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Jin B, Wang ZR, Wu YB. Tetracoordinate or tricoordinate? Planar tetracoordinate nitrogen in the NBe4H4- cluster stabilized by multicenter bonds. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054304. [PMID: 38341688 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Realization of planar tetracoordinate arrangements of nitrogen atoms is challenging because their preference for localized bonding (caused by its high electronegativity) makes them typically tricoordinate. This is especially true for the more electronegative oxygen atoms. Herein, we computationally designed two clusters NBe4H4- and OBe4H4; they contain a planar tetracoordinate nitrogen (ptN) and planar tetracoordinate oxygen (ptO) atom, respectively. Remarkably, the former is a dynamically stable global minimum, while the latter is not. The bonding analysis proves that planar tetracoordination in NBe4H4- favors over tricoordination because of the presence of multicenter delocalized bonds. In contrast, the planar tricoordination dominates due to its weak delocalized bonding ability of oxygen in the OBe4H4 cluster. Moreover, the 6σ/2π double aromaticity due to multicenter delocalized bonds allows the NBe4H4- cluster to obtain additional stability. This cluster is a promising synthetic due its dynamic and thermodynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zai-Ran Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou 034000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
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2
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Bai LX, Sun R, Wu YB, Guo JC. CB 4Se 5: a planar tetracoordinate carbon CB 4 core stabilized by peripheral Se/Se 2 bridges. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1341-1344. [PMID: 38197330 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05533g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Replacing one of the peripheral Se with a Se2 bridge is an effective strategy to flatten the C4v CB4Se4 cluster. The global minimum of CB4Se5 contains one fan-shaped planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) CB4 core, possessing double 2π + 6σ aromaticity. The peripheral Se2 bridge is dexterous and crucial for the stability of CB4Se5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Bai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Rui Sun
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Jin-Chang Guo
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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3
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Jin B, Yan M, Feng LY, Miao CQ, Wang YJ. CBe 2 H 5 - : Unprecedented 2σ/2π Double Aromaticity and Dynamic Structural Fluxionality in a Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Cluster. Chemistry 2024:e202304134. [PMID: 38205620 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A 14-electron ternary anionic CBe2 H5 - cluster containing a planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) atom is designed herein. Remarkably, it can be stabilized by only two beryllium atoms with both π-acceptor/σ-donor properties and two hydrogen atoms, which means that the conversion from planar methane (transition state) to ptC species (global minimum) requires the substitution of only two hydrogen atoms. Moreover, two ligand H atoms exhibit alternate rotation, giving rise to interesting dynamic fluxionality in this cluster. The electronic structure analysis reveals the flexible bonding positions of ligand H atoms due to C-H localized bonds, highlighting the rotational fluxionality in the cluster, and two CBe2 3c-2e delocalized bonds endow its rare 2σ/2π double aromaticity. Unprecedentedly, the fluxional process exhibits a conversion in the type of bonding (σ bond↔π bond), which is an uncommon fluxional mechanism. The cluster can be seen as an attempt to apply planar hypercoordinate carbon species to molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin-Yan Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Qing Miao
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, 1 East Dunqi Street, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, People's Republic of China
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4
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Jin B, Guan XL, Yan M, Wang YJ, Wu YB. Planar Hexacoordinate Beryllium: Covalent Bonding Between s-block Metals. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302672. [PMID: 37695132 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Achieving a planar hypercoordinate arrangement of s-block metals through covalent bonding with ligands is challenging due to the strong ionicity involved. Herein, we report the first case of a neutral binary global minimum containing a planar hexacoordinate beryllium atom. The central Be atom is coordinated by six active Be atoms, the latter in turn are enclosed by an equal number of more electronegative chlorine atoms in the periphery, forming a star-like phBe cluster (Be©Be6 Cl6 ). Importantly, the cluster exhibits dynamically stabilized stemming geometrically from the appropriate matching of metal-ligand size and electronically from adherence to the octet rule as well as possessing a 6σ/2π double aromaticity. Remarkably, energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) analysis reveals a significant covalent interaction between the ligand and the central metal beryllium atoms, a fact further supported by a large Wiberg bond index. This cluster is a promising synthetic as its excellent electronic, dynamic and thermodynamic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, P. R. China
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Ling Guan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Miao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Normal University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China
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5
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Gohain N, Bordoloi A, Kalita AJ, Guha AK. Rare Spin Avoided σ-σ Diradical Planar Tetracoordinate Boron Cluster: A Proto-Star for Planar Pentacoordination. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202300101. [PMID: 37409624 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a global planar star-like cluster B3 Li3 featuring three planar tetracoordinate boron centres with a rare spin avoided σ-σ diradical character. The cluster was found to be stable towards dissociation into different fragments. The spin density was found to be localized solely on the three boron atoms in the molecular plane. This spin avoided σ-σ diradical character leads to the extension of the coordination number to yield a neutral B3 Li3 H3 and a cationic B3 Li3 H3 + cluster with three planar pentacoordinate boron centres in their global minimum structures. The planar geometry of the aninonic B3 Li3 H3 - cluster is slightly higher in energy. The planar global clusters were found to maintain planarity in their ligand protected benzene bound complexes, B3 Li3 (Bz)3 , B3 Li3 H3 (Bz)3 and B3 Li3 H3 (Bz)3 + with high ligand dissociation energies offering candidature for experimental detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Gohain
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Abhik Bordoloi
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Cotton University, Panbazar, Guwahati, Assam, INDIA-, 781001
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6
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Wang MH, Kalita AJ, Orozco-Ic M, Yan GR, Chen C, Yan B, Castillo-Toraya G, Tiznado W, Guha AK, Pan S, Merino G, Cui ZH. Planar pentacoordinate s-block metals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8785-8791. [PMID: 37621437 PMCID: PMC10445469 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05939h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of a delocalized π-bond is often considered an essential criterion for achieving planar hypercoordination. Herein, we show that σ-delocalization could be sufficient to make the planar configuration the most stable isomer in a series of planar pentacoordinate s-block metals. High-level ab initio computations reveal that the global minimum of a series of interalkali and interalkali-alkaline earth clusters (LiNa5, Li5Mg+, Na5Mg+, K5Ca+, CaRb5+, Rb5Sr+, and SrCs5+) adopts a singlet D5h structure with a planar pentacoordinate lithium or alkaline earth metal (AE = Mg, Ca, Sr). These clusters are unusual combinations to stabilize a planar pentacoordinate atom, as all their constituents are electropositive. Despite the absence of π-electrons, Hückel's rule is fulfilled by the six σ-electrons. Furthermore, the systems exhibit a diatropic ring current in response to an external magnetic field and a strong magnetic shielding, so they might be classified as σ-aromatic. Therefore, multicenter σ-bonds and the resulting σ-delocalization stabilize these clusters, even though they lack π-aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Amlan J Kalita
