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Gupta R, Fereiro JA, Bayat A, Pritam A, Zharnikov M, Mondal PC. Nanoscale molecular rectifiers. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:106-122. [PMID: 37117915 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-022-00457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of molecules bridged between two electrodes as a stable rectifier is an important goal in molecular electronics. Until recently, however, and despite extensive experimental and theoretical work, many aspects of our fundamental understanding and practical challenges have remained unresolved and prevented the realization of such devices. Recent advances in custom-designed molecular systems with rectification ratios exceeding 105 have now made these systems potentially competitive with existing silicon-based devices. Here, we provide an overview and critical analysis of recent progress in molecular rectification within single molecules, self-assembled monolayers, molecular multilayers, heterostructures, and metal-organic frameworks and coordination polymers. Examples of conceptually important and best-performing systems are discussed, alongside their rectification mechanisms. We present an outlook for the field, as well as prospects for the commercialization of molecular rectifiers.
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2
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The transport properties of poly(G)-poly(C) DNA oligomers in the Harrison's model. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 112:108138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Intrinsic electronic conductivity of individual atomically resolved amyloid crystals reveals micrometer-long hole hopping via tyrosines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2014139118. [PMID: 33372136 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014139118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are commonly known to transfer electrons over distances limited to a few nanometers. However, many biological processes require electron transport over far longer distances. For example, soil and sediment bacteria transport electrons, over hundreds of micrometers to even centimeters, via putative filamentous proteins rich in aromatic residues. However, measurements of true protein conductivity have been hampered by artifacts due to large contact resistances between proteins and electrodes. Using individual amyloid protein crystals with atomic-resolution structures as a model system, we perform contact-free measurements of intrinsic electronic conductivity using a four-electrode approach. We find hole transport through micrometer-long stacked tyrosines at physiologically relevant potentials. Notably, the transport rate through tyrosines (105 s-1) is comparable to cytochromes. Our studies therefore show that amyloid proteins can efficiently transport charges, under ordinary thermal conditions, without any need for redox-active metal cofactors, large driving force, or photosensitizers to generate a high oxidation state for charge injection. By measuring conductivity as a function of molecular length, voltage, and temperature, while eliminating the dominant contribution of contact resistances, we show that a multistep hopping mechanism (composed of multiple tunneling steps), not single-step tunneling, explains the measured conductivity. Combined experimental and computational studies reveal that proton-coupled electron transfer confers conductivity; both the energetics of the proton acceptor, a neighboring glutamine, and its proximity to tyrosine influence the hole transport rate through a proton rocking mechanism. Surprisingly, conductivity increases 200-fold upon cooling due to higher availability of the proton acceptor by increased hydrogen bonding.
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4
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Nakano K, Sawada T, Mori Y, Morita K, Ishimatsu R. Covalent Hyperbranched Polymer Self-Assemblies of Three-Way Junction DNA for Single-Molecule Devices. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:10166-10174. [PMID: 32787041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A hyperbranched polymer (HBP) made of three-way junction (TWJ) DNAs is reported. Three types of 26-mer DNAs with 5'-ends modified with psoralen (PSN) were synthesized. All had self-complementary sequences starting from the 5'-end to the sixth base (AAGCTT), allowing intermolecular hybridization. The base sequences of the remaining 20-mer sites were designed so that upon hybridization, three strands had a TWJ structure with a mass of 25,000 that could be further grown by forming HBPs. PSN photochemically reacts to form interstrand cross-links that increase the polymer stability. Aggregates [(380 ± 44) nm and (65 ± 6) nm] detected with dynamic light scattering for TWJ-DNA solutions were also imaged by electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, providing evidence of hyperbranched polymerization. The TWJ unit also polymerized on solid substrates such as Au and glass and formed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The HBP SAMs were integrated into commercial Pt-interdigitated electrode arrays. The DNA devices had current-voltage curves typical of metal-insulator-metal Schottky diodes; the effective barrier heights and the ideality factors were 0.52 ± 0.002 eV and 21 ± 3.2, respectively. The series resistances were (26 ± 3.3) × 106 Ω, which may provide insights into DNA electron transport. The DNA HBP enables stable electrical connections with probe electrodes and will be an important single-molecule platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Nakano
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University. Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takafumi Sawada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University. Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University. Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kohei Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University. Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Ishimatsu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University. Motooka 744, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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5
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Synthesis and intramolecular electronic interactions of hexaarylbenzene bearing redox-active Cp*(dppe)Fe-C≡C- termini. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Kirk ML, Shultz DA, Zhang J, Dangi R, Ingersol L, Yang J, Finney NS, Sommer RD, Wojtas L. Heterospin biradicals provide insight into molecular conductance and rectification. Chem Sci 2017; 8:5408-5415. [PMID: 28970920 PMCID: PMC5609533 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc00073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlation of electron transfer with molecular conductance (g: electron transport through single molecules) by Nitzan and others has contributed to a fundamental understanding of single-molecule electronic materials. When an unsymmetric, dipolar molecule spans two electrodes, the possibility exists for different conductance values at equal, but opposite electrode biases. In the device configuration, these molecules serve as rectifiers of the current and the efficiency of the device is given by the rectification ratio (RR = gforward/greverse). Experimental determination of the RR is challenging since the orientation of the rectifying molecule with respect to the electrodes and with respect to the electrode bias direction is difficult to establish. Thus, while two different values of g can be measured and a RR calculated, one cannot easily assign each conductance value as being aligned with or opposed to the molecular dipole, and calculations are often required to resolve the uncertainty. Herein, we describe the properties of two isomeric, triplet ground state biradical molecules that serve as constant-bias analogs of single-molecule electronic devices. Through established theoretical relationships between g and electronic coupling, H2, and between H2 and magnetic exchange coupling, J (g ∝ H2 ∝ J), we use the ratio of experimental J-values for our two isomers to calculate a RR for an unsymmetric bridge molecule with known geometry relative to the two radical fragments of the molecule and at a spectroscopically-defined potential bias. Our experimental results are compared with device transport calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin L Kirk
- The University of New Mexico , MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131-0001 , USA .
