearables. The wearability consideration for wearable devices compromises many properties of the wearables. Besides, the limited power capacity of wearables hinders continuous monitoring for extended duration. Furthermore, peak-power operations for intensive computations can quickly create thermal issues in the compact form factor that interfere with wearability and sensor operations. Moreover, wearable devices are constantly subjected to environmental, mechanical, chemical, and electrical interferences and variables that can invalidate the collected data. This generates the need for sophisticated data analytics to contextually identify, include, and exclude data points per multisensor fusion to enable accurate data interpretation. This review synthesizes the challenges surrounding the wearable device integration from three aspects in terms of hardware, energy, and data, focuses on a discussion about hybrid integration of wearable devices, and seeks to provide comprehensive guidance for designing fully functional and stable wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Jieming Pan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
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3
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Punnoy P, Siripongpreda T, Henry CS, Rodthongkum N, Potiyaraj P. Novel theranostic wounds dressing based on pH responsive alginate hydrogel/graphene oxide/levofloxacin modified silk. Int J Pharm 2024; 661:124406. [PMID: 38955240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Integrating pH sensor with controlled antibiotic release is fabricated on silk to create a theranostic wound dressing. Alginate (ALG) hydrogel and graphene oxide (GO) loaded with levofloxacin (LVX) and a pH indicator are applied to fabricate a pH-responsive theranostic wound dressing. The modified silk color changes from yellow to green in response to elevated skin pH, indicating the skin infection. The semi-quantitative analysis was conducted using ImageJ, revealing significant color changes across the wide range. At elevated pH levels, the ionization of the COOH bonds within ALG induces repulsion among the COO- groups, thereby accelerating the release of the incorporated drug compared to release under lower pH. At an infected pH of 8, ALG hydrogel triggers LVX releasing up to 135.86 ± 0.3 µg, while at a normal pH of 7, theranostic silk releases 123.13 ± 0.26 µg. Incorporating GO onto silk fibers enhances LVX loading and sustains LVX release. Furthermore, these modified silks possess antimicrobial abilities without causing irritation or allergies on the human skin. This theranostic silks represents a major step forward in smart wound care, introducing a versatile platform of smart wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornchanok Punnoy
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tatiya Siripongpreda
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Nadnudda Rodthongkum
- Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
| | - Pranut Potiyaraj
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Soi Chula12, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Responsive Wearable Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand.
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4
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Zheng Z, Zhu R, Peng I, Xu Z, Jiang Y. Wearable and implantable biosensors: mechanisms and applications in closed-loop therapeutic systems. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 39138981 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00782d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
This review article examines the current state of wearable and implantable biosensors, offering an overview of their biosensing mechanisms and applications. We also delve into integrating these biosensors with therapeutic systems, discussing their operational principles and incorporation into closed-loop devices. Biosensing strategies are broadly categorized into chemical sensing for biomarker detection, physical sensing for monitoring physiological conditions such as pressure and temperature, and electrophysiological sensing for capturing bioelectrical activities. The discussion extends to recent developments in drug delivery and electrical stimulation devices to highlight their significant role in closed-loop therapy. By integrating with therapeutic devices, biosensors enable the modulation of treatment regimens based on real-time physiological data. This capability enhances the patient-specificity of medical interventions, an essential aspect of personalized healthcare. Recent innovations in integrating biosensors and therapeutic devices have led to the introduction of closed-loop wearable and implantable systems capable of achieving previously unattainable therapeutic outcomes. These technologies represent a significant leap towards dynamic, adaptive therapies that respond in real-time to patients' physiological states, offering a level of accuracy and effectiveness that is particularly beneficial for managing chronic conditions. This review also addresses the challenges associated with biosensor technologies. We also explore the prospects of these technologies to address their potential to transform disease management with more targeted and personalized treatment solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Zheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Runjin Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Ian Peng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Zitong Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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5
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He W, Kong S, Lin R, Xie Y, Zheng S, Yin Z, Huang X, Su L, Zhang X. Machine Learning Assists in the Design and Application of Microneedles. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:469. [PMID: 39194448 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9080469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs), characterized by their micron-sized sharp tips, can painlessly penetrate the skin and have shown significant potential in disease treatment and biosensing. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), the design and application of MNs have experienced substantial innovation aided by machine learning (ML). This review begins with a brief introduction to the concept of ML and its current stage of development. Subsequently, the design principles and fabrication methods of MNs are explored, demonstrating the critical role of ML in optimizing their design and preparation. Integration between ML and the applications of MNs in therapy and sensing were further discussed. Finally, we outline the challenges and prospects of machine learning-assisted MN technology, aiming to advance its practical application and development in the field of smart diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing He