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam 781001 India
| | - Mesías Orozco-Ic
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) 20018 Donostia Euskadi Spain
| | - Gai-Ru Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Gabriela Castillo-Toraya
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yucatan Mexico
| | - William Tiznado
- Centro de Química Teórica & Computacional (CQT&C), Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello Avenida República 275 Santiago Chile
| | - Ankur K Guha
- Advanced Computational Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, Cotton University Panbazar Guwahati Assam 781001 India
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex 97310 Mérida Yucatan Mexico
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun 130023 China
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7
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Searching for Systems with Planar Hexacoordinate Carbons. ATOMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms11030056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we present evidence that the D2h M2C50/2+ (M = Li-K, Be-Ca, Al-In, and Zn) species comprises planar hexacoordinate carbon (phC) structures that exhibit four covalent and two electrostatic interactions. These findings have been made possible using evolutionary methods for exploring the potential energy surface (AUTOMATON program) and the Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) methodology, which support the observed bonding interactions. It is worth noting, however, that these structures are not the global minimum. Nonetheless, incorporating two cyclopentadienyl anion ligands (Cp) into the CaC52+ system has enhanced the relative stability of the phC isomer. Moreover, cycloparaphenylene ([8]CPP) provides system protection and kinetic stability. These results indicate that using appropriate ligands presents a promising approach for expanding the chemistry of phC species.
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8
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Yamamoto Y, Shi Y, Masui T, Saito D, Inoue T, Sato H, Dohi C, Muneta E, Shang R, Nakamoto M. Synthesis and Characterization of Hypervalent Pentacoordinate Carbon Compounds Bearing a 7-6-7-Ring Skeleton. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203162. [PMID: 36372771 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To stabilize SN 2 transition state-like penta-coordinate carbon species, triaryl-substituted cationic carbon compounds bearing a moderately flexible 7-6-7-ring skeleton with sulfur donors were synthesized and characterized. Electronic effects of para substituents (R=Cl, F, H, CH3 , SMe, OMe) of the two equatorial aryl groups bound to the cationic central carbon were investigated systematically along with a planar bidentate thioxanthene derivative. X-ray analysis on their solid-state structures showed that the parent (R=H), chloro-, fluoro- and methyl-derivatives were tetracoordinate carbon (sulfonium) structures, while the p-MeO and thioxanthenyl system were pentacoordinate carbocation structures. The Hammett substituent constants for the para substituents (σp + ) correlates well with the bonding in these compounds. The methylthio-derivative with intermediate Hammett substituent constants (p-MeS; σp + =-0.60) showed a tetracooridnate solid-state structure, though solution UV-Vis properties suggested the presence of a penta-coordinate structure. These findings amount to the first unambiguous solution evidence of the hypervalent apical 3c-4e interactions in pentacoordinate carbon compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohsuke Yamamoto
- Graduated School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Yuan Shi
- Graduated School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Masui
- Graduated School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Daigo Saito
- Graduated School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Inoue
- Graduated School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sato
- Graduated School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Chisato Dohi
- Graduated School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Emiko Muneta
- Graduated School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Rong Shang
- Graduated School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakamoto
- Graduated School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi, Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
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9
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Bai LX, Guo JC. σ-Aromatic MAl 6S 6 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) Stars Containing Planar Hexacoordinate Transition Metals. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030942. [PMID: 36770609 PMCID: PMC9920543 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercoordinate transition-metal species are mainly dominated by the 18-valence-electron (18ve) counting. Herein, we report ternary MAl6S6 (M = Ni, Pd, Pt) clusters with the planar hexacoordinate metal (phM) centers, which feature 16ve counting instead of the classic 18ve rule. These global-minimum clusters are established via unbiased global searches, followed by PBE0 and single-point CCSD(T) calculations. The phM MAl6 units are stabilized by six peripheral bridging S atoms in these star-like species. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that there are 10 delocalized electrons around the phM center, which can render the aromaticity according to the (4n + 2) Hückel rule. It is worth noting that adding an (or two) electron(s) to its π-type lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) will make the system unstable.
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10
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Structure and Bonding in Planar Hypercoordinate Carbon Compounds. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The term hypercoordination refers to the extent of the coordination of an element by its normal value. In the hypercoordination sphere, the element can achieve planar and/or non-planar molecular shape. Hence, planar hypercoordinate carbon species violate two structural rules: (i) The highest coordination number of carbon is four and (ii) the tetrahedral orientation by the connected elements and/or groups. The unusual planar orientations are mostly stabilized by the electronic interactions of the central atom with the surrounding ligands. In this review article, we will talk about the current progress in the theoretical prediction of viable planar hypercoordinate carbon compounds. Primary knowledge of the planar hypercoordinate chemistry will lead to its forthcoming expansion. Experimental and theoretical interests in planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC), planar pentacoordinate carbon (ppC), and planar hexacoordinate carbon (phC) are continued. The proposed electronic and mechanical strategies are helpful for the designing of the ptC compounds. Moreover, the 18-valence electron rule can guide the design of new ptC clusters computationally as well as experimentally. However, the counting of 18-valence electrons is not a requisite condition to contain a ptC in a cluster. Furthermore, this ptC idea is expanded to the probability of a greater coordination number of carbon in planar orientations. Unfortunately, until now, there are no such logical approaches to designing ppC, phC, or higher-coordinate carbon molecules/ions. There exist a few global minimum structures of phC clusters identified computationally, but none have been detected experimentally. All planar hypercoordinate carbon species in the global minima may be feasible in the gas phase.
