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Yang J, Zhu H, Zhao Z, Huang J, Lumley D, Stern RJ, Dunn RA, Arnulf AF, Ma J. Asymmetric magma plumbing system beneath Axial Seamount based on full waveform inversion of seismic data. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4767. [PMID: 38834567 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The architecture of magma plumbing systems plays a fundamental role in volcano eruption and evolution. However, the precise configuration of crustal magma reservoirs and conduits responsible for supplying eruptions are difficult to explore across most active volcanic systems. Consequently, our understanding of their correlation with eruption dynamics is limited. Axial Seamount is an active submarine volcano located along the Juan de Fuca Ridge, with known eruptions in 1998, 2011, and 2015. Here we present high-resolution images of P-wave velocity, attenuation, and estimates of temperature and partial melt beneath the summit of Axial Seamount, derived from multi-parameter full waveform inversion of a 2D multi-channel seismic line. Multiple magma reservoirs, including a newly discovered western magma reservoir, are identified in the upper crust, with the maximum melt fraction of ~15-32% in the upper main magma reservoir (MMR) and lower fractions of 10% to 26% in other satellite reservoirs. In addition, a feeding conduit below the MMR with a melt fraction of ~4-11% and a low-velocity throat beneath the eastern caldera wall connecting the MMR roof with eruptive fissures are imaged. These findings delineate an asymmetric shallow plumbing system beneath Axial Seamount, providing insights into the magma pathways that fed recent eruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - Hejun Zhu
- Department of Sustainable Earth Systems Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianping Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - David Lumley
- Department of Sustainable Earth Systems Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Robert J Stern
- Department of Sustainable Earth Systems Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Robert A Dunn
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Adrien F Arnulf
- Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Amazon Web Services, Seattle, CA, USA
| | - Jianwei Ma
- School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Maguire R, Schmandt B, Li J, Jiang C, Li G, Wilgus J, Chen M. Magma accumulation at depths of prior rhyolite storage beneath Yellowstone Caldera. Science 2022; 378:1001-1004. [PMID: 36454843 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Seismic tomography has provided key insight into Yellowstone's crustal magmatic system that includes attempts to understand the melt distribution in the subsurface and the current stage of the volcano's life cycle. We present new tomographic images of the shear wave speed of the Yellowstone magmatic system based on full waveform inversion of ambient noise correlations, which illuminates shear wave speed reductions of greater than 30% associated with Yellowstone's silicic magma reservoir. The slowest seismic wave speeds (shear wave speed less than 2.3 kilometers per second) are present at depths between 3 and 8 kilometers, overlapping with petrological estimates of the assembly depth of erupted rhyolite bodies. Assuming that Yellowstone's magmatic system is a crystal mush with broadly distributed melt, we estimate a partial melt fraction of 16 to 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross Maguire
- Department of Geology, School of Earth, Society, and Environment, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Brandon Schmandt
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chengxin Jiang
- Department of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Guoliang Li
- Southern California Earthquake Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Justin Wilgus
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Two-Dimensional Full-Waveform Joint Inversion of Surface Waves Using Phases and Z/H Ratios. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11156712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Surface-wave dispersion and the Z/H ratio are important parameters used to resolve the Earth’s structure, especially for S-wave velocity. Several previous studies have explored using joint inversion of these two datasets. However, all of these studies used a 1-D depth-sensitivity kernel, which lacks precision when the structure is laterally heterogeneous. Adjoint tomography (i.e., full-waveform inversion) is a state-of-the-art imaging method with a high resolution. It can obtain better-resolved lithospheric structures beyond the resolving ability of traditional ray-based travel-time tomography. In this study, we present a systematic investigation of the 2D sensitivities of the surface wave phase and Z/H ratio using the adjoint-state method. The forward-modeling experiments indicated that the 2D phase and Z/H ratio had different sensitivities to the S-wave velocity. Thus, a full-waveform joint-inversion scheme of surface waves with phases and a Z/H ratio was proposed to take advantage of their complementary sensitivities to the Earth’s structure. Both applications to synthetic data sets in large- and small-scale inversions demonstrated the advantage of the joint inversion over the individual inversions, allowing for the creation of a more unified S-wave velocity model. The proposed joint-inversion scheme offers a computationally efficient and inexpensive alternative to imaging fine-scale shallow structures beneath a 2D seismic array.
