1
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Yang J, Cong Y, Li Y, Li H. Machine Learning Approach Based on a Range-Corrected Deep Potential Model for Efficient Vibrational Frequency Computation. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6366-6374. [PMID: 37652890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
As an ensemble average result, vibrational spectrum simulation can be time-consuming with high accuracy methods. We present a machine learning approach based on the range-corrected deep potential (DPRc) model to improve the computing efficiency. The DPRc method divides the system into "probe region" and "solvent region"; "solvent-solvent" interactions are not counted in the neural network. We applied the approach to two systems: formic acid C═O stretching and MeCN C≡N stretching vibrational frequency shifts in water. All data sets were prepared using the quantum vibration perturbation approach. Effects of different region divisions, one-body correction, cut range, and training data size were tested. The model with a single-molecule "probe region" showed stable accuracy; it ran roughly 10 times faster than regular deep potential and reduced the training time by about four. The approach is efficient, easy to apply, and extendable to calculating various spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitai Yang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - You Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, P. R. China
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2
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Wilcken R, Nishida J, Triana JF, John-Herpin A, Altug H, Sharma S, Herrera F, Raschke MB. Antenna-coupled infrared nanospectroscopy of intramolecular vibrational interaction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220852120. [PMID: 37155895 PMCID: PMC10193936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220852120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Many photonic and electronic molecular properties, as well as chemical and biochemical reactivities are controlled by fast intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR). This fundamental ultrafast process limits coherence time in applications from photochemistry to single quantum level control. While time-resolved multidimensional IR-spectroscopy can resolve the underlying vibrational interaction dynamics, as a nonlinear optical technique it has been challenging to extend its sensitivity to probe small molecular ensembles, achieve nanoscale spatial resolution, and control intramolecular dynamics. Here, we demonstrate a concept how mode-selective coupling of vibrational resonances to IR nanoantennas can reveal intramolecular vibrational energy transfer. In time-resolved infrared vibrational nanospectroscopy, we measure the Purcell-enhanced decrease of vibrational lifetimes of molecular vibrations while tuning the IR nanoantenna across coupled vibrations. At the example of a Re-carbonyl complex monolayer, we derive an IVR rate of (25±8) cm-1 corresponding to (450±150) fs, as is typical for the fast initial equilibration between symmetric and antisymmetric carbonyl vibrations. We model the enhancement of the cross-vibrational relaxation based on intrinsic intramolecular coupling and extrinsic antenna-enhanced vibrational energy relaxation. The model further suggests an anti-Purcell effect based on antenna and laser-field-driven vibrational mode interference which can counteract IVR-induced relaxation. Nanooptical spectroscopy of antenna-coupled vibrational dynamics thus provides for an approach to probe intramolecular vibrational dynamics with a perspective for vibrational coherent control of small molecular ensembles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wilcken
- Department of Physics, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Physics, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Johan F. Triana
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central917022, Chile
| | - Aurelian John-Herpin
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | - Hatice Altug
- Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne, Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
| | - Felipe Herrera
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Estación Central917022, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Research in Optics, Concepción4030000, Chile
| | - Markus B. Raschke
- Department of Physics, and JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO80309
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3
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Bai Y, Zhou D, Mukherjee S, Liu J, Bian H, Fang Y. Distinct Hydrogen Bonding Dynamics Underlies the Microheterogeneity in DMF-Water Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:9663-9672. [PMID: 36351006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogen bonding interaction between the amide functional group and water is fundamental to understanding the liquid-liquid heterogeneity in biological systems. Herein, the structure and dynamics of the N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-water mixtures have been investigated by linear and nonlinear IR spectroscopies, using the hydroxyl stretch and extrinsic probe of thiocyanate as local vibrational reporters. According to vibrational relaxation dynamics measurements, the orientational dynamics of water is not directly tied to those of DMF molecules. Wobbling-in-a-cone analysis demonstrates that the water molecules have varying degrees of angular restriction depending on their composition due to the formation of specific water-DMF networks. Because of the preferential solvation by DMF molecules, the rotational dynamics of the extrinsic probe is slowed significantly, and its rotational time constants are correlated to the change of solution viscosity. The unique structural dynamics observed in the DMF-water mixtures is expected to provide important insights into the underlying mechanism of microscopic heterogeneity in binary mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
| | - Dexia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
| | - Somnath Mukherjee
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
| | - Hongtao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an710119, China
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4
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Considerations in upconversion: A practical guide to sum-frequency generation spectrometer design and implementation. Biointerphases 2022; 17:021201. [PMID: 35473296 DOI: 10.1116/6.0001817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this tutorial review, we discuss how the choice of upconversion pulse shape in broadband vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectrometer design impacts the chemical or physical insights one can obtain from a set of measurements. A time-domain picture of a vibrational coherence being mapped by a second optical field is described and the implications of how this mapping, or upconversion process, takes place are given in the context of several popular and emerging approaches found in the literature. Emphasis is placed on broadband frequency-domain measurements, where the choice of upconversion pulse enhances or limits the information contained in the SFG spectrum. We conclude with an outline for a flexible approach to SFG upconversion using pulse-shaping methods and a simple guide to design and optimize the associated instrumentation.
