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Shchepetilnikov AV, Khisameeva AR, Andreeva SA, Nikolaev GA, Fedotova YV, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Kukushkin IV. Pseudospin Quantum Hall Ferromagnetism Probed by Electron Spin Resonance. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:096301. [PMID: 39270201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.096301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
We study the effect of the pseudospin ferromagnetism with the aid of an electrically detected electron spin resonance in a wide AlAs quantum well containing a high quality two-dimensional electron system. Here, pseudospin emerges as a two-component degree of freedom, that labels degenerate energy minima in momentum space populated by electrons. The built-in mechanical strain in the sample studied imposes a finite "Zeeman" splitting between the pseudospin "up" and "down" states. Because of the anisotropy of the electron spin splitting we were able to independently measure the electron spin resonances originating from the two in-plane valleys. By analyzing the relative resonance amplitudes, we were able to investigate the ferromagnetic phase transitions taking place at integer filling factors of the quantum Hall effect when the magnetic field is tilted. The pseudospin nature of these transitions is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - C Reichl
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Das M, Roy S, Mahalingam K, Ganesan V, Mandal P. Anomalous magnetic properties of RCrTiO 5 (R = Dy and Ho) compounds. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2020; 32:035802. [PMID: 31561240 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab48bb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the nature of magnetic ground state of RCrTiO5 (R = Dy and Ho) through dc magnetization and heat capacity measurements. Due to the strong competition between the Cr3+ and R 3+ sublattice moments, several intriguing phenomena have been observed when the magnetic state is probed at low field. In both the systems, the Cr3+ sublattice undergoes a long-range antiferromagnetic ordering below ∼139 K with a weak ferromagnetic (FM) moment perpendicular to c axis as evident from the hysteresis in M(H) curve. At low fields ([Formula: see text]150 Oe), the zero-field-cooled magnetization shows that the FM component of Cr3+ spin and R 3+ moments align in the opposite direction with respect to each other and the net moment aligns in the opposite direction to the applied field in the temperature range 136-16 K for DyCrTiO5 and below 128 K for HoCrTiO5. For both the samples, the strong coupling between the two magnetic sublattices is manifested in the temperature dependence of coercive field. Another interesting phenomenon, the spin reorientation transition, has been observed below [Formula: see text] K, where the easy axis of FM moment of Cr3+ starts to rotate from one crystallographic axis toward another in DyCrTiO5 but no such transition has been observed in HoCrTiO5. The other members of RCrTiO5 series do not show such kinds of interesting magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Das
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Calcutta 700064, India
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Hama Y, Munro WJ, Nemoto K. Relaxation to Negative Temperatures in Double Domain Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:060403. [PMID: 29481223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.060403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The engineering of quantum systems and their environments has led to our ability now to design composite or complex systems with the properties one desires. In fact, this allows us to couple two or more distinct systems to the same environment where potentially unusual behavior and dynamics can be exhibited. In this Letter we investigate the relaxation of two giant spins or collective spin ensembles individually coupled to the same reservoir. We find that, depending on the configuration of the two individual spin ensembles, the steady state of the composite system does not necessarily reach the ground state of the individual systems, unlike what one would expect for independent environments. Further, when the size of one individual spin ensemble is much larger than the second, collective relaxation can drive the second system to an excited steady state even when it starts in the ground state; that is, the second spin ensemble relaxes towards a negative-temperature steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Hama
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
| | - William J Munro
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kae Nemoto
- National Institute of Informatics, 2-1-2 Hitotsubashi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8430, Japan
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Yang K, Nagase K, Hirayama Y, Mishima TD, Santos MB, Liu H. Role of chiral quantum Hall edge states in nuclear spin polarization. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15084. [PMID: 28425462 PMCID: PMC5411482 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistively detected NMR (RDNMR) based on dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) in a quantum Hall ferromagnet (QHF) is a highly sensitive method for the discovery of fascinating quantum Hall phases; however, the mechanism of this DNP and, in particular, the role of quantum Hall edge states in it are unclear. Here we demonstrate the important but previously unrecognized effect of chiral edge modes on the nuclear spin polarization. A side-by-side comparison of the RDNMR signals from Hall bar and Corbino disk configurations allows us to distinguish the contributions of bulk and edge states to DNP in QHF. The unidirectional current flow along chiral edge states makes the polarization robust to thermal fluctuations at high temperatures and makes it possible to observe a reciprocity principle of the RDNMR response. These findings help us better understand complex NMR responses in QHF, which has important implications for the development of RDNMR techniques. Quantum Hall phases in two-dimensional systems have chiral edges, along which electrons propagate in one direction without backscattering. Here, the authors use nuclear magnetic resonance to demonstrate how chiral modes establish dynamical nuclear polarization in a quantum Hall ferromagnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Yang
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Katsumi Nagase
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Hirayama
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Tetsuya D Mishima
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-2061, USA
| | - Michael B Santos
- Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-2061, USA
| | - Hongwu Liu
- State Key Lab of Superhard Materials, Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Manipulation of a Nuclear Spin by a Magnetic Domain Wall in a Quantum Hall Ferromagnet. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43553. [PMID: 28262758 PMCID: PMC5337906 DOI: 10.1038/srep43553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The manipulation of a nuclear spin by an electron spin requires the energy to flip the electron spin to be vanishingly small. This can be realized in a many electron system with degenerate ground states of opposite spin polarization in different Landau levels. We present here a microscopic theory of a domain wall between spin unpolarized and spin polarized quantum Hall ferromagnet states at filling factor two with the Zeeman energy comparable to the cyclotron energy. We determine the energies and many-body wave functions of the electronic quantum Hall droplet with up to N = 80 electrons as a function of the total spin, angular momentum, cyclotron and Zeeman energies from the spin singlet ν = 2 phase, through an intermediate polarization state exhibiting a domain wall to the fully spin-polarized phase involving the lowest and the second Landau levels. We demonstrate that the energy needed to flip one electron spin in a domain wall becomes comparable to the energy needed to flip the nuclear spin. The orthogonality of orbital electronic states is overcome by the many-electron character of the domain - the movement of the domain wall relative to the position of the nuclear spin enables the manipulation of the nuclear spin by electrical means.
