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Zhu GL, Hu CS, Wang H, Qin W, Lü XY, Nori F. Nonreciprocal Superradiant Phase Transitions and Multicriticality in a Cavity QED System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:193602. [PMID: 38804940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.193602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate the emergence of nonreciprocal superradiant phase transitions and novel multicriticality in a cavity quantum electrodynamics system, where a two-level atom interacts with two counterpropagating modes of a whispering-gallery-mode microcavity. The cavity rotates at a certain angular velocity and is directionally squeezed by a unidirectional parametric pumping χ^{(2)} nonlinearity. The combination of cavity rotation and directional squeezing leads to nonreciprocal first- and second-order superradiant phase transitions. These transitions do not require ultrastrong atom-field couplings and can be easily controlled by the external pump field. Through a full quantum description of the system Hamiltonian, we identify two types of multicritical points in the phase diagram, both of which exhibit controllable nonreciprocity. These results open a new door for all-optical manipulation of superradiant transitions and multicritical behaviors in light-matter systems, with potential applications in engineering various integrated nonreciprocal quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Lei Zhu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chang-Sheng Hu
- Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wei Qin
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin-You Lü
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum Computing Center, RIKEN, Wakoshi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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2
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Lowinski J, Heller L, Hoffet F, Padrón-Brito A, Theophilo K, de Riedmatten H. Strongly Nonlinear Interaction between Nonclassical Light and a Blockaded Rydberg Atomic Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:053001. [PMID: 38364169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the interaction between nonclassical light with a tunable multiphoton component and a highly nonlinear medium based on cold Rydberg atoms. The nonclassical field emitted by a DLCZ quantum memory is stored using Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency, experiencing strong nonlinear response due to the dipole blockade. We show that the storage efficiency in the Rydberg ensemble decreases as a function of the multiphoton strength of the input field, as a result of the nonlinearity. We also show that the autocorrelation function g^{(2)}(0) of the retrieved field after storage in the Rydberg state is considerably reduced, leading to the first demonstration of single photon filtering with nonclassical input light. Finally, we develop a simple simulation that allows us to model the effect of our medium on the input state. This work is a step towards matter-mediated photon-photon interactions with nonclassical light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lowinski
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Lukas Heller
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Félix Hoffet
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | | | - Klara Theophilo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Yang Y, Lu J, ZHou L. Control of photon-photon interaction via a cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:39784-39795. [PMID: 38041293 DOI: 10.1364/oe.497335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the interaction between photons is one of the important technologies applied to quantum information processing at the few-photon level. We investigate the two-photon interaction via a Ξ-type atom, where one atomic transition is coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide, and the other transition is coupled to a cavity field. Whether the cavity is initially in the vacuum state or not, determines the effective configuration of the quantum emitter. When the cavity is in the vacuum state, only one bound state appears. We further found that the joint probability of transmitted photons oscillates with their spatial separation due to the coexistence of two bound states, if the cavity is in fock state |n〉 (n ≠ 0). With the incoming wave function consists entirely of plane waves, we present the exact out-state function that exhibit the bunching and antibunching behaviors. And, we discuss in detail with the behaviors of varying both the photon pair energy(E) and the energy difference between the two photons (Δ). Moreover, the spatial attraction and repulsion between the two transmitted photons can be controlled by the parameters of the cavity.
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4
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Li H, Liu M, Yang F, Zhang S, Ruan S. Phase-Controlled Tunable Unconventional Photon Blockade in a Single-Atom-Cavity System. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2123. [PMID: 38004980 PMCID: PMC10673575 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, cavity optomechanical systems have received extensive attention and research and have achieved rapid development both theoretically and experimentally. The systems play an important role in many fields, such as quantum information processing, optomechanical storage, high-precision measurement, macroscopic entanglement, ultrasensitive sensors and so on. Photon manipulation has always been one of the key tasks in quantum information science and technology. Photon blockade is an important way to realize single photon sources and plays an important role in the field of quantum information. Due to the nonlinear coupling of the optical force system, the energy level is not harmonic, resulting in a photon blockade effect. In this paper, we study the phase-controlled tunable unconventional photon blockade in a single-atom-cavity system, and the second-order nonlinear crystals are attached to the cavity. The cavity interacts with squeezed light, which results in a nonlinear process. The system is driven by a complex pulsed laser, and the strength of the coherent driving contains the phase. We want to study the effect of squeezed light and phase. We use the second-order correlation function to numerically and theoretically analyze the photon blockade effect. We show that quantum interference of two-photon excitation between three different transition pathways can cause a photon blockade effect. When there is no squeezed light, the interference pathways becomes two, but there are still photon blockade effects. We explore the influence of the tunable phase and second-order nonlinear strength on the photon blockade effect. We calculate the correlation function and compare the numerical results with the analytical results under certain parameters and find that the agreement is better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China; (M.L.); (F.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Ming Liu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China; (M.L.); (F.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Feng Yang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China; (M.L.); (F.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Quantum Information Technology, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, China; (M.L.); (F.Y.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shengping Ruan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics and College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
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Gao XC, Wu XJ, Bai CH, Wu SX, Yu CS. Photon blockade with a trapped Λ-type three-level atom in asymmetrical cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36796-36809. [PMID: 38017822 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to manipulate strong and nonreciprocal photon blockades in asymmetrical Fabry-Perot cavity with a Λ-type three-level atom. Utilizing the mechanisms of both conventional and unconventional blockade, the strong photon blockade is achieved by the anharmonic eigenenergy spectrum brought by Λ-type atom and the destructive quantum interference effect induced by a microwave field. By optimizing the system parameters, the manipulation of strong photon blockade over a wide range of cavity detuning can be realized. Using spatial symmetry breaking introduced by the asymmetry of cavity, the direction-dependent nonreciprocal photon blockade can be achieved, and the nonreciprocity can reach the maximum at optimal cavity detuning. In particular, manipulating the occurring position of nonreciprocal photon blockade can be implemented by simply adjusting the cavity detuning. Our scheme provides feasible access for generating high-quality nonreciprocal single-photon sources.