| | - David A Shultz
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , USA .
| | - Jinyuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , USA .
| | - Ranjana Dangi
- The University of New Mexico , MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131-0001 , USA .
| | - Laura Ingersol
- The University of New Mexico , MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131-0001 , USA .
| | - Jing Yang
- The University of New Mexico , MSC03 2060, 1 University of New Mexico , Albuquerque , New Mexico 87131-0001 , USA .
| | - Nathaniel S Finney
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Tianjin University , 505/Building 24, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District , Tianjin , 300072 , P. R. China
| | - Roger D Sommer
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695-8204 , USA .
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry , University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue , CHE 205 Tampa , FL 33620-5250 , USA
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7
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Kirchhofer ND, Rengert ZD, Dahlquist FW, Nguyen TQ, Bazan GC. A Ferrocene-Based Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte Catalyzes Bacterial Electrode Respiration. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Della Pia A, Luo D, Blackwell R, Costantini G, Martsinovich N. Molecular self-assembly of substituted terephthalic acids at the liquid/solid interface: investigating the effect of solvent. Faraday Discuss 2017; 204:191-213. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00112f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of three related molecules – terephthalic acid and its hydroxylated analogues – at liquid/solid interfaces (graphite/heptanoic acid and graphite/1-phenyloctane) has been studied using a combination of scanning tunnelling microscopy and molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations. Brickwork-like patterns typical for terephthalic acid self-assembly have been observed for all three molecules. However, several differences became apparent: (i) formation or lack of adsorbed monolayers (self-assembled monolayers formed in all systems, with one notable exception of terephthalic acid at the graphite/1-phenyloctane interface where no adsorption was observed), (ii) the size of adsorbate islands (large islands at the interface with heptanoic acid and smaller ones at the interface with 1-phenyloctane), and (iii) polymorphism of the hydroxylated terephthalic acids’ monolayers, dependent on the molecular structure and/or solvent. To rationalise this behaviour, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics calculations have been performed, to analyse the three key aspects of the energetics of self-assembly: intermolecular, substrate–adsorbate and solvent–solute interactions. These energetic characteristics of self-assembly were brought together in a Born–Haber cycle, to obtain the overall energy effects of formation of self-assembled monolayers at these liquid/solid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Della Pia
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - D. Luo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
| | - R. Blackwell
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Sheffield
- Sheffield
- UK
| | - G. Costantini
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Warwick
- Coventry
- UK
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9
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Della Pia A, Riello M, Stassen D, Jones TS, Bonifazi D, De Vita A, Costantini G. Two-dimensional core-shell donor-acceptor assemblies at metal-organic interfaces promoted by surface-mediated charge transfer. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19004-19013. [PMID: 27808341 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06527a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic charge transfer (CT) complexes obtained by combining molecular electron donors and acceptors have attracted much interest due to their potential applications in organic opto-electronic devices. In order to work, these systems must have an electronic matching - the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of the donor must couple with the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the acceptor - and a structural matching, so as to allow direct intermolecular CT. Here it is shown that, when molecules are adsorbed on a metal surface, novel molecular organizations driven by surface-mediated CT can appear that have no counterpart in condensed phase non-covalent assemblies of donor and acceptor molecules. By means of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy it is demonstrated that the electronic and self-assembly properties of an electron acceptor molecule can change dramatically in the presence of an additional molecular species with marked electron donor character, leading to the formation of unprecedented core-shell assemblies. DFT and classical force-field simulations reveal that this is a consequence of charge transfer from the donor to the acceptor molecules mediated by the metallic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Della Pia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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10
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Zheng J, Wu Y, Deng K, He M, He L, Cao J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Li S, Tang Z. Chirality-Discriminated Conductivity of Metal-Amino Acid Biocoordination Polymer Nanowires. ACS NANO 2016; 10:8564-8570. [PMID: 27556354 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b03833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biocoordination polymer (BCP) nanowires are successfully constructed through self-assembly of chiral cysteine amino acids and Cd cations in solution. The varied chirality of cysteine is explored to demonstrate the difference of BCP nanowires in both morphology and structure. More interestingly and surprisingly, the electrical property measurement reveals that, although all Cd(II)/cysteine BCP nanowires behave as semiconductors, the conductivity of the Cd(II)/dl-cysteine nanowires is 4 times higher than that of the Cd(II)/l-cysteine or Cd(II)/d-cysteine ones. The origin of such chirality-discriminated characteristics registered in BCP nanowires is further elucidated by theoretical calculation. These findings demonstrate that the morphology, structure, and property of BCP nanostructures could be tuned by the chirality of the bridging ligands, which will shed light on the comprehension of chirality transcription as well as construction of chirality-regulated functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangcan He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Xugang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaling Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunxing Li
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University , Zhangzhou 363000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
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11