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Lu SJ. B8C10: A C2v planar polycyclic structure bridged by the central strong C C bond and strengthened by the aromaticity. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Liu FL, Guo JC. Ternary CE 2Ba 2 (E = As, Sb) Clusters: New Pentaatomic Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Species with 18 Valence Electrons. J Mol Model 2022; 28:230. [PMID: 35881274 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05229-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
18-valence-electron (ve) rule is one important guide for us to design planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC) species. Using the "polarization of ligands" strategy, the new pentaatomic ptC species CE2Ba2 (E = As, Sb) with 18 ve are designed in this work. Computer structural searches and high-level calculations reveal that the ptC CE2Ba2 (E = As, Sb) species are global minima (GMs) on the potential energy surfaces, whose C center is coordinated by the interspaced E and Ba atoms. CE2Ba2 (E = As, Sb) are also kinetically stable. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that the ptC core is stabilized by two localized C-E σ bonds, one delocalized five-center two-electron (5c-2e) σ bond and one delocalized 5c-2e π bond. One π and three σ bonds collectively conform to the 8-electron counting, which determines the stability of ptC CE2Ba2 (E = As, Sb) species. Interestingly, the delocalized 2π and 2σ electrons render the ptC systems π/σ double aromaticity. Additional 10 electrons contribute to peripheral lone pairs of E and E-Ba bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Lin Liu
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Jin-Chang Guo
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China.
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13
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Qu X, Yang L, Lv J, Xie Y, Yang J, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Chen Z, Ma Y. Particle Swarm Predictions of a SrB 8 Monolayer with 12-Fold Metal Coordination. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11120-11128. [PMID: 35709383 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Materials containing planar hypercoordinate motifs greatly enriched the fundamental understanding of chemical bonding. Herein, by means of first-principles calculations combined with global minimum search, we discovered the two-dimensional (2D) SrB8 monolayer, which has the highest planar coordination number (12) reported so far in extended periodic materials. In the SrB8 monolayer, bridged B8 units are forming the boron monolayer consisting of B12 rings, and the Sr atoms are embedded at the center of these B12 rings, leading to the Sr@B12 motifs. The SrB8 monolayer has good thermodynamic, kinetic, and thermal stabilities, which is attributed to the geometry fit between the size of the Sr atom and cavity of the B12 rings, as well as the electron transfer from Sr atoms to electron-deficient boron network. Placing the SrB8 monolayer on the Ag(001) surface shows good commensurability of the lattices and small vertical structure undulations, suggesting the feasibility of its experimental realization by epitaxial growth. Potential applications of the SrB8 monolayer on metal ions storage (for Li, Na, and K) are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qu
- International Center for Computational Method and Software, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- International Center for Computational Method and Software, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Jian Lv
- International Center for Computational Method and Software, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu Xie
- International Center for Computational Method and Software, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jinghai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Yukai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Preparation and Application of Environmental Friendly Materials, College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- International Center for Computational Method and Software, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
| | - Yanming Ma
- International Center for Computational Method and Software, State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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14
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Kalita AJ, Rohman SS, Kashyap C, Ullah SS, Baruah I, Mazumder LJ, Konwar D, Guha AK. Planar Octacoordinate Aluminium in Dual Aromatic AlBe4N4− Cluster. J CLUST SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-022-02295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Gribanova TN, Minyaev RM, Minkin VI. A new 3D-aromatic organoboron species on the basis of CB6 unit: Two states of carbon hypercoordination and structural isomerism of non-classical forms. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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B6C8 and its anion: a planar dodecagon reinforced by the central strong B−B single bond and aromaticity. Theor Chem Acc 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-022-02885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Zhao LQ, Guo JC, Zhai HJ. Ternary 14-electron XB 2Be 2 (X = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) clusters: a planar tetracoordinate silicon (ptSi) system and its ptGe/Sn/Pb congeners. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7068-7076. [PMID: 35258052 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05226h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A class of ternary 14-electron clusters, XB2Be2 (X = Si, Ge, Sn, Pb), have been computationally predicted with a planar tetracoordinate silicon (ptSi) unit, as well as its heavier ptGe/Sn/Pb congeners. These pentaatomic ptSi/Ge/Sn/Pb species are established as global-minimum structures via computer global searches, followed by electronic structure calculations at the PBE0-D3, B3LYP-D3, and single-point CCSD(T) levels. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that they are also kinetically stable against isomerization or decomposition. Chemical bonding analyses show that the clusters have double 2π/2σ aromaticity. The latter concept underlies the stability of ptSi/Ge/Sn/Pb clusters, overriding the 14-electron count or its variants, such as the 18-electron rule. No sp3 hybridization occurs in these species, which naturally explains why they are ptSi/Ge/Sn/Pb (rather than traditional tetrahedral) systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Qing Zhao
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Jin-Chang Guo
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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18
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Persistent Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon in Global Minima Structures of Silicon-Carbon Clusters. ATOMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported a series of global minima whose structures consist of carbon rings decorated with heavier group 14 elements. Interestingly, these structures feature planar tetracoordinate carbons (ptCs) and result from the replacement of five or six protons (H+) from the cyclopentadienyl anion (C5H5−) or the pentalene dianion (C8H62−) by three or four E2+ dications (E = Si–Pb), respectively. The silicon derivatives of these series are the Si3C5 and Si4C8 clusters. Here we show that ptC persists in some clusters with an equivalent number of C and Si atoms, i.e., Si5C5, Si8C8, and Si9C9. In all these species, the ptC is embedded in a pentagonal C5 ring and participates in a three-center, two-electron (3c-2e) Si-ptC-Si σ-bond. Furthermore, these clusters are π-aromatic species according to chemical bonding analysis and magnetic criteria.