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Suixiu Kong
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Rumin Lin
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yuanting Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ziyu Yin
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Lei Su
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nano-Biosensing Technology, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Health Science Innovation Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen 518000, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nano-Biosensing Technology, Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Health Science Innovation Center, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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6
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Liu Z, Song H, Lin G, Zhong W, Zhang Y, Yang A, Liu Y, Duan J, Zhou Y, Jiao K, Ding D, Feng Y, Yue J, Zhao W, Lin X. Wireless Intelligent Patch for Closed-loop In Situ Wound Management. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400451. [PMID: 38828672 PMCID: PMC11304288 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Wound infections pose a major healthcare issue, affecting the well-being of millions of patients worldwide. Effective intervention and on-site detection are important in wound management. However, current approaches are hindered by time-consuming analysis and a lack of technology for real-time monitoring and prompt therapy delivery. In this study, a smart wound patch system (SWPS) designed for wireless closed-loop and in-situ wound management is presented. The SWPS integrates a microfluidic structure, an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based sensor, an electrical stimulation module, and a miniaturized flexible printed circuit board (FPCB). The OECT incorporates a bacteria-responsive DNA hydrogel-coated gate for continuous monitoring of bacterial virulence at wound sites. Real-time detection of OECT readings and on-demand delivery of electrical cues to accelerate wound healing is facilitated by a mobile phone application linked with an FPCB containing low-power electronics equipped with parallel sensing and stimulation circuitry. In this proof-of-concept study, the functionality of the SWPS is validated and its application both in vitro and in vivo is demonstrated. This proposed system expands the arsenal of tools available for effective wound management and enables personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Hao Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Guanming Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Weicong Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory DiseasesSchool of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Anqi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Junhan Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Yajing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Kangjian Jiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Donghai Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Yanwen Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Jun Yue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory DiseasesSchool of MedicineShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
| | - Xudong Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical InstrumentSchool of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityShenzhen518000China
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7
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Yang X, Chen W, Fan Q, Chen J, Chen Y, Lai F, Liu H. Electronic Skin for Health Monitoring Systems: Properties, Functions, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402542. [PMID: 38754914 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), a skin-like wearable electronic device, holds great promise in the fields of telemedicine and personalized healthcare because of its good flexibility, biocompatibility, skin conformability, and sensing performance. E-skin can monitor various health indicators of the human body in real time and over the long term, including physical indicators (exercise, respiration, blood pressure, etc.) and chemical indicators (saliva, sweat, urine, etc.). In recent years, the development of various materials, analysis, and manufacturing technologies has promoted significant development of e-skin, laying the foundation for the application of next-generation wearable medical technologies and devices. Herein, the properties required for e-skin health monitoring devices to achieve long-term and precise monitoring and summarize several detectable indicators in the health monitoring field are discussed. Subsequently, the applications of integrated e-skin health monitoring systems are reviewed. Finally, current challenges and future development directions in this field are discussed. This review is expected to generate great interest and inspiration for the development and improvement of e-skin and health monitoring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yang
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Wenzheng Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Qunfu Fan
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Jing Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Yujie Chen
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Feili Lai