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5
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Dereka B, Lewis NHC, Zhang Y, Hahn NT, Keim JH, Snyder SA, Maginn EJ, Tokmakoff A. Exchange-Mediated Transport in Battery Electrolytes: Ultrafast or Ultraslow? J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8591-8604. [PMID: 35470669 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms of charge transport in batteries is important for the rational design of new electrolyte formulations. Persistent questions about ion transport mechanisms in battery electrolytes are often framed in terms of vehicular diffusion by persistent ion-solvent complexes versus structural diffusion through the breaking and reformation of ion-solvent contacts, i.e., solvent exchange events. Ultrafast two-dimensional (2D) IR spectroscopy can probe exchange processes directly via the evolution of the cross-peaks on picosecond time scales. However, vibrational energy transfer in the absence of solvent exchange gives rise to the same spectral signatures, hiding the desired processes. We employ 2D IR on solvent resonances of a mixture of acetonitrile isotopologues to differentiate chemical exchange and energy-transfer dynamics in a comprehensive series of Li+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, and Ba2+ bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide electrolytes from the dilute to the superconcentrated regime. No exchange phenomena occur within at least 100 ps, regardless of the ion identity, salt concentration, and presence of water. All of the observed spectral dynamics originate from the intermolecular energy transfer. These results place the lower experimental boundary on the ion-solvent residence times to several hundred picoseconds, much slower than previously suggested. With the help of MD simulations and conductivity measurements on the Li+ and Zn2+ systems, we discuss these results as a continuum of vehicular and structural modalities that vary with concentration and emphasize the importance of collective electrolyte motions to ion transport. These results hold broadly applicable to many battery-relevant ions and solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Dereka
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Nicholas H C Lewis
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Nathan T Hahn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Material, Physical and Chemical Sciences Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jonathan H Keim
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Edward J Maginn
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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6
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Abstract
NMR is a noninvasive, molecular-level spectroscopic technique widely used for chemical characterization. However, it lacks the sensitivity to probe the small number of spins at surfaces and interfaces. Here, we use nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond as quantum sensors to optically detect NMR signals from chemically modified thin films. To demonstrate the method's capabilities, aluminum oxide layers, common supports in catalysis and materials science, are prepared by atomic layer deposition and are subsequently functionalized by phosphonate chemistry to form self-assembled monolayers. The surface NV-NMR technique detects spatially resolved NMR signals from the monolayer, indicates chemical binding, and quantifies molecular coverage. In addition, it can monitor in real time the formation kinetics at the solid-liquid interface. With our approach, we show that NV quantum sensors are a surface-sensitive NMR tool with femtomole sensitivity for in situ analysis in catalysis, materials, and biological research.