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19
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Sun R, Jin B, Huo B, Yuan C, Zhai HJ, Wu YB. Planar pentacoordinate carbon in a sulphur-surrounded boron wheel: the global minimum of CB 5S 5. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2552-2555. [PMID: 35103735 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07313c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report a σ + π double aromatic CB5S5+ cluster, the first global minimum unusually having a planar hypercoordinate carbon inside a boron wheel. Five peripheral sulfur atoms stabilize the carbon-centered boron wheel by weakening the electron deficiency of the boron atoms through strong S → B π back-bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China. .,Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Bo Jin
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Huo
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Caixia Yuan
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China. .,Nanocluster Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
| | - Yan-Bo Wu
- The Key Laboratory of the Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, 92 Wucheng Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, P. R. China.
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20
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Monajjemi M. Application of Group Theory for Evaluating the Jahn–Teller Effect and Analyzing the Stability Structure of Boron $$({\mathbf{B}}_{{n\,\, = \,\,(3 - 7)}}^{{ \mp ,0}})$$ Clusters. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023621140035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Wang MH, Cui ZH, Wang S, Li Q, Zhao J, Chen Z. Two-dimensional Be2Au Monolayer with Planar Hexacoordinate s-Block Metal Atoms: A Superconducting Global Minimum Dirac Material with Two Perfect Dirac Node-Loops. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11099-11109. [PMID: 36320472 PMCID: PMC9517706 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03614b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a starlike Be6Au7− cluster as a building block and following the bottom-up strategy, an intriguing two-dimensional (2D) binary s-block metal Be2Au monolayer with a P6/mmm space group was theoretically designed. Both the Be6Au7− cluster and the 2D monolayer are global minima featuring rule-breaking planar hexacoordinate motifs (anti-van't Hoff/Le Bel arrangement), and their high stabilities are attributed to good electron delocalization and electronic-stabilization-induced steric force. Strikingly, the Be2Au monolayer is a rare Dirac material with two perfect Dirac node-loops in the band structure and is a phonon-mediated superconductor with a critical temperature of 4.0 K. The critical temperature can be enhanced up to 11.0 K by applying compressive strain at only 1.6%. This study not only identifies a new binary s-block metal 2D material, namely Be2Au, which features planar hexacoordination, and a candidate superconducting material for further explorations, but also provides a new strategy to construct 2D materials with novel chemical bonding. A topological superconductor, named Be2Au monolayer, containing planar hexacoordinate s-block metal (Be and Au) atoms was theoretically designed by rationally assembling related clusters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physic, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physic, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
- Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University Changchun 130023 People's Republic of China
| | - Jijun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams (Dalian University of Technology), Ministry of Education Dalian 116024 China
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico San Juan PR 00931 USA
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22
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Leyva-Parra L, Diego L, Inostroza D, Yañez O, Pumachagua-Huertas R, Barroso J, Vásquez-Espinal A, Merino G, Tiznado W. Planar Hypercoordinate Carbons in Alkali Metal Decorated CE 3 2- and CE 2 2- Dianions. Chemistry 2021; 27:16701-16706. [PMID: 34617347 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
After exploring the potential energy surfaces of Mm CE2 p (E=S-Te, M=Li-Cs, m=2, 3 and p=m-2) and Mn CE3 q (E=S-Te, M=Li-Cs, n=1, 2, q=n-2) combinations, we introduce 38 new global minima containing a planar hypercoordinate carbon atom (24 with a planar tetracoordinate carbon and 14 with a planar pentacoordinate carbon). These exotic clusters result from the decoration of V-shaped CE2 2- and Y-shaped CE3 2- dianions, respectively, with alkali counterions. All these 38 systems fulfill the geometrical and electronic criteria to be considered as true planar hypercoordinate carbon systems. Chemical bonding analyses indicate that carbon is covalently bonded to chalcogens and ionically connected to alkali metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leyva-Parra
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad Andrés Bello Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luz Diego
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad Andrés Bello Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad Andrés Bello Programa de Doctorado en Fisicoquímica Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), 8380494, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, 8380494, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Pumachagua-Huertas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Química Teórica, Escuela Profesional de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Jr. Río Chepén 290, El Agustino, Lima, Perú
| | - Jorge Barroso
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, Mérida, Yuc, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, Mérida, Yuc, Mexico
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile
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23
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Wang MH, Chen C, Pan S, Cui ZH. Planar hexacoordinate gallium. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15067-15076. [PMID: 34909147 PMCID: PMC8612373 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first planar hexacoordinate gallium (phGa) center in the global minimum of the GaBe6Au6 + cluster which has a star-like D 6h geometry with 1A1g electronic state, possessing a central gallium atom encompassed by a Be6 hexagon and each Be-Be edge is further capped by an Au atom. The electronic delocalization resulting in double aromaticity (both σ and π) provides electronic stability in the planar form of the GaBe6Au6 + cluster. The high kinetic stability of the title cluster is also understood by Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. The energy decomposition analysis in combination with the 'natural orbitals for chemical valence' theory reveals that the bonding in the GaBe6Au6 + cluster is best expressed as the doublet Ga atom with 4s24p⊥ 1 electronic configuration forming an electron-sharing π bond with the doublet Be6Au6 + moiety followed by Ga(s)→[Be6Au6 +] σ-backdonation and two sets of Ga(p‖)←[Be6Au6 +] σ-donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Chen Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Sudip Pan
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing China
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4 35032 Marburg Germany
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University Changchun China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences China
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24
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Abstract
Six-valence-electron planar pentacoordinate beryllium (ppBe) is explored herein as a global minimum, which is only constructed by s-block metals in BeM5+ (M = Cu, Ag, Au). The bonding in ppBe can be regarded as the excited-stated Be with a 2px12py1 electronic configuration, forming electron sharing with doublet M5+ motifs followed by two sets of Be(p∥) → [M5+] σ donations and one Be(s) ← [M5+] σ back-donation. Thus, the σ aromaticity originating from three delocalized σ orbitals gives rise to the whole stability of the high D5h-symmetry ppBe and strongly enriches s-block planar hypercoordinate bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yu-Qian Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Cui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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25
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Villegas-Escobar N, Martínez J, Matute RA, Saltarini S, Daniliuc CG, Gade LH, Rojas RS. Trapping an unusual pentacoordinate carbon atom in a neutral trialuminum complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10327-10330. [PMID: 34490873 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04265c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A neutral trialuminum complex incorporates a pentacoordinate carbon through a methylidene bridge linking the three metal atoms. The rigid electron-deficient Al3 core stabilizes the hypercoordinate carbon atom resulting in the shortest equatorial Al-C distance reported for such an Al3-(μ3-CH2) unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nery Villegas-Escobar
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370854, Chile.