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Fang Y, Zhong W, Cheng G, Chen A. Magnon-photon cross-correlations via optical nonlinearity in cavity magnonical system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27381-27392. [PMID: 37710815 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose an alternative scheme to achieve the cross-correlations between magnon and photon in a hybrid nonlinear system including two microwave cavities and one yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, where two cavities nonlinearly interact and meanwhile one of cavities couples to magnon representing the collective excitation in YIG sphere via magnetic dipole interaction. Based on dispersive couplings between two cavities and between one cavity and magnon with the larger detunings, the nonlinear interaction occurs between the other cavity and magnon, which plays a crucial role in generating quantum correlations. By analyzing the second-order correlation functions via numerical simulations and analytical calculations, the remarkable nonclassical correlations are existent in such a system, where the magnon blockade and photon antibunching could be obtainable on demand. The scheme we present is focused on the magnon-photon cross-correlations in the weak coupling regime and relaxes the requirements of experimental conditions, which may have potential applications in quantum information processing in the hybrid system.
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Liu Y, Wang Z, Yang P, Wang Q, Fan Q, Guan S, Li G, Zhang P, Zhang T. Realization of Strong Coupling between Deterministic Single-Atom Arrays and a High-Finesse Miniature Optical Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:173601. [PMID: 37172253 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.173601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate strong coupling between a one-dimensional (1D) single-atom array and a high-finesse miniature cavity. The atom array is obtained by loading single atoms into a 1D optical tweezer array with dimensions of 1×11. Therefore, a deterministic number of atoms is obtained, and the atom number is determined by imaging the atom array on a CCD camera in real time. By precisely controlling the position and spacing of the atom array in the high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity, all the atoms in the array are strongly coupled to the cavity simultaneously. The vacuum Rabi splitting spectra are discriminated for deterministic atom numbers from 1 to 8, and the sqrt[N] dependence of the collective enhancement of the coupling strength on atom number N is validated at the single-atom level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qinxia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shijun Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China and Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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8
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Tang J. Quantum switching between nonclassical correlated single photons and two-photon bundles in a two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:12471-12486. [PMID: 37157406 DOI: 10.1364/oe.487297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme to realize a two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model for a single atom inside an optical cavity. It is shown that the interplay of a laser detuning and atom (cavity) pump (driven) field gives rise to the strong single photon blockade, two-photon bundles, and photon-induced tunneling. With the cavity driven field, strong photon blockade occurs in the weak coupling regime, and switching between single photon blockade and photon-induced tunneling at two-photon resonance are achievable via increasing the driven strength. By turning on the atom pump field, quantum switching between two-photon bundles and photon-induced tunneling at four-photon resonance are realized. More interestingly, the high-quality quantum switching between single photon blockade, two-photon bundles, and photon-induced tunneling at three-photon resonance is achieved with combining the atom pump and cavity driven fields simultaneously. In contrast to the standard two-level Jaynes-Cummings model, our scheme with generating a two-photon (multi-photon) Jaynes-Cummings model reveals a prominent strategy to engineer a series of special nonclassical quantum states, which may pave the way for investigating basic quantum devices to implement in quantum information processing and quantum networks.
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Liu CW, Liu Y, Du L, Su WJ, Wu H, Li Y. Enhanced sensing of optomechanically induced nonlinearity by linewidth suppression and optical bistability in cavity-waveguide systems. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:9236-9250. [PMID: 37157497 DOI: 10.1364/oe.482075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the enhanced sensing of optomechanically induced nonlinearity (OMIN) in a cavity-waveguide coupled system. The Hamiltonian of the system is anti-PT symmetric, with the two involved cavities being dissipatively coupled via the waveguide. The anti-PT symmetry may break down when a weak waveguide-mediated coherent coupling is introduced. However, we find a strong bistable response of the cavity intensity to the OMIN near the cavity resonance, benefiting from linewidth suppression caused by the vacuum induced coherence. The joint effect of optical bistability and the linewidth suppression is inaccessible by the anti-PT symmetric system involving only dissipative coupling. Due to that, the sensitivity measured by an enhancement factor is greatly enhanced by two orders of magnitude compared to that for the anti-PT symmetric model. Moreover, the enhancement factor shows resistance to a reasonably large cavity decay and robustness to fluctuations in the cavity-waveguide detuning. Based on the integrated optomechanical cavity-waveguide systems, the scheme can be used for sensing different physical quantities related to the single-photon coupling strength and has potential applications in high-precision measurements with systems involving Kerr-type nonlinearity.
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Zhou X, Tamura H, Chang TH, Hung CL. Coupling Single Atoms to a Nanophotonic Whispering-Gallery-Mode Resonator via Optical Guiding. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:103601. [PMID: 36962011 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an efficient optical guiding technique for coupling cold atoms in the near field of a planar nanophotonic circuit, and realize large atom-photon coupling to a whispering-gallery mode in a microring resonator with a single-atom cooperativity C≳8. The guiding potential is created by diffracted light on a nanophotonic waveguide that smoothly connects to a dipole trap in the far field for atom guiding with subwavelength precision. We observe atom-induced transparency for light coupled to a microring, characterize the atom-photon coupling rate, extract guided atom flux, and demonstrate on-chip photon routing by single atoms. Our demonstration promises new applications with cold atoms on a nanophotonic circuit for chiral quantum optics and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchao Zhou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Hikaru Tamura
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Tzu-Han Chang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Chen-Lung Hung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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11
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Abo S, Chimczak G, Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk A, Peřina J, Chhajlany R, Miranowicz A. Hybrid photon-phonon blockade. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17655. [PMID: 36271120 PMCID: PMC9587303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel type of blockade in a hybrid mode generated by linear coupling of photonic and phononic modes. We refer to this effect as hybrid photon-phonon blockade and show how it can be generated and detected in a driven nonlinear optomechanical superconducting system. Thus, we study boson-number correlations in the photon, phonon, and hybrid modes in linearly coupled microwave and mechanical resonators with a superconducting qubit inserted in one of them. We find such system parameters for which we observe eight types of different combinations of either blockade or tunnelling effects (defined via the sub- and super-Poissonian statistics, respectively) for photons, phonons, and hybrid bosons. In particular, we find that the hybrid photon-phonon blockade can be generated by mixing the photonic and phononic modes which do not exhibit blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilan Abo
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Chimczak
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Kowalewska-Kudłaszyk
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jan Peřina
- Joint Laboratory of Optics of Palacký University and Institute of Physics of CAS, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ravindra Chhajlany
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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Li M, Zhang YL, Wu SH, Dong CH, Zou XB, Guo GC, Zou CL. Single-Mode Photon Blockade Enhanced by Bi-Tone Drive. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:043601. [PMID: 35939014 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.043601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A scheme for observing photon blockade in a single bosonic mode with weak nonlinearity is proposed and numerically verified. Using a simple bi-tone drive, sub- and super-Poissonian light can be generated with high fidelity. With a periodically poled lithium niobate microcavity, a sub-Poissonian photon source with kHz count rate can be realized. Our proposed scheme is robust against parameter variations of the cavity and extendable to any bosonic system with anharmonic energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Hao Wu
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Chun-Hua Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Bo Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhou NN, Zhang LQ, Yu CS. Mechanically controllable nonreciprocal transmission and perfect absorption of photons. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:24431-24442. [PMID: 36236998 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photon absorption and nonreciprocal photon transmission are studied in a rotating optical resonator coupled with an atomic ensemble. It is demonstrated that the perfect photon absorption is accompanied by optical bistability when the resonator is static. If the spinning detune is adjusted to some particular values, we find that the amplified unidirectional photon transmission can be realized. We have explicitly given the perfect photon absorption conditions and the maximal adjustable amplification rate. It is found that the coupling of the resonator and the atomic ensemble is necessary for perfect photon absorption, and the phase difference of the two input fields only affects the perfect absorption point. It gives new insight into the design of photon absorbers and optical switches.