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Liu N, Zhang L, Chen X, Kong X, Zheng X, Guo H. Negative differential resistance in GeSi core-shell transport junctions: the role of local sp(2) hybridization. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16026-16033. [PMID: 27546305 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05087e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a theoretical investigation of nonlinear quantum transport properties of Au/GeSi/Au junctions. For GeSi semiconducting core-shell structures brought into contact with Au electrodes, a very unusual behavior is that the tunneling transport is on-resonance right at equilibrium. This resonance is not due to the alignment of a quantum level in GeSi to the electrochemical potential of Au, but due to the alignment of very sharp DOS features - hot spots, localized at the two Au/GeSi interfaces of the device. An applied bias voltage shifts the hot spots relative to each other which gives rise to substantial negative differential resistance (NDR). The hot spots localized at the two interfaces were found to be due to the unbonded pz orbital of a sp(2) hybridized interface Si atom which is surrounded by three non-sp(2) hybridized neighbors. The mechanism of inducing hot spots and NDR by a local structure unit is not limited to the GeSi. The results suggest an interesting scheme for constructing NDR devices by orbital manipulation, to be more explicit, for example, by designing local structural units having unbonded orbitals at the interfaces between electrodes and the central region of the transport junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuo Liu
- School of Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
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12
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Castellano M, Ruiz-García R, Cano J, Ferrando-Soria J, Pardo E, Fortea-Pérez FR, Stiriba SE, Barros WP, Stumpf HO, Cañadillas-Delgado L, Pasán J, Ruiz-Pérez C, de Munno G, Armentano D, Journaux Y, Lloret F, Julve M. Metallosupramolecular approach toward multifunctional magnetic devices for molecular spintronics. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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13
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Hunley DP, Boland MJ, Strachan DR. Integrated nanotubes, etch tracks, and nanoribbons in crystallographic alignment to a graphene lattice. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:813-818. [PMID: 25522261 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201404060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes, few-layer graphene, and etch tracks exposing insulating SiO2 regions are integrated into nanoscale systems with precise crystallographic orientations. These integrated systems consist of nanotubes grown across nanogap etch tracks and nanoribbons formed within the few-layer graphene films. This work is relevant to the integration of semiconducting, conducting, and insulating nanomaterials together into precise intricate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Patrick Hunley
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky, 40506, USA
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14
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Wimbush KS, Fratila RM, Wang D, Qi D, Liang C, Yuan L, Yakovlev N, Loh KP, Reinhoudt DN, Velders AH, Nijhuis CA. Bias induced transition from an ohmic to a non-ohmic interface in supramolecular tunneling junctions with Ga2O3/EGaIn top electrodes. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:11246-58. [PMID: 25132523 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02933j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study describes that the current rectification ratio, R ≡ |J|(-2.0 V)/|J|(+2.0 V) for supramolecular tunneling junctions with a top-electrode of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) that contains a conductive thin (0.7 nm) supporting outer oxide layer (Ga2O3), increases by up to four orders of magnitude under an applied bias of >+1.0 V up to +2.5 V; these junctions did not change their electrical characteristics when biased in the voltage range of ±1.0 V. The increase in R is caused by the presence of water and ions in the supramolecular assemblies which react with the Ga2O3/EGaIn layer and increase the thickness of the Ga2O3 layer. This increase in the oxide thickness from 0.7 nm to ∼2.0 nm changed the nature of the monolayer-top-electrode contact from an ohmic to a non-ohmic contact. These results unambiguously expose the experimental conditions that allow for a safe bias window of ±1.0 V (the range of biases studies of charge transport using this technique are normally conducted) to investigate molecular effects in molecular electronic junctions with Ga2O3/EGaIn top-electrodes where electrochemical reactions are not significant. Our findings also show that the interpretation of data in studies involving applied biases of >1.0 V may be complicated by electrochemical side reactions which can be recognized by changes of the electrical characteristics as a function voltage cycling or in current retention experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Wimbush
- Laboratory of Supramolecular Chemistry and Technology, MESA + Research Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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15
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Misra SK, Kim B, Chang HH, Pan D. Defying symmetry: a ‘flowery’ architecture with augmented surface area from gold coated polymeric ‘nanoblooms’. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05249h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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16
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Chamani Z, Bayat Z, Mahdizadeh SJ. Theoretical study of the electronic conduction through organic nanowires. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476614030226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Ponce J, Arroyo CR, Tatay S, Frisenda R, Gaviña P, Aravena D, Ruiz E, van der Zant HSJ, Coronado E. Effect of Metal Complexation on the Conductance of Single-Molecular Wires Measured at Room Temperature. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:8314-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja5012417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ponce
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático
José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Carlos R. Arroyo
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Tatay
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático
José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Riccardo Frisenda
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Pablo Gaviña
- Centro
de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Universidad de Valencia, Dr. Moliner
50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Daniel Aravena
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Recerca de Química
Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal
645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eliseo Ruiz
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica and Institut de Recerca de Química
Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Diagonal
645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Herre S. J. van der Zant
- Kavli
Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg
1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, Catedrático
José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
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18