| | - Javier Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Isla Teja, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ricardo A Matute
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370854, Chile. .,Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Sebastián Saltarini
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile.
| | | | - Lutz H Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - René S Rojas
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile.
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26
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Analysis of Local and Global Aromaticity in Si3C5 and Si4C8 Clusters. Aromatic Species Containing Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon. CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry3040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The minimum energy structures of the Si3C5 and Si4C8 clusters are planar and contain planar tetracoordinate carbons (ptCs). These species have been classified, qualitatively, as global (π) and local (σ) aromatics according to the adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) method, which is an orbital localization method. This work evaluates these species’ aromaticity, focusing on confirming and quantifying their global and local aromatic character. For this purpose, we use an orbital localization method based on the partitioning of the molecular space according to the topology of the electronic localization function (LOC-ELF). In addition, the magnetically induced current density is analyzed. The LOC-ELF-based analysis coincides with the AdNDP study (double aromaticity, global, and local). Moreover, the current density analysis detects global and local ring currents. The strength of the global and local current circuit is significant, involving 4n + 2 π- and σ-electrons, respectively. The latter implicates the Si-ptC-Si fragment, which would be related to the 3c-2e σ-bond detected by the orbital localization methods in this fragment.
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27
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Sulphur-Bridged BAl 5S 5+ with 17 Counting Electrons: A Regular Planar Pentacoordinate Boron System. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175205. [PMID: 34500649 PMCID: PMC8433653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, most of the reported planar pentacoordinate clusters are similar to the isoelectronic substitution of CAl5+, with 18 counting electrons. Meanwhile, the regular planar pentacoordinate boron systems are rarely reported. Hereby, a sulphur-bridged BAl5S5+ system with a five-pointed star configuration and 17 counting electrons is identified at the global energy minimum through the particle-swarm optimization method, based on the previous recognition on bridged sulphur as the peripheral tactics to the stable planar tetracoordinate carbon and boron. Its outstanding stability has been demonstrated by thermodynamic analysis at 900 K, electronic properties and chemical bonding analysis. This study provides adequately theoretical basis and referable data for its experimental capture and testing.
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28
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Tang M, Zhou K. THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE STRUCTURES AND ELECTRONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF InxO (x = 2, 3) AND In4O0/–1. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476621070027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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29
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Shen J, Zheng F, Wang S, Zhu ZZ, Wu S, Li XF, Cao X, Luo Y. First-Principles Observation of Bonded 2D B 4C 3 Bilayers. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13218-13224. [PMID: 34056471 PMCID: PMC8158795 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) B-C compounds possess rich allotropic structures with many applications. Obtaining new 2D B4C3 structures is highly desirable due to the novel applications of three-dimensional (3D) B4C3 in protections. In this work, we proposed a new family of 2D B4C3 from the first-principles calculations. Distinct from previous observations, this family of 2D B4C3 consists of bonded 2D B4C3 bilayers. Six different types of bilayers with distinct bonded structures are found. The phonon spectrum calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at room temperature demonstrate their dynamic and thermal stabilities. Low formation energies suggest the high possibility of realizing such structures in experiments. Rich electronic structures are found, and the predicted Young's moduli are even higher than those of the previous ones. It is revealed that the unique electronic and mechanical properties are rooted in the bonding structures, indicating the prompting applications of this family of 2D B4C3 materials in photovoltaics, nanoelectronics, and nanomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacai Shen
- Collaborative
Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient
Devices, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Feng Zheng
- Collaborative
Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient
Devices, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shaoxian Wang
- Shandong
Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong
Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations,
School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong
Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Zi-Zhong Zhu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient
Devices, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shunqing Wu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient
Devices, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- School
of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Xinrui Cao
- Collaborative
Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient
Devices, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian
Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School
of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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30
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Leyva-Parra L, Diego L, Yañez O, Inostroza D, Barroso J, Vásquez-Espinal A, Merino G, Tiznado W. Planar Hexacoordinate Carbons: Half Covalent, Half Ionic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8700-8704. [PMID: 33527696 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, the first global minima containing a planar hexacoordinate carbon (phC) atom are reported. The fifteen structures belong to the CE3 M3 + (E=S-Te and M=Li-Cs) series and satisfy both geometric and electronic criteria to be considered as a true phC. The design strategy consisted of replacing oxygen in the D3h CO3 Li3 + structure with heavy and less electronegative chalcogens, inducing a negative charge on the C atom and an attractive electrostatic interaction between C and the alkali-metal cations. The chemical bonding analyses indicate that carbon is covalently bonded to three chalcogens and ionically connected to the three alkali metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leyva-Parra
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luz Diego
- Escuela Profesional de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Jr. Río Chepén 290, El Agustino, Lima, Perú
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile.,Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY), Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Barroso
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, Mérida, Yuc., México
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida, km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso, Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, Mérida, Yuc., México
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, República 498, Santiago, Chile
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31
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Leyva‐Parra L, Diego L, Yañez O, Inostroza D, Barroso J, Vásquez‐Espinal A, Merino G, Tiznado W. Planar Hexacoordinate Carbons: Half Covalent, Half Ionic. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Leyva‐Parra
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
| | - Luz Diego
- Escuela Profesional de Química Facultad de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal Jr. Río Chepén 290, El Agustino Lima Perú