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7
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Cong Y, Zhai Y, Yang J, Grofe A, Gao J, Li H. Quantum vibration perturbation approach with polyatomic probe in simulating infrared spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:1174-1182. [PMID: 34932049 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04490g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative prediction of vibrational spectra of chromophore molecules in solution is challenging and numerous methods have been developed. In this work, we present a quantum vibration perturbation (QVP) approach, which is a procedure that combines molecular quantum vibration and molecular dynamics with perturbation theory. In this framework, an initial Newtonian molecular dynamics simulation is performed, followed by a substitution process to embed molecular quantum vibrational wave functions into the trajectory. The instantaneous vibrational frequency shift at each time step is calculated using the Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory, where the perturbation operator is the difference in the vibrational potential between the reference chromophore and the perturbed chromophore in the environment. Semi-classical statistical mechanics is employed to obtain the spectral lineshape function. We validated our method using HCOOH·nH2O (n = 1-2) clusters and HCOOH aqueous solution as examples. The QVP method can be employed for rapid prediction of the vibrational spectrum of a specific mode in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Zhai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jitai Yang
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Adam Grofe
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiali Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. .,Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Wu Y, Yu P, Xia D, Li W, Zhao J, Wang J. Ultrafast Structure and Vibrational Dynamics of a Cyano-Containing Non-Fullerene Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells Revealed by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11987-11995. [PMID: 34672586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-fullerene molecules, such as ITIC (3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene) indanone)-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)dithieno[2,3-d:2',3'-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']-dithiophene), are among the most promising non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells (OSCs). In this work, using the cyano stretching mode as a vibrational marker, the structural and vibrational energy dynamics of ITIC were examined on an ultrafast time scale with two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy. Two IR-active modes studied here mainly correspond to two anti-symmetric combinations of symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of two C≡N modes originating from two -C(CN)2 chromophores that are located across the ITIC system, which were found to have significantly larger off-diagonal anharmonicity than their corresponding diagonal anharmonicities. This indicates strong anharmonic vibrational coupling between the two modes, which is supported by ab initio anharmonic frequency computations. Transient IR results indicate picosecond intramolecular vibrational energy transfer between the two C≡N modes upon excitation. The structural basis for these vibrational and energetic features is the conjugating molecular frame that is composed of a network of single/double bonds connecting the two -C(CN)2 chromophores and may enable efficient vibration delocalization, in addition to its well-known electron delocalization capability. The importance of the results for the OSC applications is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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9
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Stingel AM, Petersen PB. Full spectrum 2D IR spectroscopy reveals below-gap absorption and phonon dynamics in the mid-IR bandgap semiconductor InAs. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:104202. [PMID: 34525815 DOI: 10.1063/5.0056217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
While the mid-infrared spectral region spans more than 3000 cm-1, ultrafast mid-IR spectroscopies are normally limited to the spectral bandwidth that can be generated in optical parametric amplifiers-typically a few hundred cm-1. As such, the spectral coverage in conventional two dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy captures only about 1% of the full potential 2D mid-IR spectrum. Here, we present 2D IR spectra using a continuum source as both the excitation and probe pulses, thus capturing close to the full 2D IR spectrum. While the continuum pulses span the entire mid-IR range, they are currently too weak to efficiently excite molecular vibrational modes but strong enough to induce electronic responses and excite phonons in semiconductors. We demonstrate the full spectrum 2D IR spectroscopy of the mid-IR bandgap semiconductor indium arsenide with a bandgap at 2855 cm-1. The measured response extends far below the bandgap and is due to field-induced band-shifting, causing probe absorption below the bandgap. While the band-shifting induces an instantaneous response that exists only during pulse overlap, the 2D IR spectra reveal additional off-diagonal features that decay on longer timescales. These longer-lived off-diagonal features result from coherent phonons excited via a Raman-like process at specific excitation frequencies. This study illustrates that the full spectrum 2D IR spectroscopy of electronic states in the mid-IR is possible with current continuum pulse technology and is effective in characterizing semiconductor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Stingel