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 00240, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Dee-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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Deng J, Hu M, Cai Z, Yu W, Zhan L, Zhu X, Ke Q, Gao R, Zhou X, Liu H, Li J, Huang C. A Highly Stable, Multifunctional Janus Dressing for Treating Infected Wounds. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401345. [PMID: 38973206 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The limited and unstable absorption of excess exudate is a major challenge during the healing of infected wounds. In this study, a highly stable, multifunctional Janus dressing with unidirectional exudate transfer capacity is fabricated based on a single poly(lactide caprolactone) (PLCL). The success of this method relies on an acid hydrolysis reaction that transforms PLCL fibers from hydrophobic to hydrophilic in situ. The resulting interfacial affinity between the hydrophilic/phobic PLCL fibers endows the Janus structure with excellent unidirectional liquid transfer and high structural stability against repeated stretching, bending, and twisting. Various other functions, including wound status detection, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, are also integrated into the dressing by incorporating phenol red and epigallocatechin gallate. An in vivo methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound model confirms that the Janus dressing, with the capability to remove exudate from the infected site, not only facilitates epithelialization and collagen deposition, but also ensures low inflammation and high angiogenesis, thus reaching an ideal closure rate up to 98.4% on day 14. The simple structure, multiple functions, and easy fabrication of the dressing may offer a promising strategy for treating chronic wounds, rooted in the challenges of bacterial infection, excessive exudate, and persistent inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixia Deng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Miao Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, China
| | - Zhuyun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Lei Zhan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xueying Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Qinfei Ke
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Honggang Liu
- Tiansheng Nonwoven Technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, 321035, China
| | - Juan Li
- Tiansheng Nonwoven Technology Co., Ltd, Zhejiang, 321035, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Advanced Textiles, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Lu F, Zlobina K, Rondoni NA, Teymoori S, Gomez M. Enhancing wound healing through deep reinforcement learning for optimal therapeutics. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:240228. [PMID: 39086835 PMCID: PMC11289634 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.240228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Finding the optimal treatment strategy to accelerate wound healing is of utmost importance, but it presents a formidable challenge owing to the intrinsic nonlinear nature of the process. We propose an adaptive closed-loop control framework that incorporates deep learning, optimal control and reinforcement learning to accelerate wound healing. By adaptively learning a linear representation of nonlinear wound healing dynamics using deep learning and interactively training a deep reinforcement learning agent for tracking the optimal signal derived from this representation without the need for intricate mathematical modelling, our approach has not only successfully reduced the wound healing time by 45.56% compared to the one without any treatment, but also demonstrates the advantages of offering a safer and more economical treatment strategy. The proposed methodology showcases a significant potential for expediting wound healing by effectively integrating perception, predictive modelling and optimal adaptive control, eliminating the need for intricate mathematical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lu
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ksenia Zlobina
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Rondoni
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Sam Teymoori
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Marcella Gomez
- Applied Mathematics, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
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10
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Huang XS, Huang S, Zheng ST, Liang BM, Zhang T, Yue W, Liu FM, Shi P, Xie X, Chen HJ. Fabrication of Multiple-Channel Electrochemical Microneedle Electrode Array via Separated Functionalization and Assembly Method. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:243. [PMID: 38785717 PMCID: PMC11118220 DOI: 10.3390/bios14050243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of physiological indicators inside the body is pivotal for contemporary diagnostics and treatments. Implantable electrodes can not only track specific biomarkers but also facilitate therapeutic interventions. By modifying biometric components, implantable electrodes enable in situ metabolite detection in living tissues, notably beneficial in invasive glucose monitoring, which effectively alleviates the self-blood-glucose-managing burden for patients. However, the development of implantable electrochemical electrodes, especially multi-channel sensing devices, still faces challenges: (1) The complexity of direct preparation hinders functionalized or multi-parameter sensing on a small scale. (2) The fine structure of individual electrodes results in low spatial resolution for sensor functionalization. (3) There is limited conductivity due to simple device structures and weakly conductive electrode materials (such as silicon or polymers). To address these challenges, we developed multiple-channel electrochemical microneedle electrode arrays (MCEMEAs) via a separated functionalization and assembly process. Two-dimensional microneedle (2dMN)-based and one-dimensional microneedle (1dMN)-based electrodes were prepared by laser patterning, which were then modified as sensing electrodes by electrochemical deposition and glucose oxidase decoration to achieve separated functionalization and reduce mutual interference. The electrodes were then assembled into 2dMN- and 1dMN-based multi-channel electrochemical arrays (MCEAs), respectively, to avoid damaging functionalized coatings. In vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that the as-prepared MCEAs exhibit excellent transdermal capability, detection sensitivity, selectivity, and reproducibility, which was capable of real-time, in situ glucose concentration monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Shuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
| | - Shuang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Shan-Tao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
| | - Bao-Ming Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China;
| | - Wan Yue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Fan-Mao Liu
- Division of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation and Vascular Diseases (Sun Yat-sen University), The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China;
| | - Peng Shi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
| | - Hui-Jiuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China (S.H.); (S.-T.Z.); (B.-M.L.)