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Makhoul R, Sahnoune H, Davin T, Kahlal S, Dorcet V, Roisnel T, Halet JF, Hamon JR, Lapinte C. Proton-Controlled Regioselective Synthesis of [Cp*(dppe)Fe–C≡C-1-(η6-C10H7)Ru(η5-Cp](PF6) and Electron-Driven Haptotropic Rearrangement of the (η5-Cp)Ru+ Arenophile. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om500047k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rim Makhoul
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Hiba Sahnoune
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Thomas Davin
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Samia Kahlal
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Dorcet
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-François Halet
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-René Hamon
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
| | - Claude Lapinte
- Institut
des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
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19
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Zaffino RL, Mir M, Samitier J. Label-free detection of DNA hybridization and single point mutations in a nano-gap biosensor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:105501. [PMID: 24531933 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/10/105501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We describe a conductance-based biosensor that exploits DNA-mediated long-range electron transport for the label-free and direct electrical detection of DNA hybridization. This biosensor platform comprises an array of vertical nano-gap biosensors made of gold and fabricated through standard photolithography combined with focused ion beam lithography. The nano-gap walls are covalently modified with short, anti-symmetric thiolated DNA probes, which are terminated by 19 bases complementary to both the ends of a target DNA strand. The nano-gaps are separated by a distance of 50 nm, which was adjusted to fit the length of the DNA target plus the DNA probes. The hybridization of the target DNA closes the gap circuit in a switch on/off fashion, in such a way that it is readily detected by an increase in the current after nano-gap closure. The nano-biosensor shows high specificity in the discrimination of base-pair mismatching and does not require signal indicators or enhancing molecules. The design of the biosensor platform is applicable for multiplexed detection in a straightforward manner. The platform is well-suited to mass production, point-of-care diagnostics, and wide-scale DNA analysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Zaffino
- Nanobioengineering Laboratory, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, Barcelona E-08028, Spain. Department of Electronics, Barcelona University (UB), Martí i Franques, 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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20
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Wu QQ, Zheng XH, Shi XQ, Lan J, Hao H, Zeng Z. Electron transport enhanced by electrode surface reconstruction: a case study of C60-based molecular junctions. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra07900k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
At the C60–Cu(111) interface, electrode surface reconstruction (Rec) increases electrical current compared to that for the unreconstructed (Unrec) surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Q. Wu
- School of Physics and Material Science
- Anhui University
- Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
| | - X. H. Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - X. Q. Shi
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Physics
| | - J. Lan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - H. Hao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
| | - Z. Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics
- Institute of Solid State Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Physics
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21
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Sotthewes K, Heimbuch R, Zandvliet HJW. Manipulating transport through a single-molecule junction. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:214709. [PMID: 24320396 DOI: 10.1063/1.4835675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular Electronics deals with the realization of elementary electronic devices that rely on a single molecule. For electronic applications, the most important property of a single molecule is its conductance. Here we show how the conductance of a single octanethiol molecule can be measured and manipulated by varying the contact's interspace. This mechanical gating of the single molecule junction leads to a variation of the conductance that can be understood in terms of a tunable image charge effect. The image charge effect increases with a decrease of the contact's interspace due to a reduction of the effective potential barrier height of 1.5 meV/pm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sotthewes
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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22
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Balko SM, Kreer T, Mulder DJ, Costanzo PJ, Patten TE, Kuhl TL. Using Thiol–Gold Bond Formation To Bridge Surfaces with a Polymer Brush: SFA Experiments and MD Simulations. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4015356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Balko
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Torsten Kreer
- Leibniz Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dennis J. Mulder
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Philip J. Costanzo
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California Polytechnic State University, San
Luis Obispo, California 93407, United States
| | - Timothy E. Patten
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tonya L. Kuhl
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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23
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Kirk ML, Shultz DA, Stasiw DE, Habel-Rodriguez D, Stein B, Boyle PD. Electronic and Exchange Coupling in a Cross-Conjugated D–B–A Biradical: Mechanistic Implications for Quantum Interference Effects. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14713-25. [DOI: 10.1021/ja405354x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin L. Kirk
- Department of
Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - David A. Shultz
- Department of
Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Daniel E. Stasiw
- Department of
Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Diana Habel-Rodriguez
- Department of
Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Benjamin Stein
- Department of
Chemistry, The University of New Mexico, MSC03 2060, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Paul D. Boyle
- Department of
Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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24