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Ruan YP, Wu HD, Ge SJ, Tang L, Li ZX, Zhang H, Xu F, Hu W, Xiao M, Lu YQ, Xia KY. Ultralow-power all-optical switching via a chiral Mach-Zehnder interferometer. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:19199-19211. [PMID: 36221704 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is a challenge for all-optical switching to simultaneous achieve ultralow power consumption, broad bandwidth and high extinction ratio. We experimentally demonstrate an ultralow-power all-optical switching by exploiting chiral interaction between light and optically active material in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. We achieve switching extinction ratio of 20.0 ± 3.8 and 14.7 ± 2.8 dB with power cost of 66.1 ± 0.7 and 1.3 ± 0.1 fJ/bit, respectively. The bandwidth of our all-optical switching is about 4.2 GHz. Moreover, our all-optical switching has the potential to be operated at few-photon level. Our scheme paves the way towards ultralow-power and ultrafast all-optical information processing.
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15
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Xia X, Zhang X, Xu J, Li H, Fu Z, Yang Y. Improvement of nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade by two asymmetrical arranged atoms embedded in a cavity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:7907-7917. [PMID: 35299543 DOI: 10.1364/oe.450585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We improve the nonreciprocal unconventional photon blockade (UCPB) in an asymmetrical single-mode cavity with two asymmetrical arranged two-level atoms (TLAs) where cavity and atom spatial symmetry breakings are involved in. In order to get direction-dependent UCPB in asymmetrical system, we deduce two restrictions of frequency and intensity through the steady solution of the cavity QED system analytically. The former restriction is exactly the same as that of a single-atom case, and the latter restriction combined with both spatial asymmetries. Controllable UCPB in this model shows an improving nonreciprocal UCPB with wider operating regime which is promoted by two asymmetrical arranged atoms. The most innovation of this work is that the contributions of two spatial symmetry breakings are figured out clearly and they play different roles in nonreciprocal UCPB. The cavity spatial symmetry breaking and weak nonlinearity are essential to quantum nonreciprocity, while the atoms spatial symmetry is not and it only can promote such nonreciprocal UCPB. Our findings show a prospective access to manipulate quantum nonreciprocity by a couple of atoms.
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16
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Is Heralded Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence with Single Absorbers Possible with Current Technology? PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between single or a fixed number of photons with a single absorber is of fundamental interest in quantum technology. The harnessing of light matter interactions at the single particle limit has several potential applications ranging from quantum communication and quantum metrology to quantum imaging. In this perspective, a setup for heralded two-photon excited fluorescence at the single absorber level is proposed. The setup is based on a heralded two-photon source utilizing spontaneous parametric down-conversion, entanglement swapping and sum frequency generation for joint detection. This perspective aimed at triggering a discussion about the study of TPA and TPEF with only very few photons. The feasibility of the scheme is assessed by estimating the performance based on state-of-the-art technologies and losses, with the conclusion that the realization appears to be very challenging, but not completely impossible.
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17
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Wang Y, Verstraelen W, Zhang B, Liew TCH, Chong YD. Giant Enhancement of Unconventional Photon Blockade in a Dimer Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:240402. [PMID: 34951803 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.240402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional photon blockade refers to the suppression of multiphoton states in weakly nonlinear optical resonators via the destructive interference of different excitation pathways. It has been studied in a pair of coupled nonlinear resonators and other few-mode systems. Here, we show that unconventional photon blockade can be greatly enhanced in a chain of coupled resonators. The strength of the nonlinearity in each resonator needed to achieve unconventional photon blockade is suppressed exponentially with lattice size. The analytic derivation, based on a weak drive approximation, is validated by wave function Monte Carlo simulations. These findings show that customized lattices of coupled resonators can be powerful tools for controlling multiphoton quantum states.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Wang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - W Verstraelen
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Baile Zhang
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Y D Chong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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18
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Hu Q, Dong J, Yin J, Zou B, Zhang Y. Two-photon scattering and correlation in a four-terminal waveguide system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:35664-35677. [PMID: 34808996 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Scattering and correlation properties of a two-photon (TP) pulse are studied in a four-terminal waveguide system, i.e., two one-dimensional waveguides connected by a Jaynes-Cummings emitter (JCE). The wave function approach is utilized to exactly calculate the real-time dynamic evolution of the TP transport. When the width of the incident TP Gaussian pulse is much larger than the photon wavelength, the TP transmission spectra approach that of the corresponding single photon cases and are almost independent of the pulse width. On the contrary, as the pulse width is comparable to the photon wavelength, the TP transmission and correlation both show strong dependence on the pulse width. The resonant scattering due to the JCE and the photon interference together determine the TP correlation. When the distance between the TPs is small, the TP correlations between any two terminals for the scattered TP pulse are much different from those for the incident TP pulse and therefore, such a four-terminal waveguide system provides a way to control the TP correlation.