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Dong X, Yang D, Niu F, Liu S, Tong P. Adjoint traveltime tomography unravels a scenario of horizontal mantle flow beneath the North China craton. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12523. [PMID: 34131244 PMCID: PMC8206337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The North China craton (NCC) was dominated by tectonic extension from late Cretaceous to Cenozoic, yet seismic studies on the relationship between crust extension and lithospheric mantle deformation are scarce. Here we present a three dimensional radially anisotropic model of NCC derived from adjoint traveltime tomography to address this issue. We find a prominent low S-wave velocity anomaly at lithospheric mantle depths beneath the Taihang Mountains, which extends eastward with a gradually decreasing amplitude. The horizontally elongated low-velocity anomaly is also featured by a distinctive positive radial anisotropy (VSH > VSV). Combining geodetic and other seismic measurements, we speculate the presence of a horizontal mantle flow beneath central and eastern NCC, which led to the extension of the overlying crust. We suggest that the rollback of Western Pacific slab likely played a pivotal role in generating the horizontal mantle flow at lithospheric depth beneath the central and eastern NCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Dong
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Dinghui Yang
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Fenglin Niu
- grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX USA ,grid.411519.90000 0004 0644 5174State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, and Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum at Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shaolin Liu
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Division of Mathematical Sciences, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ping Tong
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361Division of Mathematical Sciences, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences and Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Simulation of Broadband Ground Motion by Superposing High-Frequency Empirical Green’s Function Synthetics on Low-Frequency Spectral-Element Synthetics. GEOSCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences10090339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Seismic wave-propagation simulations are limited in their frequency content by two main factors: (1) the resolution of the seismic wave-speed structure of the region in which the seismic waves are propagated through; and (2) the extent of our understanding of the rupture process, mainly on the short length scales. For this reason, high-frequency content in the ground motion must be simulated through other means. Toward this end, we adopt a variant of the classical empirical Green’s function (EGF) approach of summing, with suitable time shift, recorded seismograms from small earthquakes in the past to generate high-frequency seismograms (0.5–5.0 Hz) for engineering applications. We superimpose these seismograms on low-frequency seismograms, computed from kinematic source models using the spectral element method, to produce broadband seismograms. The non-uniform time- shift scheme used in this work alleviates the over-estimation of high-frequency content of the ground motions observed. We validate the methodology by simulating broadband motions from the 1999 Hector Mine and the 2006 Parkfield earthquakes and comparing them against recorded seismograms.
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Zhu H, Stern RJ, Yang J. Seismic evidence for subduction-induced mantle flows underneath Middle America. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2075. [PMID: 32350254 PMCID: PMC7190827 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15492-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory experiments and geodynamic simulations demonstrate that poloidal- and toroidal-mode mantle flows develop around subduction zones. Here, we use a new 3-D azimuthal anisotropy model constructed by full waveform inversion, to infer deep subduction-induced mantle flows underneath Middle America. At depths shallower than 150 km, poloidal-mode flow is perpendicular to the trajectory of the Middle American Trench. From 300 to 450 km depth, return flows surround the edges of the Rivera and Atlantic slabs, while escape flows are inferred through slab windows beneath Panama and central Mexico. Furthermore, at 700 km depth, the study region is dominated by the Farallon anomaly, with fast axes perpendicular to its strike, suggesting the development of lattice-preferred orientations by substantial stress. These observations provide depth-dependent seismic anisotropy for future mantle flow simulations, and call for further investigations about the deformation mechanisms and elasticity of minerals in the transition zone and uppermost lower mantle. The motions of subducted slabs are expected to drive mantle flow around slab edges, however, evidence of deep mantle flow has so far remained elusive. Here, the authors present a Full Waveform Inversion 3-D anisotropy model which allows them to infer deep subduction-induced mantle flows underneath the Mid-Americas and the Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hejun Zhu
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Robert J Stern
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jidong Yang
- Department of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
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Probabilistic Estimates of Ground Motion in the Los Angeles Basin from Scenario Earthquakes on the San Andreas Fault. GEOSCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/geosciences8040126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Van Pamel A, Sha G, Rokhlin SI, Lowe MJS. Finite-element modelling of elastic wave propagation and scattering within heterogeneous media. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2017; 473:20160738. [PMID: 28265198 PMCID: PMC5312134 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2016.0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scattering treated here arises when elastic waves propagate within a heterogeneous medium defined by random spatial fluctuation of its elastic properties. Whereas classical analytical studies are based on lower-order scattering assumptions, numerical methods conversely present no such limitations by inherently incorporating multiple scattering. Until now, studies have typically been limited to two or one dimension, however, owing to computational constraints. This article seizes recent advances to realize a finite-element formulation that solves the three-dimensional elastodynamic scattering problem. The developed methodology enables the fundamental behaviour of scattering in terms of attenuation and dispersion to be studied. In particular, the example of elastic waves propagating within polycrystalline materials is adopted, using Voronoi tessellations to randomly generate representative models. The numerically observed scattering is compared against entirely independent but well-established analytical scattering theory. The quantitative agreement is found to be excellent across previously unvisited scattering regimes; it is believed that this is the first quantitative validation of its kind which provides significant support towards the existence of the transitional scattering regime and facilitates future deployment of numerical methods for these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Van Pamel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - G. Sha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Edison Joining Technology Center, The Ohio State University, 1248 Arthur E. Adams Drive, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - S. I. Rokhlin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Edison Joining Technology Center, The Ohio State University, 1248 Arthur E. Adams Drive, Columbus, OH 43221, USA
| | - M. J. S. Lowe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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French S, Lekic V, Romanowicz B. Waveform Tomography Reveals Channeled Flow at the Base of the Oceanic Asthenosphere. Science 2013; 342:227-30. [PMID: 24009355 DOI: 10.1126/science.1241514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott French
- Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, 209 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Vedran Lekic
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Barbara Romanowicz
- Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, 209 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 1 rue Jussieu, 752382 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Zhu H, Tromp J. Mapping Tectonic Deformation in the Crust and Upper Mantle Beneath Europe and the North Atlantic Ocean. Science 2013; 341:871-5. [PMID: 23929947 DOI: 10.1126/science.1241335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hejun Zhu
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Jeroen Tromp
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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