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Li T, Jevric M, Hauptmann JR, Hviid R, Wei Z, Wang R, Reeler NEA, Thyrhaug E, Petersen S, Meyer JAS, Bovet N, Vosch T, Nygård J, Qiu X, Hu W, Liu Y, Solomon GC, Kjaergaard HG, Bjørnholm T, Nielsen MB, Laursen BW, Nørgaard K. Ultrathin reduced graphene oxide films as transparent top-contacts for light switchable solid-state molecular junctions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:4164-4170. [PMID: 23765569 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201300607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new type of solid-state molecular junction is introduced, which employs reduced graphene oxide as a transparent top contact that permits a self-assembled molecular monolayer to be photoswitched in situ, while simultaneously enabling charge-transport measurements across the molecules. The electrical switching behavior of a less-studied molecular switch, dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene, is described, which is used as a test case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- Nano-Science Center & Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Justaud F, Gendron F, Ogyu Y, Kumamoto Y, Miyazaki A, Ouahab L, Costuas K, Halet JF, Lapinte C. Hybrid molecular systems containing tetrathiafulvalene and iron-alkynyl electrophores: five-component functional molecules obtained from C-H bond activation. Chemistry 2013; 19:5742-57. [PMID: 23447398 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of [Cp*(dppe)Fe-C≡C-TTFMe3] (1) with Ag[PF6] (3 equiv) in DMF provides the binuclear complex [Cp*(dppe)Fe=C=C=TTFMe2 =CH-CH=TTFMe2 =C=C=Fe(dppe)Cp*][PF6]2 (2[PF6 ]2) isolated as a deep-blue powder in 69 % yield. EPR monitoring of the reaction and comparison of the experimental and calculated EPR spectra allowed the identification of the radical salt [Cp*(dppe)Fe=C=C=TTFMe2 =CH][PF6]2 ([1-CH][PF6]) an intermediate of the reaction, which results from the activation of the methyl group attached in vicinal position with respect to the alkynyl-iron on the TTF ligand by the triple oxidation of 1 leading to its deprotonation by the solvent. The dimerization of [1-CH][PF6] through carbon-carbon bond formation provides 2[PF6]2. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments show that 2[PF6]2 is subject to two sequential well-reversible one-electron reductions yielding the complexes 2[PF6] and 2. The CV also shows that further oxidation of 2[PF6]2 generates 2[PF6]n (n=3-6) at the electrode. Treatment of 2[PF6]2 with KOtBu provides 2[PF6] and 2 as stable powders. The salts 2[PF6] and 2[PF6]2 were characterized by XRD. The electronic structures of 2(n+) (n=0-2) were computed. The new complexes were also characterized by NMR, IR, Mössbauer, EPR, UV/Vis and NIR spectroscopies. The data show that the three complexes 2[PF6]n are iron(II) derivatives in the ground state. In the solid state, the dication 2(2+) is diamagnetic and has a bis(allenylidene-iron) structure with one positive charge on each iron building block. In solution, as a result of the thermal motion of the metal-carbon backbone, the triplet excited state becomes thermally accessible and equilibrium takes place between singlet and triplet states. In 2[PF6], the charge and the spin are both symmetrically distributed on the carbon bridge and only moderately on the iron and TTFMe2 electroactive centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Justaud
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR 6226 CNRS-Universté de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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26
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Charged and metallic molecular monolayers through surface-induced aromatic stabilization. Nat Chem 2013; 5:187-94. [PMID: 23422560 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Large π-conjugated molecules, when in contact with a metal surface, usually retain a finite electronic gap and, in this sense, stay semiconducting. In some cases, however, the metallic character of the underlying substrate is seen to extend onto the first molecular layer. Here, we develop a chemical rationale for this intriguing phenomenon. In many reported instances, we find that the conjugation length of the organic semiconductors increases significantly through the bonding of specific substituents to the metal surface and through the concomitant rehybridization of the entire backbone structure. The molecules at the interface are thus converted into different chemical species with a strongly reduced electronic gap. This mechanism of surface-induced aromatic stabilization helps molecules to overcome competing phenomena that tend to keep the metal Fermi level between their frontier orbitals. Our findings aid in the design of stable precursors for metallic molecular monolayers, and thus enable new routes for the chemical engineering of metal surfaces.
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27
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Kumar A, Heimbuch R, Poelsema B, Zandvliet HJW. Controlled transport through a single molecule. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2012; 24:082201. [PMID: 22311709 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/8/082201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate how an electrode-molecule-electrode junction can be controllably opened and closed by careful tuning of the contacts' interspace and voltage. The molecule, an octanethiol, flips to bridge a ~1 nm interspace between substrate and scanning tunnelling microscope tip when an electric field exceeds a threshold (switch 'on'). Reducing the field below this threshold value leads to the reproducible detachment of the octanethiol (switch 'off'). Once contacted, a further reduction of the contacts' interspace leads to an increase of the conductance of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Physics of Interfaces and Nanomaterials, MESAC Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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28
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Maruccio G. Molecular electronics: protein transistors strike gold. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 7:147-148. [PMID: 22367098 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2012.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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29
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Della Pia EA, Elliott M, Jones DD, Macdonald JE. Orientation-dependent electron transport in a single redox protein. ACS NANO 2012; 6:355-361. [PMID: 22088136 DOI: 10.1021/nn2036818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The redox-active protein cytochrome b(562) has been engineered to introduce pairs of thiol groups in the form of cysteine residues at specified sites. Successful STM imaging of the molecules adsorbed on a gold surface indicated that one thiol group controls the orientation of the molecule and that the protein maintains its native form under the experimental conditions. Stable protein-gold STM tip electrical contact was directly observed to form via the second free thiol group in current-voltage and current-distance measurements. Proteins with thiol contacts positioned across the protein's short axis displayed a conductance of (3.48 ± 0.05) × 10(-5)G(0). However proteins with thiol groups placed along the long axis reproducibly yielded two distinct values of (1.95 ± 0.03) × 10(-5)G(0) and (3.57 ± 0.11) × 10(-5)G(0), suggesting that the placement of the asymmetrically located haem within the protein influences electron transfer. In contrast, the unengineered wild-type cytochrome b(562) had conductance values at least 1 order of magnitude less. Here we show that an electron transfer protein engineered to bind gold surfaces can be controllably oriented and electrically contacted to metallic electrodes, a prerequisite for potential integration into electronic circuits.