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Hinney J, Prasad AS, Mahmoodian S, Hammerer K, Rauschenbeutel A, Schneeweiss P, Volz J, Schemmer M. Unraveling Two-Photon Entanglement via the Squeezing Spectrum of Light Traveling through Nanofiber-Coupled Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:123602. [PMID: 34597106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.123602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We observe that a weak guided light field transmitted through an ensemble of atoms coupled to an optical nanofiber exhibits quadrature squeezing. From the measured squeezing spectrum we gain direct access to the phase and amplitude of the energy-time entangled part of the two-photon wave function which arises from the strongly correlated transport of photons through the ensemble. For small atomic ensembles we observe a spectrum close to the line shape of the atomic transition, while sidebands are observed for sufficiently large ensembles, in agreement with our theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we vary the detuning of the probe light with respect to the atomic resonance and infer the phase of the entangled two-photon wave function. From the amplitude and the phase of the spectrum, we reconstruct the real and imaginary part of the time-domain wave function. Our characterization of the entangled two-photon component constitutes a diagnostic tool for quantum optics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Hinney
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Adarsh S Prasad
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sahand Mahmoodian
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Klemens Hammerer
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Arno Rauschenbeutel
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Schneeweiss
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Volz
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, TU Wien-Atominstitut, Stadionallee 2, 1020 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
| | - Max Schemmer
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Song GZ, Guo JL, Nie W, Kwek LC, Long GL. Optical properties of a waveguide-mediated chain of randomly positioned atoms. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:1903-1917. [PMID: 33726395 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically study the optical properties of an ensemble of two-level atoms coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. In our model, the atoms are randomly located in the lattice sites along the one-dimensional waveguide. The results reveal that the optical transport properties of the atomic ensemble are influenced by the lattice constant and the filling factor of the lattice sites. We also focus on the atomic mirror configuration and quantify the effect of the inhomogeneous broadening in atomic resonant transition on the scattering spectrum. Furthermore, we find that initial bunching and persistent quantum beats appear in photon-photon correlation function of the transmitted field, which are significantly changed by the filling factor of the lattice sites. With great progress to interface quantum emitters with nanophotonics, our results should be experimentally realizable in the near future.
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21
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Nian LL, Wang T, Zhang ZQ, Wang JS, Lü JT. Effective Control of Photon Statistics from Electroluminescence by Fano-like Interference Effect. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8721-8726. [PMID: 32996769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The photon blockade induced by optical nonlinearity has been widely used to generate single-photon emission under optical driving in quantum optics. However, the same approach is difficult to achieve in electrically driven molecular junctions. Here we propose a scheme for tuning photon statistics via Fano-like interference effect in a system consisting of two molecules within one optical cavity. Under electrical pumping, a transition from photon bunching to antibunching takes place as a manifestation of the Fano-like interference. This effect persists even in the presence of the dipole-dipole interaction between molecules based on the parameters extracted from the experiments. Our proposal can be realized in current-carrying scanning tunneling microscope junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei-Lei Nian
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zu-Quan Zhang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jing-Tao Lü
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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22
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Ruddell SK, Webb KE, Takahata M, Kato S, Aoki T. Ultra-low-loss nanofiber Fabry-Perot cavities optimized for cavity quantum electrodynamics. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:4875-4878. [PMID: 32870880 DOI: 10.1364/ol.396725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of ultra-low-loss, all-fiber Fabry-Perot cavities that contain a nanofiber section, optimized for cavity quantum electrodynamics. By continuously monitoring the finesse and fiber radius during the fabrication of a nanofiber between two fiber Bragg gratings, we were able to precisely evaluate taper transmission as a function of radius. The resulting cavities have an internal round-trip loss of only 0.31% at a nanofiber waist radius of 207 nm, with a total finesse of 1380, and a maximum expected internal cooperativity of ∼1050 for a cesium atom on the nanofiber surface. Our ability to fabricate such high-finesse nanofiber cavities may open the door for the realization of high-fidelity scalable quantum networks.
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23
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You JB, Xiong X, Bai P, Zhou ZK, Ma RM, Yang WL, Lu YK, Xiao YF, Png CE, Garcia-Vidal FJ, Qiu CW, Wu L. Reconfigurable Photon Sources Based on Quantum Plexcitonic Systems. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:4645-4652. [PMID: 32364394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A single photon in a strongly nonlinear cavity is able to block the transmission of a second photon, thereby converting incident coherent light into antibunched light, which is known as the photon blockade effect. Photon antipairing, where only the entry of two photons is blocked and the emission of bunches of three or more photons is allowed, is based on an unconventional photon blockade mechanism due to destructive interference of two distinct excitation pathways. We propose quantum plexcitonic systems with moderate nonlinearity to generate both antibunched and antipaired photons. The proposed plexcitonic systems benefit from subwavelength field localizations that make quantum emitters spatially distinguishable, thus enabling a reconfigurable photon source between antibunched and antipaired states via tailoring the energy bands. For a realistic nanoprism plexcitonic system, chemical and optical schemes of reconfiguration are demonstrated. These results pave the way to realize reconfigurable nonclassical photon sources in a simple quantum plexcitonic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Bin You
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632
| | - Xiao Xiong
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632
| | - Ping Bai
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632
| | - Zhang-Kai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Min Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Kun Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Ching Eng Png
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632
| | - Francisco J Garcia-Vidal
- Departamento de Fisica Teorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583
| | - Lin Wu
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16, Connexis, Singapore 138632
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24
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Lei F, Ward JM, Romagnoli P, Nic Chormaic S. Polarization-Controlled Cavity Input-Output Relations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:103902. [PMID: 32216405 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cavity input-output relations (CIORs) describe a universal formalism relating each of the far-field amplitudes outside the cavity to the internal cavity fields. Conventionally, they are derived based on a weak-scattering approximation. In this context, the amplitude of the off-resonant field remains nearly unaffected by the cavity, with the high coupling efficiency into cavity modes being attributed to destructive interference between the transmitted (or reflected) field and the output field from the cavity. In this Letter, we show that, in a whispering gallery resonator-waveguide coupled system, in the strong-scattering regime, the off-resonant field approaches to zero, but more than 90% coupling efficiency can still be achieved due to the Purcell-enhanced channeling. As a result, the CIORs turn out to be essentially different than in the weak-scattering regime. With this fact, we propose that the CIOR can be tailored by controlling the scattering strength. This is experimentally demonstrated by the transmission spectra exhibiting either bandstop or bandpass-type behavior according to the polarization of the input light field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchuan Lei
- Light-Matter Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Jonathan M Ward
- Light-Matter Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Priscila Romagnoli
- Light-Matter Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Síle Nic Chormaic
- Light-Matter Interactions for Quantum Technologies Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
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25
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Universal Tool for Single-Photon Circuits: Quantum Router Design. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020319. [PMID: 32284507 PMCID: PMC7014393 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian approach can be used as a universal tool to design and describe a performance of single photon quantum electrodynamical circuits (cQED). As an example of the validity of this method, we calculate a novel six port quantum router, constructed from four qubits and three open waveguides. We have obtained analytical expressions, which describe the transmission and reflection coefficients of a single photon in general form taking into account the spread qubit’s parameters. We show that, due to naturally derived interferences, in situ tuning the probability of photon detection in desired ports.