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11
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Zhang X, Bai M, Ge L, Yao Y. Electrochemical control of the morphological evolution of PEDOT on a Ni-Co(OH) 2/carbon cloth surface to modulate the performance of wearable H 2O 2 sensors. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8162-8176. [PMID: 38572710 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The slow redox rate of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in neutral environments makes the H2O2 sensor inadequate for the detection of low levels of signalling molecules. The aim of this study is to fabricate a flexible sensing electrode by hydrothermally loading micro-nanometer Ni and Co(OH)2 on carbon cloth (CC) and electrochemically depositing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on the surface of the electrode. The sensor presented high sensitivity (10.43 mA mM-1 cm-2), a wide detection range (0.033-120.848 mM), a low detection limit (0.92 nM), high stability, and excellent anti-interference performance in neutral solutions. Ni-Co(OH)2 provides abundant active sites while CC solves their agglomeration phenomenon and conductivity. The PEDOT film offers heightened conductivity, hydrophilicity, interfacial stability, and an electrochemically active surface area (ECSA). The side area of the chrysanthemum petal like PEDOT is 39 ± 7 times the bottom area, and PEDOT increases the ECSA of the composite to six times that of CC. Electrochemical precise control of PEDOT morphology to improve sensor performance provides a new strategy for the application of PEDOT in sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmeng Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Mingyue Bai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Lei Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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12
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Cheng Y, Zhu M, Chi M, Lai Y, Li B, Qian R, Chen Z, Zhao G. MXene/TPU Hybrid Fabrics Enable Smart Wound Management and Thermoresponsive Drug Delivery. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38597358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive wound dressings with real-time monitoring and on-demand drug delivery have gained significant attention recently. However, such smart systems with stable temperature adjustment and drug release control are still lacking. Here, a novel smart fabric is designed for wound management with thermoresponsive drug delivery and simultaneously temperature monitoring. The triple layers of the fabrics are composed of the drug-loaded thermoresponsive nanofiber film, the MXene-optimized joule heating film, and the FPCB control chip. The precise and stable temperature stimulation can be easily achieved by applying a low voltage (0-4 V) to the heating film, achieving the temperature control ranging from 25 to 130 °C. And the temperature of the wound region can be monitored and adjusted in real time, demonstrating an accurate and low-voltage joule heating capability. Based on that, the drug-loaded film achieved precise thermoresponsive drug release and obtained significant antibacterial effects in vitro. The in vivo experiments also proved the hybrid fabric system with a notable antibacterial effect and accelerated wound healing process (about 30% faster than the conventional gauze group).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengfei Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengqiao Chi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yulin Lai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rui Qian
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhongrong Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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13
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Huang D, Du J, Luo F, He G, Zou M, Wang Y, Lin Z, Wu D, Weng Z. Injectable Hydrogels with Integrated Ph Probes and Ultrasound-Responsive Microcapsules as Smart Wound Dressings for Visual Monitoring and On-Demand Treatment of Chronic Wounds. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303379. [PMID: 38211342 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel dressings capable of infection monitoring and precise treatment administration show promise for advanced wound care. Existing methods involve embedd ingorganic dyes or flexible electronics into preformed hydrogels, which raise safety issues and adaptability challenges. In this study, an injectable hydrogel based smart wound dressing is developed by integrating food-derived anthocyanidin as a visual pH probe for infection monitoring and poly(L-lactic acid) microcapsules as ultrasound-responsive delivery systems for antibiotics into a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel. This straightforwardly prepared hydrogel dressing maintains its favorable properties for wound repair, including porous morphology and excellent biocompatibility. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the hydrogel enabled visual assessment of pH within the range of 5 ∼ 9.Meanwhile, the release of antibiotics could be triggered and controlled by ultrasound. In vivo evaluations using infected wounds and diabetic wounds revealed that the wound dressing effectively detected wound infection by monitoring pH levels and achieved antibacterial effects through ultrasound-triggered drug release. This led to significantly enhanced wound healing, as validated by histological analysis and the measurement of inflammatory cytokine levels. This injectable hydrogel-based smart wound dressing holds great potential for use in clinical settings to inform timely and precise clinical intervention and in community to improve wound care management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Jiahao Du
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Fang Luo
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Gang He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Minglang Zou