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30
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Priyam A, Idris NM, Zhang Y. Gold nanoshell coated NaYF4nanoparticles for simultaneously enhanced upconversion fluorescence and darkfield imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm14040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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31
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Chang YH, Wang CH. Electroless deposition of Cu nanostructures on molecular patterns prepared by dip-pen nanolithography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13987h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Tokonami S, Yamamoto Y, Shiigi H, Nagaoka T. Synthesis and bioanalytical applications of specific-shaped metallic nanostructures: a review. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 716:76-91. [PMID: 22284881 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Many successful synthesis routes for producing different shapes of metallic nanostructures, including sphere, rod, cube, and hollow shapes, have been developed in the past few decades. Many applications using these nanostructures have been studied because the outstanding properties of the nanostructures are not exhibited by their bulk-state counterparts. This review paper reports some recent developments in clinical and biosensor applications. The first part focused on the synthesis methods of metallic nanostructures having various shapes along with their optical properties. The second and third part is an introduction of the gold nanoparticle assemblies and arrays, explaining the conjugation methods of metallic nanostructures with biological entities. The final part reviews on the recent bioanalytical applications using various shapes of metallic nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Tokonami
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Organization for the 21st Century, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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33
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Li Y, Yao J, Zou Z, Yang J, Le S. Theoretical study of the electron transport through aromatic molecular wires with different levels of conjugation. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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34
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Nikolić K, Forshaw M, Compañó R. The Current Status of Nanoelectronic Devices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x03001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last thirty years, many new physical phenomena have been discovered and suggested for use in data processing devices. Many, but not all, of these devices are described as "nanoelectronic", because one or more of their characteristic dimensions lie in the size range ≈1–100 nm. However, any new idea has a long way to go before it can achieve any practical value. It is necessary to develop and test a series of increasingly complicated structures. Starting from (1) the basic physical effect and its theoretical description, one must design and fabricate prototypes of (2) a single device, then (3) a simple circuit, then (4) functional units such as assemblies of logic gates or blocks of memory cells, and eventually (5) electronic chips. This article provides an overview of the development status of some of these device technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Nikolić
- Image Processing Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - M. Forshaw
- Image Processing Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - R. Compañó
- European Commission, Directorate General Information Society, Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium
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35
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Kumar R, Yan H, McCreery RL, Bergren AJ. Electron-beam evaporated silicon as a top contact for molecular electronic device fabrication. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:14318-24. [PMID: 21701710 DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20755e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This paper discusses the electronic properties of molecular devices made using covalently bonded molecular layers on carbon surfaces with evaporated silicon top contacts. The Cu "top contact" of previously reported carbon/molecule/Cu devices was replaced with e-beam deposited Si in order to avoid Cu oxidation or electromigration, and provide further insight into electron transport mechanisms. The fabrication and characterization of the devices is detailed, including a spectroscopic assessment of the molecular layer integrity after top contact deposition. The electronic, optical, and structural properties of the evaporated Si films are assessed in order to determine the optical gap, work function, and film structure, and show that the electron beam evaporated Si films are amorphous and have suitable conductivity for molecular junction fabrication. The electronic characteristics of Si top contact molecular junctions made using different molecular layer structures and thicknesses are used to evaluate electron transport in these devices. Finally, carbon/molecule/silicon devices are compared to analogous carbon/molecule/metal junctions and the possible factors that control the conductance of molecular devices with differing contact materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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36
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Kronemeijer AJ, Katsouras I, Huisman EH, van Hal PA, Geuns TCT, Blom PWM, de Leeuw DM. Universal scaling of the charge transport in large-area molecular junctions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2011; 7:1593-1598. [PMID: 21538870 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Charge transport through alkanes and para-phenylene oligomers is investigated in large-area molecular junctions. The molecules are self-assembled in a monolayer and contacted with a top electrode consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS). The complete set of J(V,T) characteristics of both saturated and π-conjugated molecules can be described quantitatively by a single equation with only two fit parameters. The derived parameters, in combination with a variation of the bulk conductivity of PEDOT:PSS, demonstrate that the absolute junction resistance is factorized with that of PEDOT:PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auke J Kronemeijer
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
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37