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26
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Yang P, Xia X, He H, Li S, Han X, Zhang P, Li G, Zhang P, Xu J, Yang Y, Zhang T. Realization of Nonlinear Optical Nonreciprocity on a Few-Photon Level Based on Atoms Strongly Coupled to an Asymmetric Cavity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233604. [PMID: 31868453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Optical nonreciprocity is important in photonic information processing to route the optical signal or prevent the reverse flow of noise. By adopting the strong nonlinearity associated with a few atoms in a strongly coupled cavity QED system and an asymmetric cavity configuration, we experimentally demonstrate the nonreciprocal transmission between two counterpropagating light fields with extremely low power. The transmission of 18% is achieved for the forward light field, and the maximum blocking ratio for the reverse light is 30 dB. Though the transmission of the forward light can be maximized by optimizing the impedance matching of the cavity, it is ultimately limited by the inherent loss of the scheme. This nonreciprocity can even occur on a few-photon level due to the high optical nonlinearity of the system. The working power can be flexibly tuned by changing the effective number of atoms strongly coupled to the cavity. The idea and result can be applied to optical chips as optical diodes by using fiber-based cavity QED systems. Our work opens up new perspectives for realizing optical nonreciprocity on a few-photon level based on the nonlinearities of atoms strongly coupled to an optical cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xiuwen Xia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Jinggangshan University, Jian, Jiangxi 343009, China
| | - Hai He
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shaokang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinping Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structure Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro-Structure Materials, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tiancai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, and Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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27
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Ghosh S, Liew TCH. Dynamical Blockade in a Single-Mode Bosonic System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:013602. [PMID: 31386407 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.013602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a dynamical blockade phenomenon occurring in a nonlinear bosonic mode induced by a combination of continuous and pulsed excitations. We find that the underlying mechanism for the blockade is general, enhancing antibunching in the strongly nonlinear regime and inducing it in the weakly nonlinear regime, without fine-tuning the system parameters. Moreover, this mechanism shows advantages over existing blockade mechanisms and is suitable for implementation in a wide variety of systems due to its simplicity and universality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Ghosh
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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28
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Du FF, Shi ZR. Robust hybrid hyper-controlled-not gates assisted by an input-output process of low-Q cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17493-17506. [PMID: 31252708 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The two or more degrees of freedoms (DOFs) of photon systems are very useful in hyperparallel photonic quantum computing to accomplish more quantum logic gate operations with less resource, and depress photonic dissipation noise in quantum information processing. We present some flexible and adjustable schemes for hybrid hyper-controlled-not (hyper-CNOT) gates assisted by low-Q cavities, on the two-photon systems in both the spatial-mode and the polarization DOFs. These hybrid spatial-polarization hyper-CNOT gates consume less quantum resource and are more robust against photonic dissipation noise, compared with the integration of two cascaded CNOT gates in one DOF. Besides, simultaneous counter-propagation of two photons economize extremely the operation time in the whole process of our schemes. Moreover, these quantum logic gates are more feasible for fast quantum operations in the weak-coupling region of the low-Q cavities with current experimental technology, which are much different from strong-coupling cases of the high-Q ones.
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29
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Li H, Cai H, Xu J, Yakovlev VV, Yang Y, Wang DW. Quantum photonic transistor controlled by an atom in a Floquet cavity-QED system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6946-6957. [PMID: 30876269 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The photon transmission of a Floquet cavity quantum electrodynamic (QED) system containing three periodically modulated cavities interacting with a two-level atom is investigated. The input-output relations and the second-order correlation functions of the output fields are calculated. The system demonstrates the feature of a quantum photonic transistor, i.e., the photon transmission is controlled by the quantum states of the atom. This device can be used as a building block for various quantum information processing.