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Zhenyu Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection for Food Safety, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Decheng Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zuquan Weng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Department of Plastic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350005, China
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14
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Zhu P, You T, Wang Y, Ma M, Ye S, Liu S. A Cysteine-Maleimide-Based Design for Hemostatic, Antibacterial, and Biodegradable Wound Dressing. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:203-213. [PMID: 38343092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The field of clinical surgery frequently encounters challenges related to atypical wound tissue healing, resulting in the development of persistent chronic wounds or aesthetically displeasing scar tissue. The use of wound dressings crafted from mussel adhesive proteins and hyaluronic acid has demonstrated the potential in mitigating these undesirable outcomes. However, the synergistic effects of these two biomaterials remain underexplored. In this study, we have engineered a versatile, degradable, and biocompatible dressing that comprises recombinant 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-modified mussel adhesive proteins and maleimide-functionalized hyaluronic acid. We have successfully fabricated this biocompatible dressing and conducted comprehensive experimental assessments to confirm its hemostatic, antibacterial, and biocompatible characteristics. Importantly, this dressing exclusively incorporates biologically derived materials characterized by low toxicity and minimal immunogenicity, thus holding immense promise for clinical applications in the field of wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tianjie You
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Mingxue Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Si Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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15
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Horta-Velázquez A, Mota-Morales JD, Morales-Narváez E. Next-generation of smart dressings: Integrating multiplexed sensors and theranostic functions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127737. [PMID: 38287589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Non-healing wounds represent a significant burden for healthcare systems and society, giving rise to severe economic and human issues. Currently, the use of dressings and visual assessment represent the primary and standard care for wounds. Conventional dressings, like cotton gauze, provide only passive physical protection. Besides, they end up paradoxically hampering the wound-healing process by producing tissue damage and pain when removed during routine check-ups. In response to these limitations, researchers, engineers, and technologists are developing innovative dressings that incorporate advanced diagnostic and therapeutic functionalities, coined as "smart dressings". Now, the maturation of smart dressing is bringing them closer to real-life applications, leading to an exciting new generation of these devices. The next generation of smart dressings is capable of monitoring in real-time multiple biomarkers while including pro-healing capabilities in a single platform. Such multiplexed and theranostic smart dressings are expected to offer a timely biomarker-directed diagnosis of non-healing wounds while enabling rapid, automated, and personalized treatments of infection and chronicity. Herein, we provide an insightful overview of these advantageous devices, delving into the diverse spectrum of possible engineering strategies. This encompasses the use of electrochemical and optical platforms with diverse multiplexing architectures, such as multi-zone sensing arrays and multi-layered devices. Open or closed-loop theranostic mechanisms using various stimuli-responsive materials that could be internally or externally controlled are also included. Finally, a critical discussion on the main challenges and future directions of smart dressings is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Josué D Mota-Morales
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CFATA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Eden Morales-Narváez
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada (CFATA), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
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16
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Zheng XT, Goh WP, Yu Y, Sutarlie L, Chen DY, Tan SCL, Jiang C, Zhao M, Ba T, Li H, Su X, Yang L. Skin-Attachable Ink-Dispenser-Printed Paper Fluidic Sensor Patch for Colorimetric Sweat Analysis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302173. [PMID: 37897264 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
In situ analysis of sweat biomarkers potentially provides noninvasive lifestyle monitoring and early diagnosis. Quantitative detection of sweat rate is crucial for thermoregulation and preventing heat injuries. Here, a skin-attachable paper fluidic patch is reported for in situ colorimetric sensing of multiple sweat markers (pH, glucose, lactate, and uric acid) with concurrent sweat rate tracking. Two sets of fluidic patterns-multiplexed detection zones and a longitudinal sweat rate channel-are directly printed by an automated ink dispenser from a specially developed ceramic-based ink. The ceramic ink thermal-cures into an impervious barrier, confining sweat within the channels. The ceramic-ink-printed boundary achieves higher pattern resolution, prevents fluid leakage, attains pattern thermal stability, and resistant to organic solvents. The cellulose matrix of the detection zones is modified with nanoparticles to improve the color homogeneity and sweat sensor sensitivity. The sweat rate channel is made moisture sensitive by incorporating a metal-salt-based dye. The change in saturation/color of the detection zones and/or channels upon sweat addition can be visually detected or quantified by a smartphone camera. A cost-effective way is provided to fabricate paper fluidic sensor patches, successfully demonstrating on-body multiplexed evaluation of sweat analytes. Such skin wearables offer on-site analysis, meaningful to an increasingly health-conscious population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Ting Zheng