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY) Santiago Chile
| | - Diego Inostroza
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
| | - Jorge Barroso
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex Mérida Yuc. México
| | - Alejandro Vásquez‐Espinal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
| | - Gabriel Merino
- Departamento de Física Aplicada Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida km. 6 Antigua carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex Mérida Yuc. México
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group Departamento de Ciencias Químicas Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Andres Bello República 498 Santiago Chile
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Mo Y, Cao Z. Planar Tetracoordinate Silicon in Organic Molecules As Carbenoid-Type Amphoteric Centers: A Computational Study. Chemistry 2021; 27:1402-1409. [PMID: 33103283 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Designing and synthesizing a stable compound with a planar tetracoordinate silicon (ptSi) center is a challenging goal for chemists. Here, a series of potential aromatic ptSi compounds composed of four conjugated rings shared by a centrally embedded Si atom are theoretically designed and computationally verified. Both Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations and potential energy surface scannings verify the high stability and likely existence of these compounds, particularly Si-16-5555 (SiN4 C8 H8 ) with 16 π electrons, under standard ambient temperature and pressure. Notably, the Hückel aromaticity rule, which works well for single rings, is inconsistent with the high stability of Si-16-5555 where the 16 p electrons are spread over four five-membered rings fused together. Bonding analyses show that the strong electron donation from the peripheral 12-membered conjugated ring with 16 π electrons to the vacant central atomic orbital Si 3pz leads to the stabilization for both the ptSi coordination and planar aromaticity. The partial occupation of Si 3pz results in the peculiar carbenoid-type behaviors for the amphoteric center. By modulating the electron density on the ring with substituent groups, we can regulate the nucleophilic and electrophilic properties of the central Si.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian, Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming Rd., Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian, Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming Rd., Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yirong Mo
- Department of Nanoscience, Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2907 East Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC, 27401, USA
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian, Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemistry Engineering, Xiamen University, 422 Siming Rd., Xiamen, 361005, China
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Yang J, Yu L, Li F. Computational investigation of two-dimensional borides with planar octacoordinated main group elements. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:15904-15907. [PMID: 34309609 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02505h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this communication, by means of first principles calculations, we searched stable two-dimensional borides with octacoordinated main group elements, and we found that only AlB4 monolayer is stable in the planar octacoordinate motif through our stability screenings, which can be used for electrocatalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China.
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34
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Wang H, Liu FL. How to Accomplish a Square C(N) 4 Substructure of the Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32583-32590. [PMID: 33376895 PMCID: PMC7758975 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-based groups are usually not used as ligands to coordinate to the ptC atom. However, here we reported only nitrogen-based ligands to accomplish a theoretically successful square planar C(N)4 substructure. The first difficulty in accomplishing a square ptC(N)4 substructure is to conquer the tremendous strain from the planar to tetrahedral arrangements, and the second is to restrict it in a suitable system with the right symmetry. We designed several neutral molecules with the square ptC(N)4 substructures, and the molecules were studied using the density functional theory method at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) and TPSSh/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory. The results of this work show that the molecules are all real minima on the potential energy surface and successfully achieved the square ptC(N)4 substructure in the theoretical method. The group orbitals among the square ptC(N)4 arrangement in the D 2d symmetry have been discussed and used to investigate the bonding interactions among all atoms in the square ptC(N)4 substructure. Usually, the ptC systems have 18 valence electrons, but the present ptC systems mentioned in this work have 24 valence electrons, which is unusual for ptC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized
Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory
of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized
Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory
of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People’s Republic of China
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Wang MH, Dong X, Cui ZH, Orozco-Ic M, Ding YH, Barroso J, Merino G. Planar pentacoordinate silicon and germanium atoms. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13772-13775. [PMID: 33089264 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06107g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The global minimum of XMg4Y- (X = Si, Ge; Y = In, Tl) and SiMg3In2 contains a planar pentacoordinate atom of group 14 other than carbon. Its design is based on the "localization" approach, replacing one or two peripheral atoms in XMg52- by more electronegative ones. This change diminishes the repulsion and leads to stronger covalent X-Y bonds, stabilizing the planar pentacoordinate atom species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Raghunathan S, Yadav K, Rojisha VC, Jaganade T, Prathyusha V, Bikkina S, Lourderaj U, Priyakumar UD. Transition between [R]- and [S]-stereoisomers without bond breaking. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14983-14991. [PMID: 32588839 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02918a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The fifty-year old proposal of a nondissociative racemization reaction of a tetracoordinated tetrahedral center from one enantiomer to another via a planar transition state by Hoffmann and coworkers has been explored by many research groups over the past five decades. A number of stable molecules with planar tetracoordinated and higher-coordinated centers have been designed and experimentally realized; however, there has not been a single example of a molecular system that can possibly undergo such racemization. Here we show examples of molecular species that undergo inversion of stereochemistry around tetrahedral centers (Si, Al- and P+) either via a planar transition state or an intermediate state using quantum mechanical, ab initio quasi-classical dynamics calculations, and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations. This work is expected to provide potential leads for future studies on this fundamental phenomenon in chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shampa Raghunathan
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - Komal Yadav
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatani, Khordha 752050, India.
| | - V C Rojisha
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - Tanashree Jaganade
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - V Prathyusha
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - Swetha Bikkina
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
| | - Upakarasamy Lourderaj
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, HBNI, P.O. Jatani, Khordha 752050, India.
| | - U Deva Priyakumar
- Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad 500 032, India.