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Moore JN, Hayakawa J, Mano T, Noda T, Yusa G. Optically Imaged Striped Domains of Nonequilibrium Electronic and Nuclear Spins in a Fractional Quantum Hall Liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:076802. [PMID: 28256890 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.076802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using photoluminescence microscopy enhanced by magnetic resonance, we visualize in real space both electron and nuclear polarization occurring in nonequilibrium fraction quantum Hall (FQH) liquids. We observe stripelike domain regions comprising FQH excited states which discretely form when the FQH liquid is excited by a source-drain current. These regions are deformable and give rise to bidirectionally polarized nuclear spins as spin-resolved electrons flow across their boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Moore
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | | | - Takaaki Mano
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Go Yusa
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Miyamoto S, Miura T, Watanabe S, Nagase K, Hirayama Y. Localized NMR Mediated by Electrical-Field-Induced Domain Wall Oscillation in Quantum-Hall-Ferromagnet Nanowire. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1596-1601. [PMID: 26885703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present fractional quantum Hall domain walls confined in a gate-defined wire structure. Our experiments utilize spatial oscillation of domain walls driven by radio frequency electric fields to cause nuclear magnetic resonance. The resulting spectra are discussed in terms of both large quadrupole fields created around the wire and hyperfine fields associated with the oscillating domain walls. This provides the experimental fact that the domain walls survive near the confined geometry despite of potential deformation, by which a localized magnetic resonance is allowed in electrical means.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miyamoto
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - T Miura
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University , Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - K Nagase
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Hirayama
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University , 6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University , 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Karmakar B, Pellegrini V, Pinczuk A, Pfeiffer LN, West KW. First-order quantum phase transition of excitons in quantum Hall bilayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:036802. [PMID: 19257378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.036802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We show that the quantum phase transformation between compressible metallic and incompressible excitonic states in the coupled bilayers at total Landau level filling factor nuT=1 becomes discontinuous (first order) by impacts of different terms of the electron-electron interactions that prevail on weak residual disorder. The evidence is based on precise determinations of the excitonic order parameter by inelastic light scattering measurements close to the phase boundary. While there is marked softening of low-lying excitations, our experiments underpin the roles of competing order parameters linked to quasiparticle correlations in removing the divergence of quantum fluctuations.
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Kumada N, Muraki K, Hirayama Y. NMR evidence for spin canting in a bilayer nu=2 quantum hall system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 99:076805. [PMID: 17930917 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.076805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the electron spin states in the bilayer quantum Hall system at total Landau level filling factor nu=2 exploiting current-pumped and resistively detected NMR. The measured Knight shift, K(S), of 75As nuclei reveals continuous variation of the out-of-plane electronic spin polarization between nearly full and zero as a function of density imbalance. Nuclear spin relaxation measurements indicate a concurrent development of an in-plane spin component. These results provide direct information on the spin configuration in this system and comprise strong evidence for the spin canting suggested by previous experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kumada
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi 243-0198, Japan
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Zhang XC, Scott GD, Jiang HW. NMR probing of spin excitations in the ring structure of a two-subband system. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:246802. [PMID: 17677981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.246802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Resistively detected nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is observed inside the ringlike structure, with a quantized Hall conductance of 6e(2)/h, in the phase diagram of a two-subband electron system. The NMR signal persists up to 470 mK and is absent in other states with the same quantized Hall conductance. The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation time T1, is found to decrease rapidly towards the ring center. A strong dynamic nuclear polarization by the biasing current has also been observed only inside the ring. These observations are consistent with the assertion of the ringlike region being a ferromagnetic state that is accompanied by collective spin excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- X C Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California at Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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