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Wei Peng Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yong Yu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Laura Sutarlie
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Der Ying Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sherwin Chong Li Tan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Changyun Jiang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Meng Zhao
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
| | - Te Ba
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis #16-16, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Hongying Li
- Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis #16-16, Singapore, 138632, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xiaodi Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore
| | - Le Yang
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore, 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Republic of Singapore
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17
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Bakshi S, Sahoo PK, Li K, Johnson S, Raxworthy MJ, Krauss TF. Nanophotonic and hydrogel-based diagnostic system for the monitoring of chronic wounds. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115743. [PMID: 37826878 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds present a major healthcare burden, yet most wounds are only assessed superficially, and treatment is rarely based on the analysis of wound biomarkers. This lack of analysis is based on the fact that sampling of wound biomarkers is typically invasive, leading to a disruption of the wound bed while biomarker detection and quantification is performed in a remote laboratory, away from the point of care. Here, we introduce the diagnostic element of a novel theranostic system that can non-invasively sample biomarkers without disrupting the wound and that can perform biomarker quantification at the point of care, on a short timescale. The system is based on a thermally switchable hydrogel scaffold that enhances wound healing through regeneration of the wound tissue and allows the extraction of wound biomarkers non-destructively. We demonstrate the detection of two major biomarkers of wound health, i.e., IL-6 and TNF-α, in human matrix absorbed into the hydrogel dressing. Quantification of the biomarkers directly in the hydrogel is achieved using a chirped guided mode resonant biosensor and we demonstrate biomarker detection within the clinically relevant range of pg/mL to μg/mL concentrations. We also demonstrate the detection of IL-6 and TNF-α at concentration 1 ng/mL in hydrogel dressing absorbed with clinical wound exudate samples. The high sensitivity and the wide dynamic range we demonstrate are both essential for the clinical relevance of our system. Our test makes a major contribution towards the development of a wound theranostic for guided treatment and management of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrishty Bakshi
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Pankaj K Sahoo
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Kezheng Li
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Steven Johnson
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | | | - Thomas F Krauss
- School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK; York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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18
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Youssef K, Ullah A, Rezai P, Hasan A, Amirfazli A. Recent advances in biosensors for real time monitoring of pH, temperature, and oxygen in chronic wounds. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100764. [PMID: 37674780 PMCID: PMC10477692 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic wounds are among the major healthcare issues affecting millions of people worldwide with high rates of morbidity, losses of limbs and mortality. Microbial infection in wounds is a severe problem that can impede healing of chronic wounds. Accurate, timely and early detection of infections, and real time monitoring of various wound healing biomarkers related to infection can be significantly helpful in the treatment and care of chronic wounds. However, clinical methodologies of periodic assessment and care of wounds require physical visit to wound care clinics or hospitals and time-consuming frequent replacement of wound dressing patches, which also often adversely affect the healing process. Besides, frequent replacements of wound dressings are highly expensive, causing a huge amount of burden on the national health care systems. Smart bandages have emerged to provide in situ physiochemical surveillance in real time at the wound site. These bandages integrate smart sensors to detect the condition of wound infection based on various parameters, such as pH, temperature and oxygen level in the wound which reduces the frequency of changing the wound dressings and its associated complications. These devices can continually monitor the healing process, paving the way for tailored therapy and improved quality of patient's life. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances in biosensors for real time monitoring of pH, temperature, and oxygen in chronic wounds in order to assess infection status. We have elaborated the recent progress in quantitative monitoring of several biomarkers important for assessing wounds infection status and its detection using smart biosensors. The review shows that real-time monitoring of wound status by quantifying specific biomarkers, such as pH, temperature and tissue oxygenation to significantly aid the treatment and care of chronic infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Youssef
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Asad Ullah
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Pouya Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, 2713, Qatar
| | - Alidad Amirfazli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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