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Fan D, Chen C, Lu S, Li X, Jiang M, Hu X. Highly Stable Two-Dimensional Iron Monocarbide with Planar Hypercoordinate Moiety and Superior Li-Ion Storage Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:30297-30303. [PMID: 32396323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Stable planar hypercoordinate motifs have been recently demonstrated in two-dimensional (2D) confinement systems, while perfectly planar hypercoordinate motifs in 2D carbon-transition metal systems are rarely reported. Here, by using comprehensive ab initio computations, we discover two new iron monocarbide (FeC) binary sheets stabilized at 2D confined space, labeled as tetragonal-FeC (t-FeC) and orthorhombic-FeC (o-FeC), which are energetically more favorable compared with the previously reported square and honeycomb lattices. The proposed t-FeC is the global minimum configuration in the 2D space, and each carbon atom is four-coordinated with four ambient iron atoms, considered as the quasi-planar tetragonal lattice. Strikingly, the o-FeC monolayer is an orthorhombic phase with a perfectly planar pentacoordinate carbon moiety and a planar seven-coordinate iron moiety. These monolayers are the first example of a simultaneously pentacoordinate carbon and planar seven-coordinate Fe-containing material. State-of-the-art theoretical calculations confirm that all these monolayers have significantly dynamic, mechanical, and thermal stabilities. Among these two monolayers, the t-FeC monolayer shows a higher theoretical capacity (395 mAh g-1) and can stably adsorb Li up to t-FeCLi4 (1579 mAh g-1). The low migration energy barrier is predicted as small as 0.26 eV for Li, which results in the fast diffusion of Li atoms on this monolayer, making it a promising candidate for lithium-ion battery material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Chengke Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shaohua Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Meiyan Jiang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiaojun Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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Wang MH, Dong X, Ding YH, Cui ZH. Avoided spin coupling: an unexpected σ-σ diradical in global planar pentacoordinate carbon. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7285-7288. [PMID: 32478342 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02236e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We present a global planar pentacoordinate carbon (ppC) featuring a hitherto unreported σ-σ diradical characteristic. Using the multi-reference approach combined with the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ method, the ppC C3Li3- was found to be an intriguing triplet ground state, in which the unpaired density is mostly located at three Li ligands. Chemical bonding analysis reveals that the 2pzπ electrons of C3Li3- are fully located at the C3 ring formed by C-C multiple bonds, in contrast to the perfect 2pzπ-delocalization found in the well-known ppCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hui Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Changchun 130012, China.
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Sun R, Zhao XF, Jin B, Huo B, Bian JH, Guan XL, Yuan C, Wu YB. Influence of stepwise oxidation on the structure, stability, and properties of planar pentacoordinate carbon species CAl 5. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17062-17067. [PMID: 32568316 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01106a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Computational design has played an important role in planar hyper-coordinate carbon (phC) chemistry. However, none of numerous computationally predicted phC species were subsequently successfully synthesized in the condensed phase, perhaps due to the frustrating issue of oxidation. In the present work, we studied the influence of stepwise oxidation on the structure, stability, and properties of phC species using the milestone planar pentacoordinate carbon (ppC) species CAl5+ as an example. Our results indicated that the ppC structure of CAl5+ would be directly destroyed with one, two, or six O atom(s) per molecule present and indirectly with three or four O atoms, but maintained with five O atoms due to the ppC isomer of CAl5O5+ being a kinetically stable global energy minimum displaying σ and π double aromaticity. Moreover, the magnitudes of the first to fifth vertical oxygen affinities (VOAs) for CAl5+ were determined to be very high (-85.5 to -116.3 kcal mol-1), probably due to the existence of peripheral diffuse Al-Al bond(s). However, the sixth VOA was reduced significantly to -50.2 kcal mol-1, consistent with the absence of any diffuse Al-Al bond in the corresponding CAl5O5+ species. So CAl5O5+ may be insensitive to oxidation. Therefore, the ppC species D5h CAl5O5+ might be resistant to being degraded under a delicate control of oxidation level (producing five O atoms per CAl5+ molecule).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- The Key Lab of Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage of Shanxi Province, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China.
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Guo JC, Cheng YX, Wu XF. C2 CO2Li3+: A superalkali cation with planar pentacoordinate carbon. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
ConspectusAs one of the most important and versatile elements, carbon renders itself as one of the most fundamental and cutting-edge topics in chemistry, physics, and materials science. Many carbon-based chemical rules were established accordingly. While the tetrahedral predilection of tetracoordinate carbon has been a cornerstone of organic chemistry since 1874, almost a century later tetracoordinate carbon was found to be able to adopt planar structures known as planar tetracoordinate carbon (ptC), which are stabilized electronically by good π-acceptor (delocalization of a lone electron pair of ptC) or σ-donor (promoting electron transfer to electron-deficient bonding) substituents or mechanically by appropriate steric enforcement. The experimental and theoretical achievements for the rule-breaking ptC species totally refreshed our understanding of chemical bonding and triggered exploration of peculiar molecules featuring planar pentacoordinate carbon (ppC) and planar hexacoordinate carbon (phC) as well as other outlandish species such as planar hypercoordinate silicon.While the planar hypercoordinate carbon chemistry has been gradually established for molecules in the past five decades, there is growing interest in pursuing their extension systems, especially in two-dimensional (2D) space as a result of the recent extensive studies of graphene and its analogues. Though the natural 2D layered crystals do not contain any planar hypercoordinate carbon or silicon, several 2D nanosheets featuring planar or quasi-planar hypercoordinate ones have been theoretically suggested. Encouragingly, these unique planar configurations possess decent stabilities, and some of them are even the global minimum structure, exhibiting great potential for experimental realization. As the nature of a material is mainly determined by its structural characteristics (e.g., dimensionality, crystallography, and bonding), the combination of planar hypercoordinate chemistry and 2D nanoscience not only endows these rule-breaking systems with the merits of 2D materials but also may offer various promising properties and applications. For example, an unusual negative Poisson's ratio can be found in ppC-containing Be5C2 and planar pentacoordinate silicon (ppSi)-containing CaSi monolayers, of which the former has an anisotropic Dirac cone and the latter is a semiconductor with a desirable band gap for the semiconductor industry. Specially, shortly after the theoretical prediction, a planar hexacoordinate silicon (phSi)-containing Cu2Si monolayer was experimentally synthesized and characterized with the 2D Dirac nodal line fermion, which offers a platform to achieve high-speed, low-dissipation nanodevices.In this Account, we review the recent progress, mostly by density functional theory (DFT) computations, in designing 2D materials with planar hypercoordinate motifs. We describe the key achievements in this field, paying special attention to the "bottom-up" and "isoelectronic substitution" design strategies. In addition, the fundamental stabilization mechanisms of planar hypercoordinate motifs in an infinite layer are discussed. We hope that this Account will inspire more experimental and theoretical efforts to explore nanomaterials with such unconventional chemical bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yafei Li