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30
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Bin Q, Lü XY, Bin SW, Wu Y. Two-photon blockade in a cascaded cavity-quantum-electrodynamics system. PHYSICAL REVIEW A 2018; 98:043858. [DOI: 10.1103/physreva.98.043858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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31
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Huang R, Miranowicz A, Liao JQ, Nori F, Jing H. Nonreciprocal Photon Blockade. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:153601. [PMID: 30362805 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.153601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose how to create and manipulate one-way nonclassical light via photon blockade in rotating nonlinear devices. We refer to this effect as nonreciprocal photon blockade (PB). Specifically, we show that in a spinning Kerr resonator, PB happens when the resonator is driven in one direction but not the other. This occurs because of the Fizeau drag, leading to a full split of the resonance frequencies of the countercirculating modes. Different types of purely quantum correlations, such as single- and two-photon blockades, can emerge in different directions in a well-controlled manner, and the transition from PB to photon-induced tunneling is revealed as well. Our work opens up a new route to achieve quantum nonreciprocal devices, which are crucial elements in chiral quantum technologies or topological photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Adam Miranowicz
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jie-Qiao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
| | - Hui Jing
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics and Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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32
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Bar-On O, Brenner P, Siegle T, Gvishi R, Kalt H, Lemmer U, Scheuer J. High Quality 3D Photonics using Nano Imprint Lithography of Fast Sol-gel Materials. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7833. [PMID: 29777156 PMCID: PMC5959872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26261-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for the realization of low-loss integrated optical components is proposed and demonstrated. This approach is simple, fast, inexpensive, scalable for mass production, and compatible with both 2D and 3D geometries. The process is based on a novel dual-step soft nano imprint lithography process for producing devices with smooth surfaces, combined with fast sol-gel technology providing highly transparent materials. As a concrete example, this approach is demonstrated on a micro ring resonator made by direct laser writing (DLW) to achieve a quality factor improvement from one hundred thousand to more than 3 million. To the best of our knowledge this also sets a Q-factor record for UV-curable integrated micro-ring resonators. The process supports the integration of many types of materials such as light-emitting, electro-optic, piezo-electric, and can be readily applied to a wide variety of devices such as waveguides, lenses, diffractive elements and more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Bar-On
- Department of Physical Electronics, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 6997, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Philipp Brenner
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tobias Siegle
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Raz Gvishi
- Photonic Materials Group, Applied Physics Division, Soreq NRC, 81800, Yavne, Israel
| | - Heinz Kalt
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jacob Scheuer
- Department of Physical Electronics, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 6997, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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33
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Cai K, Pan ZW, Wang RX, Ruan D, Yin ZQ, Long GL. Single phonon source based on a giant polariton nonlinear effect. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1163-1166. [PMID: 29489805 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose a single phonon source based on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, which are located in a diamond phononic crystal resonator. The strain in the lattice would induce the coupling between the NV centers and the phonon mode. The strong coupling between the excited state of the NV centers and the phonon is realized by adding an optical laser driving. This four-level NV center system exhibits coherent population trapping and yields giant resonantly enhanced acoustic nonlinearities, with zero linear susceptibility. Based on this nonlinearity, the single phonon source can be realized. We numerically calculate g(2)(0) of the single phonon source. We discuss the effects of the thermal noise and the external driving strength.
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34
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Liu XF, Wang TJ, Wang C. Optothermal control of gains in erbium-doped whispering-gallery microresonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:326-329. [PMID: 29328273 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Erbium-doped whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microcavities have great potential in many important applications, such as the precision detection and the micro/nano laser. However, they are sensitive to the fluctuations from the pump laser and the environment. Here we demonstrate the precise controlling of transmission spectra and optical gains using optothermal scanning methods in erbium-doped WGM microcavities. The transmission spectrum of the probe signal exhibits the transition between asymmetric Fano-like resonance and the Lorentz peak (or dip) through tuning the input frequency and the scanning speed of the pump laser. In particular, the analytical calculations can fit well with our experimental results through adiabatically eliminating the anticlockwise optical mode. This Letter shows that the optothermal control of gains is more robust to external noises, which paves a crucial step toward the application in the ultra-sensitive detection.
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35
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Liao Z, Al-Amri M, Zubairy MS. Measurement of deep-subwavelength emitter separation in a waveguide-QED system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:31997-32009. [PMID: 29245867 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the waveguide quantum electrodynamics (QED) system, emitter separation plays an important role for its functionality. Here, we present a method to measure the deep-subwavelength emitter separation in a waveguide-QED system. In this method, we can also determine the number of emitters within one diffraction-limited spot. In addition, we also show that ultrasmall emitter separation change can be detected in this system which may then be used as a waveguide-QED-based sensor to measure tiny local temperature/strain variation.
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36
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Chin YS, Steiner M, Kurtsiefer C. Nonlinear photon-atom coupling with 4Pi microscopy. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1200. [PMID: 29089501 PMCID: PMC5663764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementing nonlinear interactions between single photons and single atoms is at the forefront of optical physics. Motivated by the prospects of deterministic all-optical quantum logic, many efforts are currently underway to find suitable experimental techniques. Focusing the incident photons onto the atom with a lens yielded promising results, but is limited by diffraction to moderate interaction strengths. However, techniques to exceed the diffraction limit are known from high-resolution imaging. Here we adapt a super-resolution imaging technique, 4Pi microscopy, to efficiently couple light to a single atom. We observe 36.6(3)% extinction of the incident field, and a modified photon statistics of the transmitted field-indicating nonlinear interaction at the single-photon level. Our results pave the way to few-photon nonlinear optics with individual atoms in free space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Sum Chin
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Matthias Steiner
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
| | - Christian Kurtsiefer
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
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37
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Li DX, Shao XQ, Wu JH, Yi XX. Engineering steady-state entanglement via dissipation and quantum Zeno dynamics in an optical cavity. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3904-3907. [PMID: 28957157 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new mechanism is proposed for dissipatively preparing maximal Bell entangled state of two atoms in an optical cavity. This scheme integrates the spontaneous emission, the light shift of atoms in the presence of dispersive microwave field, and the quantum Zeno dynamics induced by continuous coupling, to obtain a unique steady state irrespective of initial state. Even for a large cavity decay, a high-fidelity entangled state is achievable at a short convergence time, since the occupation of the cavity mode is inhibited by the Zeno requirement. Therefore, a low single-atom cooperativity C=g2/(κγ) is good enough for realizing a high fidelity of entanglement in a wide range of decoherence parameters. As a straightforward extension, the feasibility for preparation of two-atom Knill-Laflamme-Milburn state with the same mechanism is also discussed.
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38
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Cao C, Duan YW, Chen X, Zhang R, Wang TJ, Wang C. Implementation of single-photon quantum routing and decoupling using a nitrogen-vacancy center and a whispering-gallery-mode resonator-waveguide system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:16931-16946. [PMID: 28789193 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.016931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum router is a key element needed for the construction of future complex quantum networks. However, quantum routing with photons, and its inverse, quantum decoupling, are difficult to implement as photons do not interact, or interact very weakly in nonlinear media. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of implementing photonic quantum routing based on effects in cavity quantum electrodynamics, and present a scheme for single-photon quantum routing controlled by the other photon using a hybrid system consisting of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center coupled with a whispering-gallery-mode resonator-waveguide structure. Different from the cases in which classical information is used to control the path of quantum signals, both the control and signal photons are quantum in our implementation. Compared with the probabilistic quantum routing protocols based on linear optics, our scheme is deterministic and also scalable to multiple photons. We also present a scheme for single-photon quantum decoupling from an initial state with polarization and spatial-mode encoding, which can implement an inverse operation to the quantum routing. We discuss the feasibility of our schemes by considering current or near-future techniques, and show that both the schemes can operate effectively in the bad-cavity regime. We believe that the schemes could be key building blocks for future complex quantum networks and large-scale quantum information processing.
