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Bardakov R, Krejci R, Riipinen I, Ekman AML. The Role of Convective Up- and Downdrafts in the Transport of Trace Gases in the Amazon. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:e2022JD037265. [PMID: 36591340 PMCID: PMC9787969 DOI: 10.1029/2022jd037265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Deep convective clouds can redistribute gaseous species and particulate matter among different layers of the troposphere with important implications for atmospheric chemistry and climate. The large number of atmospheric trace gases of different volatility makes it challenging to predict their partitioning between hydrometeors and gas phase inside highly dynamic deep convective clouds. In this study, we use an ensemble of 51,200 trajectories simulated with a cloud-resolving model to characterize up- and downdrafts within Amazonian deep convective clouds. We also estimate the transport of a set of hypothetical non-reactive gases of different volatility, within the up- and downdrafts. We find that convective air parcels originating from the boundary layer (i.e., originating at 0.5 km altitude), can transport up to 25% of an intermediate volatility gas species (e.g., methyl hydrogen peroxide) and up to 60% of high volatility gas species (e.g., n-butane) to the cloud outflow above 10 km through the mean convective updraft. At the same time, the same type of gases can be transported to the boundary layer from the middle troposphere (i.e., originating at 5 km) within the mean convective downdraft with an efficiency close to 100%. Low volatility gases (e.g., nitric acid) are not efficiently transported, neither by the updrafts nor downdrafts, if the gas is assumed to be fully retained in a droplet upon freezing. The derived properties of the mean up- and downdraft can be used in future studies for investigating convective transport of a larger set of reactive trace gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Bardakov
- Department of MeteorologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES)Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Radovan Krejci
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES)Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Department of Environmental Science (ACES)Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Annica M. L. Ekman
- Department of MeteorologyStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
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Bergman JW, Jensen EJ, Pfister L, Yang Q. Seasonal differences of vertical-transport efficiency in the tropical tropopause layer: On the interplay between tropical deep convection, large-scale vertical ascent, and horizontal circulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Freud E, Rosenfeld D. Linear relation between convective cloud drop number concentration and depth for rain initiation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barahona D, Rodriguez J, Nenes A. Sensitivity of the global distribution of cirrus ice crystal concentration to heterogeneous freezing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lawson RP, Jensen E, Mitchell DL, Baker B, Mo Q, Pilson B. Microphysical and radiative properties of tropical clouds investigated in TC4 and NAMMA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Toon OB, Starr DO, Jensen EJ, Newman PA, Platnick S, Schoeberl MR, Wennberg PO, Wofsy SC, Kurylo MJ, Maring H, Jucks KW, Craig MS, Vasques MF, Pfister L, Rosenlof KH, Selkirk HB, Colarco PR, Kawa SR, Mace GG, Minnis P, Pickering KE. Planning, implementation, and first results of the Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling Experiment (TC4). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ansmann A, Tesche M, Seifert P, Althausen D, Engelmann R, Fruntke J, Wandinger U, Mattis I, Müller D. Evolution of the ice phase in tropical altocumulus: SAMUM lidar observations over Cape Verde. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang M, Penner JE, Liu X. Coupled IMPACT aerosol and NCAR CAM3 model: Evaluation of predicted aerosol number and size distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wu J, Del Genio AD, Yao MS, Wolf AB. WRF and GISS SCM simulations of convective updraft properties during TWP-ICE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Barahona D, Nenes A. Parameterization of cirrus cloud formation in large-scale models: Homogeneous nucleation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sayres DS, Smith JB, Pittman JV, Weinstock EM, Anderson JG, Heymsfield G, Li L, Fridlind AM, Ackerman AS. Validation and determination of ice water content-radar reflectivity relationships during CRYSTAL-FACE: Flight requirements for future comparisons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Sayres
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - J. B. Smith
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - J. V. Pittman
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Marshall Space Flight Center; NASA; Huntsville Alabama USA
| | - E. M. Weinstock
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - J. G. Anderson
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - G. Heymsfield
- Goddard Space Flight Center; NASA; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - L. Li
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - A. M. Fridlind
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; New York New York USA
| | - A. S. Ackerman
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies; New York New York USA
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Rosenfeld D, Woodley WL, Lerner A, Kelman G, Lindsey DT. Satellite detection of severe convective storms by their retrieved vertical profiles of cloud particle effective radius and thermodynamic phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tao WK, Li X, Khain A, Matsui T, Lang S, Simpson J. Role of atmospheric aerosol concentration on deep convective precipitation: Cloud-resolving model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jensen EJ, Ackerman AS, Smith JA. Can overshooting convection dehydrate the tropical tropopause layer? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Prenni AJ, DeMott PJ, Twohy C, Poellot MR, Kreidenweis SM, Rogers DC, Brooks SD, Richardson MS, Heymsfield AJ. Examinations of ice formation processes in Florida cumuli using ice nuclei measurements of anvil ice crystal particle residues. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Prenni
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Paul J. DeMott
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Cynthia Twohy
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences; Oregon State University; Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - Michael R. Poellot
- Department of Atmospheric Science; University of North Dakota; Grand Forks North Dakota USA
| | - Sonia M. Kreidenweis
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - David C. Rogers
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Sarah D. Brooks
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
| | - Mathews S. Richardson
- Department of Atmospheric Science; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado USA
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Khvorostyanov VI, Morrison H, Curry JA, Baumgardner D, Lawson P. High supersaturation and modes of ice nucleation in thin tropopause cirrus: Simulation of the 13 July 2002 Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers case. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lopez JP, Fridlind AM, Jost HJ, Loewenstein M, Ackerman AS, Campos TL, Weinstock EM, Sayres DS, Smith JB, Pittman JV, Hallar AG, Avallone LM, Davis SM, Herman RL. CO signatures in subtropical convective clouds and anvils during CRYSTAL-FACE: An analysis of convective transport and entrainment using observations and a cloud-resolving model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Cui Z, Carslaw KS, Yin Y, Davies S. A numerical study of aerosol effects on the dynamics and microphysics of a deep convective cloud in a continental environment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Liu X. Global modeling of aerosol dynamics: Model description, evaluation, and interactions between sulfate and nonsulfate aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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