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Reuter MG, Seideman T, Ratner MA. Guidelines for choosing molecular “alligator clip” binding motifs in electron transport devices. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:154708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3581097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Yu G, Kushwaha A, Lee JK, Shaqfeh ESG, Bao Z. The shear flow processing of controlled DNA tethering and stretching for organic molecular electronics. ACS NANO 2011; 5:275-282. [PMID: 21126082 DOI: 10.1021/nn102669b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
DNA has been recently explored as a powerful tool for developing molecular scaffolds for making reproducible and reliable metal contacts to single organic semiconducting molecules. A critical step in the process of exploiting DNA-organic molecule-DNA (DOD) array structures is the controlled tethering and stretching of DNA molecules. Here we report the development of reproducible surface chemistry for tethering DNA molecules at tunable density and demonstrate shear flow processing as a rationally controlled approach for stretching/aligning DNA molecules of various lengths. Through enzymatic cleavage of λ-phage DNA to yield a series of DNA chains of various lengths from 17.3 μm down to 4.2 μm, we have investigated the flow/extension behavior of these tethered DNA molecules under different flow strengths in the flow-gradient plane. We compared Brownian dynamic simulations for the flow dynamics of tethered λ-DNA in shear, and found our flow-gradient plane experimental results matched well with our bead-spring simulations. The shear flow processing demonstrated in our studies represents a controllable approach for tethering and stretching DNA molecules of various lengths. Together with further metallization of DNA chains within DOD structures, this bottom-up approach can potentially enable efficient and reliable fabrication of large-scale nanoelectronic devices based on single organic molecules, therefore opening opportunities in both fundamental understanding of charge transport at the single molecular level and many exciting applications for ever-shrinking molecular circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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39
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Motoyama K, Li H, Koike T, Hatakeyama M, Yokojima S, Nakamura S, Akita M. Photo- and electro-chromic organometallics with dithienylethene (DTE) linker, L2CpM-DTE-MCpL2: Dually stimuli-responsive molecular switch. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:10643-57. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10727e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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40
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41
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Lee G, Chae K, Cho E, Kim W. Spectroscopic evidence against tetra-σ adsorption configurations of on Ge(100). Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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42
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Díez A, Fernández J, Lalinde E, Moreno MT, Sánchez S. High-nuclearity Pt-Tl-Fe complexes: structural, electrochemistry, and spectroelectrochemistry studies. Inorg Chem 2010; 49:11606-18. [PMID: 21082856 DOI: 10.1021/ic102000s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteropolynuclear Pt-Tl-Fe complexes have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The final structures strongly depend on the geometry of the precursor and the Pt/Tl ratio used. Thus, the anionic heteroleptic cis-configured [cis-Pt(C(6)F(5))(2)(C≡CFc)(2)](2-) and [Pt(bzq)(C≡CFc)(2)](-) (Fc = ferrocenyl) complexes react with Tl(+) to form discrete octanuclear (PPh(3)Me)(2)[{trans,cis,cis-PtTl(C(6)F(5))(2)(C≡CFc)(2)}(2)] (1), [PtTl(bzq)(C≡CFc)(2)](2) (5; bzq = benzoquinolate), and decanuclear [trans,cis,cis-PtTl(2)(C(6)F(5))(2)(C≡CFc)(2)](2) (3) derivatives, stabilized by both Pt(II)···Tl(I) and Tl(I)···η(2)(alkynyl) bonds. By contrast, Q(2)[trans-Pt(C(6)F(5))(2)(C≡CFc)(2)] (Q = NBu(4)) reacts with Tl(+) to give the one-dimensional (1-D) anionic [(NBu(4)){trans,trans,trans-PtTl(C(6)F(5))(2)(C≡CFc)(2)}](n) (2) and neutral [trans,trans,trans-PtTl(2)(C(6)F(5))(2)(C≡CFc)(2)](n) (4) polymeric chains based on [PtFc(2)](2-) platinate fragments and Tl(+) (2) or [Tl···Tl](2+) (4) units, respectively, connected by Pt(II)···Tl(I) and secondary weak κ-η(1) (2) or η(2) (4) alkynyl···Tl(I) bonding. The formation of 1-4 is reversible, and thus treatment of neutral 3 and 4 with PPh(3)MeBr causes the precipitation of TlBr, returning toward the formation of the anionic 1 and 2' (Q = PPh(3)Me). Two slightly different pseudopolymorphs were found for 2', depending on the crystallization solvent. Finally, the reaction of the homoleptic [Pt(C≡CFc)(4)](2-) with 2 equiv of Tl(+) affords the tetradecanuclear sandwich type complex [Pt(2)Tl(4)(C≡CFc)(8)] (6). Electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and theoretical studies have been carried out to elucidate the effect produced by the interaction of the Tl(+) with the Pt-C≡CFc fragments. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) of 1-5 reveal that, in general, neutralization of the anionic fragments increases the stability of the fully oxidized species and gives higher E(1/2) (Fc) values than those observed in their precursors, increasing with the number of Pt-Tl bonding interactions. However, the electronic communication between Fc groups is reduced or even lost upon Tl(+) coordination, as confirmed by electrochemical (CVs and DPVs voltammograms, 1-5) and spectroelectrochemical (UV-vis-NIR, 2-4) studies. Complexes 2 and 4 still display some electronic interaction between the Fc groups, supported by the presence of an IVCT band in their UV-vis-NIR spectra of oxidized species and additional comparative DFT calculations with the precursor [trans-Pt(C(6)F(5))(2)(C≡CFc)(2)](2-) and complex 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Díez
- Departamento de Química--Grupo de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, UA-CSIC, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
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Theoretical studies of Pd metal deposition on the √3×√3 4-mercaptopyridine self-assembled monolayer. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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44
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Abstract
This article reviews the current status and future prospects for the use of nanomaterials and devices in memory technology. First, the status and continuing scaling trends of the flash memory are discussed. Then, a detailed discussion on technologies trying to replace flash in the near-term is provided. This includes phase change random access memory, Fe random access memory and magnetic random access memory. The long-term nanotechnology prospects for memory devices include carbon-nanotube-based memory, molecular electronics and memristors based on resistive materials such as TiO(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Chung