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39
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Perczel J, Borregaard J, Chang DE, Pichler H, Yelin SF, Zoller P, Lukin MD. Topological Quantum Optics in Two-Dimensional Atomic Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:023603. [PMID: 28753358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that two-dimensional atomic emitter arrays with subwavelength spacing constitute topologically protected quantum optical systems where the photon propagation is robust against large imperfections while losses associated with free space emission are strongly suppressed. Breaking time-reversal symmetry with a magnetic field results in gapped photonic bands with nontrivial Chern numbers and topologically protected, long-lived edge states. Due to the inherent nonlinearity of constituent emitters, such systems provide a platform for exploring quantum optical analogs of interacting topological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perczel
- Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Borregaard
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Pichler
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S F Yelin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - P Zoller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M D Lukin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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40
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Ji YQ, Shao XQ, Yi XX. Conversion of entangled states with nitrogen-vacancy centers coupled to microtoroidal resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:15806-15817. [PMID: 28789093 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.015806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose efficient schemes for converting three-photon, four-photon and five-photon GHZ state to a W state or Dicke state, respectively with the nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers via single-photon input-output process and cross-Kerr nonlinearities. The total success probability can be improved by iterating the conversion process for the case of three-photon and five-photon while it does not require iteration for converting four-photon GHZ state to a W state. The analysis of feasibility shows that our scheme is feasible for current experimental technology.
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41
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De Santis L, Antón C, Reznychenko B, Somaschi N, Coppola G, Senellart J, Gómez C, Lemaître A, Sagnes I, White AG, Lanco L, Auffèves A, Senellart P. A solid-state single-photon filter. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:663-667. [PMID: 28507332 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A strong limitation of linear optical quantum computing is the probabilistic operation of two-quantum-bit gates based on the coalescence of indistinguishable photons. A route to deterministic operation is to exploit the single-photon nonlinearity of an atomic transition. Through engineering of the atom-photon interaction, phase shifters, photon filters and photon-photon gates have been demonstrated with natural atoms. Proofs of concept have been reported with semiconductor quantum dots, yet limited by inefficient atom-photon interfaces and dephasing. Here, we report a highly efficient single-photon filter based on a large optical nonlinearity at the single-photon level, in a near-optimal quantum-dot cavity interface. When probed with coherent light wavepackets, the device shows a record nonlinearity threshold around 0.3 ± 0.1 incident photons. We demonstrate that 80% of the directly reflected light intensity consists of a single-photon Fock state and that the two- and three-photon components are strongly suppressed compared with the single-photon one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo De Santis
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Carlos Antón
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Bogdan Reznychenko
- CNRS, Inst. NEEL, Nanophysics and Semiconductors group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes &CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Niccolo Somaschi
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Guillaume Coppola
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | | | - Carmen Gómez
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Aristide Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Isabelle Sagnes
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
| | - Andrew G White
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Loïc Lanco
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
- Université Paris Diderot, Paris 7, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Alexia Auffèves
- CNRS, Inst. NEEL, Nanophysics and Semiconductors group, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Université Grenoble-Alpes &CNRS, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Pascale Senellart
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Marcoussis, 91460 Marcoussis, France
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42
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Hamsen C, Tolazzi KN, Wilk T, Rempe G. Two-Photon Blockade in an Atom-Driven Cavity QED System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:133604. [PMID: 28409981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.133604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Photon blockade is a dynamical quantum-nonlinear effect in driven systems with an anharmonic energy ladder. For a single atom strongly coupled to an optical cavity, we show that atom driving gives a decisively larger optical nonlinearity than cavity driving. This enhances single-photon blockade and allows for the implementation of two-photon blockade where the absorption of two photons suppresses the absorption of further photons. As a signature, we report on three-photon antibunching with simultaneous two-photon bunching observed in the light emitted from the cavity. Our experiment constitutes a significant step towards multiphoton quantum-nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hamsen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Karl Nicolas Tolazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tatjana Wilk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gerhard Rempe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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43
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Distante E, Farrera P, Padrón-Brito A, Paredes-Barato D, Heinze G, de Riedmatten H. Storing single photons emitted by a quantum memory on a highly excited Rydberg state. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14072. [PMID: 28102203 PMCID: PMC5253638 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Strong interaction between two single photons is a long standing and important goal in quantum photonics. This would enable a new regime of nonlinear optics and unlock several applications in quantum information science, including photonic quantum gates and deterministic Bell-state measurements. In the context of quantum networks, it would be important to achieve interactions between single photons from independent photon pairs storable in quantum memories. So far, most experiments showing nonlinearities at the single-photon level have used weak classical input light. Here we demonstrate the storage and retrieval of a paired single photon emitted by an ensemble quantum memory in a strongly nonlinear medium based on highly excited Rydberg atoms. We show that nonclassical correlations between the two photons persist after retrieval from the Rydberg ensemble. Our result is an important step towards deterministic photon-photon interactions, and may enable deterministic Bell-state measurements with multimode quantum memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Distante
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Farrera
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Auxiliadora Padrón-Brito
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Paredes-Barato
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Georg Heinze
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugues de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Castelldefels, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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44
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Kim NC, Ko MC, Choe SI, Hao ZH, Zhou L, Li JB, Im SJ, Ko YH, Jo CG, Wang QQ. Transport properties of a single plasmon interacting with a hybrid exciton of a metal nanoparticle-semiconductor quantum dot system coupled to a plasmonic waveguide. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:465703. [PMID: 27749280 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/46/465703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The transport properties of a single plasmon interacting with a hybrid system composed of a semiconductor quantum dot (SQD) and a metal nanoparticle (MNP) coupled to a one-dimensional surface plasmonic waveguide are investigated theoretically via the real-space approach. We considered that the MNP-SQD interaction leads to the formation of a hybrid exciton and the transmission and reflection of a single incident plasmon could be controlled by adjusting the frequency of the classical control field applied to the MNP-SQD hybrid nanosystem, the kinds of MNPs and the background media. The transport properties of a single plasmon interacting with such a hybrid nanosystem discussed here could find applications in the design of next-generation quantum devices, such as single-photon switching and nanomirrors, and in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Chol Kim