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhongfang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States
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Cheung LF, Czekner J, Kocheril GS, Wang LS. ReB 6-: A Metallaboron Analog of Metallabenzenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17854-17860. [PMID: 31612714 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metallabenzenes are a class of molecules in which a CH unit in benzene is replaced by a functionalized transition-metal atom. While all-boron analogues of aromatic and antiaromatic hydrocarbons are well-known, there have not been any metallaboron analogs. We have produced and investigated two metal-doped boron clusters, ReB6- and AlB6-, using high-resolution photoelectron imaging and quantum chemical calculations. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra have been obtained and compared with the theoretical results. The ReB6- cluster is found to be perfectly planar with a B-centered hexagonal structure (C2v, 1A1), while AlB6- is known to have a similar structure, but with a slightly out-of-plane distortion (Cs, 1A'). Chemical bonding analyses show that the closed-shell ReB6- is doubly σ- and π-aromatic, while AlB6- is known to be σ-aromatic and π-antiaromatic. The out-of-plane distortion in AlB6- is due to antiaromaticity, akin to the out-of-plane distortion of the prototypical antiaromatic cyclooctatetraene. The π-bonding in ReB6- is compared with that in both benzene and rhenabenzene [(CO)4ReC5H5], and remarkable similarities are found. Hence, ReB6- can be viewed as the first metallaboron analog of metallabenzenes and it may be viable for syntheses with suitable ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Fung Cheung
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Joseph Czekner
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - G Stephen Kocheril
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Brown University , Providence , Rhode Island 02912 , United States
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Ebner F, Wadepohl H, Greb L. Calix[4]pyrrole Aluminate: A Planar Tetracoordinate Aluminum(III) Anion and Its Unusual Lewis Acidity. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18009-18012. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ebner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 275, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 275, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 275, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhou K, Roy SK, Zhao CB. GaxO (x = 2–4) Contain Novel Linear Dicoordinate, T-shape Tricoordinate and Planar Tetracoordinate Oxygen. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023619030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jian T, Chen X, Li SD, Boldyrev AI, Li J, Wang LS. Probing the structures and bonding of size-selected boron and doped-boron clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:3550-3591. [PMID: 31120469 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00233b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Because of their interesting structures and bonding and potentials as motifs for new nanomaterials, size-selected boron clusters have received tremendous interest in recent years. In particular, boron cluster anions (Bn-) have allowed systematic joint photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical studies, revealing predominantly two-dimensional structures. The discovery of the planar B36 cluster with a central hexagonal vacancy provided the first experimental evidence of the viability of 2D borons, giving rise to the concept of borophene. The finding of the B40 cage cluster unveiled the existence of fullerene-like boron clusters (borospherenes). Metal-doping can significantly extend the structural and bonding repertoire of boron clusters. Main-group metals interact with boron through s/p orbitals, resulting in either half-sandwich-type structures or substitutional structures. Transition metals are more versatile in bonding with boron, forming a variety of structures including half-sandwich structures, metal-centered boron rings, and metal-centered boron drums. Transition metal atoms have also been found to be able to be doped into the plane of 2D boron clusters, suggesting the possibility of metalloborophenes. Early studies of di-metal-doped boron clusters focused on gold, revealing ladder-like boron structures with terminal gold atoms. Recent observations of highly symmetric Ta2B6- and Ln2Bn- (n = 7-9) clusters have established a family of inverse sandwich structures with monocyclic boron rings stabilized by two metal atoms. The study of size-selected boron and doped-boron clusters is a burgeoning field of research. Further investigations will continue to reveal more interesting structures and novel chemical bonding, paving the foundation for new boron-based chemical compounds and nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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Thirumoorthy K, Karton A, Thimmakondu VS. From High-Energy C7H2 Isomers with A Planar Tetracoordinate Carbon Atom to An Experimentally Known Carbene. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9054-9064. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan Thirumoorthy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Amir Karton
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Venkatesan S. Thimmakondu
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K K Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403 726, India
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Wang Y, Qiao M, Li Y, Chen Z. A two-dimensional CaSi monolayer with quasi-planar pentacoordinate silicon. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2018; 3:327-334. [PMID: 32254081 DOI: 10.1039/c7nh00091j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The prediction of new materials with peculiar topological properties is always desirable to achieve new properties and applications. In this work, by means of density functional theory computations, we extend the rule-breaking chemical bonding of planar pentacoordinate silicon (ppSi) into a periodic system: a C2v Ca4Si2 2- molecular building block containing a ppSi center is identified first, followed by the construction of an infinite CaSi monolayer, which is essentially a two-dimensional (2D) network of the Ca4Si2 motif. The moderate cohesive energy, absence of imaginary phonon modes, and good resistance to high temperature indicate that the CaSi monolayer is a thermodynamically and kinetically stable structure. In particular, a global minimum search reveals that the ppSi-containing CaSi monolayer is the lowest-energy structure in 2D space, indicating its great promise for experimental realization. The CaSi monolayer is a natural semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 0.5 eV, and it has rather strong optical absorption in the visible region of the solar spectrum. More interestingly, the unique atomic configuration endows the CaSi monolayer with an unusually negative Poisson's ratio. The rule-breaking geometric structure together with its exceptional properties makes the CaSi monolayer quite a promising candidate for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Low-dimensional nanocomplexes based on planar tetracoordinate Si/Ge: Nanoribbons X Ni2+2Cl2+2 (X = Si, Ge) and nanotubes Si Ni2Cl2. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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