- WCU-Division of IT Convergence Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea
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45
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Keith JA, Jacob T. Atomic‐Level Elucidation of the Initial Stages of Self‐Assembled Monolayer Metallization and Nanoparticle Formation. Chemistry 2010; 16:12381-6. [PMID: 20845415 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201001396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Keith
- Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 47, 89081, Ulm (Germany), Fax: (+49) 731‐50‐25409
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, Albert‐Einstein‐Allee 47, 89081, Ulm (Germany), Fax: (+49) 731‐50‐25409
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46
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Gupta BK, Haranath D, Chawla S, Chander H, Singh VN, Shanker V. Self-catalytic synthesis, structure and properties of ultra-fine luminescent ZnO nanostructures for field emission applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 21:225709. [PMID: 20453282 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/22/225709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A facile method to produce high-quality ZnO nanostructures; either tetrapod (TP), nanotetraneedle (NTN) or multipod (MP) with a high degree of homogeneity for advanced field emission (FE) applications is presented. Among these nanostructures, NTN has been successfully employed to demonstrate enhanced current densities (2.6 mA cm(-2)), turn-on field (1.5 V microm(-1)) and field-enhancement factors (6930) over conventional multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), TP, MP and ZnO-spheroids. A comparative study of FE from various ZnO nanostructures, morphologies and site densities has lead to the conclusion that diameter of the tip is one of the vital parameters in enhancing the overall FE properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin Kumar Gupta
- National Physical Laboratory, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.
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47
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Tanaka Y, Ishisaka T, Inagaki A, Koike T, Lapinte C, Akita M. Photochromic Organometallics with a Dithienylethene (DTE) Bridge, [YCCDTECCY] (Y={MCp*(dppe)}): Photoswitchable Molecular Wire (M=Fe) versus Dual Photo- and Electrochromism (M=Ru). Chemistry 2010; 16:4762-76. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Stemmler M, Stefani FD, Bernhardt S, Bauer RE, Kreiter M, Müllen K, Knoll W. One-pot preparation of dendrimer-gold nanoparticle hybrids in a dipolar aprotic solvent. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:12425-12428. [PMID: 19785466 DOI: 10.1021/la902354e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple one-pot, one-step method to obtain stable and nearly monodisperse gold nanoparticles in dipolar aprotic solvents. Novel thiomethyl-functionalized polyphenylene dendrimers are used to control the growth and stabilize the nanoparticles in suspension. The dendrimer functionalized gold nanoparticles have an average size of roughly 10 nm and are stable in suspension for several weeks. The stability in dipolar aprotic solvents and the great functionalization flexibility offered by the dendrimers make these metal/dendrimer hybrid systems promising for applications such as nanophotonics, molecular electronics, and sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Stemmler
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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49
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Lee JK, Jäckel F, Moerner WE, Bao Z. Micrometer-sized DNA-single-fluorophore-DNA supramolecule: synthesis and single-molecule characterization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2009; 5:2418-23. [PMID: 19517486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of single-fluorophore-bis(micrometer-sized DNA) triblock supramolecules and the optical and structural characterization of the construct at the single-molecule level is reported. A fluorophore-bis(oligodeoxynucleotide) triblock is synthesized via the amide-coupling reaction. Subsequent protocols of DNA hybridization/ligation are developed to form the supramolecular triblock structure with lambda-DNA fragments on the micrometer length scale. The successful synthesis of the micrometer-sized DNA-single-fluorophore-DNA supramolecule is confirmed by agarose gel electrophoresis with fluorescence imaging under UV excitation. Single triblock structures are directly imaged by combined scanning force microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, and provide unambiguous confirmation of the existence of the single fluorophore inserted in the middle of the long DNA. This type of triblock structure is a step closer to providing a scaffold for single-molecule electronic devices after metallization of the DNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungkyu K Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA
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50
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Jin Y, Gao X. Plasmonic fluorescent quantum dots. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 4:571-6. [PMID: 19734929 PMCID: PMC2773548 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Combining multiple discrete components into a single multifunctional nanoparticle could be useful in a variety of applications. Retaining the unique optical and electrical properties of each component after nanoscale integration is, however, a long-standing problem. It is particularly difficult when trying to combine fluorophores such as semiconductor quantum dots with plasmonic materials such as gold, because gold and other metals can quench the fluorescence. So far, the combination of quantum dot fluorescence with plasmonically active gold has only been demonstrated on flat surfaces. Here, we combine fluorescent and plasmonic activities in a single nanoparticle by controlling the spacing between a quantum dot core and an ultrathin gold shell with nanometre precision through layer-by-layer assembly. Our wet-chemistry approach provides a general route for the deposition of ultrathin gold layers onto virtually any discrete nanostructure or continuous surface, and should prove useful for multimodal bioimaging, interfacing with biological systems, reducing nanotoxicity, modulating electromagnetic fields and contacting nanostructures.
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