- Department of Physics, Kim Il Sung University, Pyongyang, North Korea. School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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45
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Zou B, Schwingenschlogl U. Dynamics of single photon transport in a one-dimensional waveguide two-point coupled with a Jaynes-Cummings system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33867. [PMID: 27653770 PMCID: PMC5032169 DOI: 10.1038/srep33867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the dynamics of an ultrafast single photon pulse in a one-dimensional waveguide two-point coupled with a Jaynes-Cummings system. We find that for any single photon input the transmissivity depends periodically on the separation between the two coupling points. For a pulse containing many plane wave components it is almost impossible to suppress transmission, especially when the width of the pulse is less than 20 times the period. In contrast to plane wave input, the waveform of the pulse can be modified by controlling the coupling between the waveguide and Jaynes-Cummings system. Tailoring of the waveform is important for single photon manipulation in quantum informatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Wang
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongyou Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bingsuo Zou
- Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Udo Schwingenschlogl
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Distante E, Padrón-Brito A, Cristiani M, Paredes-Barato D, de Riedmatten H. Storage Enhanced Nonlinearities in a Cold Atomic Rydberg Ensemble. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:113001. [PMID: 27661683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.113001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The combination of electromagnetically induced transparency with the nonlinear interaction between Rydberg atoms provides an effective interaction between photons. In this Letter, we investigate the storage of optical pulses as collective Rydberg atomic excitations in a cold atomic ensemble. By measuring the dynamics of the stored Rydberg polaritons, we experimentally demonstrate that storing a probe pulse as Rydberg polaritons strongly enhances the Rydberg mediated interaction compared to the slow propagation case. We show that the process is characterized by two time scales. At short storage times, we observe a strong enhancement of the interaction due to the reduction of the Rydberg polariton group velocity down to 0. For longer storage times, we observe a further, weaker enhancement dominated by Rydberg induced dephasing of the multiparticle components of the state. In this regime, we observe a nonlinear dependence of the Rydberg polariton coherence time with the input photon number. Our results have direct consequences in Rydberg quantum optics and may enable the test of new theories of strongly interacting Rydberg systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Distante
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Padrón-Brito
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cristiani
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Paredes-Barato
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H de Riedmatten
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Snijders H, Frey JA, Norman J, Bakker MP, Langman EC, Gossard A, Bowers JE, van Exter MP, Bouwmeester D, Löffler W. Purification of a single-photon nonlinearity. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12578. [PMID: 27573361 PMCID: PMC5013554 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Single photon nonlinearities based on a semiconductor quantum dot in an optical microcavity are a promising candidate for integrated optical quantum information processing nodes. In practice, however, the finite quantum dot lifetime and cavity-quantum dot coupling lead to reduced fidelity. Here we show that, with a nearly polarization degenerate microcavity in the weak coupling regime, polarization pre- and postselection can be used to restore high fidelity. The two orthogonally polarized transmission amplitudes interfere at the output polarizer; for special polarization angles, which depend only on the device cooperativity, this enables cancellation of light that did not interact with the quantum dot. With this, we can transform incident coherent light into a stream of strongly correlated photons with a second-order correlation value up to 40, larger than previous experimental results, even in the strong-coupling regime. This purification technique might also be useful to improve the fidelity of quantum dot based logic gates. Single-photon optical nonlinearity is possible using an optical cavity to create strong coupling between a cavity mode and a two-level quantum system. Here, the authors demonstrate it is also possible in the weak-coupling regime by using quantum interference in a polarization-degenerate cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Snijders
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J A Frey
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J Norman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M P Bakker
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E C Langman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A Gossard
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - J E Bowers
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M P van Exter
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Bouwmeester
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - W Löffler
- Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9504, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Liu XF, Lei F, Gao M, Yang X, Qin GQ, Long GL. Fabrication of a microtoroidal resonator with picometer precise resonant wavelength. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3603-6. [PMID: 27472629 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating an optical microresonator with precise resonant wavelength is of significant importance for fundamental research and practical applications. Here, we develop an effective method to fabricate ultra-high Q microtoroid with picometer-precise resonant wavelength. Our method adds a tuning reflow process, using low-power CO2 laser pulses, to the traditional fabrication process. It can tailor resonant wavelength to a red or blue direction by choosing a proper laser power. Also, this shift can be controlled by the exposure time. Meanwhile, quality factor remains nearly unchanged during this tailoring process. Our method can greatly reduce the difficulties of experiments where precise resonances are required.
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49
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Chen Z, Zhou Y, Shen JT. Photon antibunching and bunching in a ring-resonator waveguide quantum electrodynamics system. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3313-6. [PMID: 27420523 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We numerically investigate the photonic state generation and its nonclassical correlations in a ring-resonator waveguide quantum electrodynamics system. Specifically, we discuss photon antibunching and bunching in various scenarios, including the imperfect resonator with backscattering and dissipations. Our numerical results indicate that an imperfect ring resonator with backscattering can enhance the quality of antibunching. In addition, we also identify the quantum photonic halo phenomenon in the photon scattering dynamics and the shoulder effect in the second-order correlation function.
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50
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He LY, Wang TJ, Wang C. Construction of high-dimensional universal quantum logic gates using a Λ system coupled with a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:15429-15445. [PMID: 27410818 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.015429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
High-dimensional quantum system provides a higher capacity of quantum channel, which exhibits potential applications in quantum information processing. However, high-dimensional universal quantum logic gates is difficult to achieve directly with only high-dimensional interaction between two quantum systems and requires a large number of two-dimensional gates to build even a small high-dimensional quantum circuits. In this paper, we propose a scheme to implement a general controlled-flip (CF) gate where the high-dimensional single photon serve as the target qudit and stationary qubits work as the control logic qudit, by employing a three-level Λ-type system coupled with a whispering-gallery-mode microresonator. In our scheme, the required number of interaction times between the photon and solid state system reduce greatly compared with the traditional method which decomposes the high-dimensional Hilbert space into 2-dimensional quantum space, and it is on a shorter temporal scale for the experimental realization. Moreover, we discuss the performance and feasibility of our hybrid CF gate, concluding that it can be easily extended to a 2n-dimensional case and it is feasible with current technology.
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