- Physical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Poul B Petersen
- Physical Chemistry II, Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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10
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Two-dimensional electronic-vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy for interactions of electronic and nuclear motions at interfaces. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2100608118. [PMID: 34417312 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2100608118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions of electronic and vibrational degrees of freedom are essential for understanding excited-states relaxation pathways of molecular systems at interfaces and surfaces. Here, we present the development of interface-specific two-dimensional electronic-vibrational sum frequency generation (2D-EVSFG) spectroscopy for electronic-vibrational couplings for excited states at interfaces and surfaces. We demonstrate this 2D-EVSFG technique by investigating photoexcited interface-active (E)-4-((4-(dihexylamino) phenyl)diazinyl)-1-methylpyridin-1- lum (AP3) molecules at the air-water interface as an example. Our 2D-EVSFG experiments show strong vibronic couplings of interfacial AP3 molecules upon photoexcitation and subsequent relaxation of a locally excited (LE) state. Time-dependent 2D-EVSFG experiments indicate that the relaxation of the LE state, S 2, is strongly coupled with two high-frequency modes of 1,529.1 and 1,568.1 cm-1 Quantum chemistry calculations further verify that the strong vibronic couplings of the two vibrations promote the transition from the S 2 state to the lower excited state S 1 We believe that this development of 2D-EVSFG opens up an avenue of understanding excited-state dynamics related to interfaces and surfaces.
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11
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Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE), usually referring to the phenomenon in which molecules emit more strongly in the aggregate state than in the solution state, is intriguing and promising in various optoelectronic and biosensing applications. In this Perspective, the basic principles that can lead to AIE and experimental evidence to reveal the AIE mechanism of tetraphenyl ethylene (TPE)-type molecules are discussed. AIE is the consequence of two factors: (1) the fast energy dissipation by crossing a conical intersection (CI) in solutions but not in solids results in low luminescence efficiencies in the solutions, and (2) the weak intermolecular coupling and thus slow intermolecular energy/charge transfers in the AIE solids effectively prevent quenching and result in relatively high luminescence efficiencies. The key to AIE is that the luminescence efficiency is tuned by controlling molecules to cross or not to cross a CI by changing the phase of molecules. How fast a molecule can cross a CI is dependent on the energy barrier of isomerization, which can be tuned in many ways, including mechanical or electrical stimuli, in addition to changing phases. Barrier-dependent crossing CI also results in a very important consequence: excitation-wavelength-dependent fluorescence yield within one electronic excited state, an anti-Vavilov's rule phenomenon. In principle, there can be an alternative way to tune luminescence efficiency by manipulating the formation of CIs instead of crossing or not crossing them. This approach relies on the fact that the electronic ground state and the excited state have many different properties, e.g., dipole moment. By tuning the environment, e.g., dielectric constant, to favor or disfavor one state, one may be able to lift or lower the potential surface of one state so that the potential surfaces of two states can vary between intersected and not contacted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Guan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chengzhen Shen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Junrong Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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12
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Farrell KM, Ostrander JS, Jones AC, Yakami BR, Dicke SS, Middleton CT, Hamm P, Zanni MT. Shot-to-shot 2D IR spectroscopy at 100 kHz using a Yb laser and custom-designed electronics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:33584-33602. [PMID: 33115018 PMCID: PMC7679191 DOI: 10.1364/oe.409360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The majority of 2D IR spectrometers operate at 1-10 kHz using Ti:Sapphire laser technology. We report a 2D IR spectrometer designed around Yb:KGW laser technology that operates shot-to-shot at 100 kHz. It includes a home-built OPA, a mid-IR pulse shaper, and custom-designed electronics with optional on-chip processing. We report a direct comparison between Yb:KGW and Ti:Sapphire based 2D IR spectrometers. Even though the mid-IR pulse energy is much lower for the Yb:KGW driven system, there is an 8x improvement in signal-to-noise over the 1 kHz Ti:Sapphire driven spectrometer to which it is compared. Experimental data is shown for sub-millimolar concentrations of amides. Advantages and disadvantages of the design are discussed, including thermal background that arises at high repetition rates. This fundamental spectrometer design takes advantage of newly available Yb laser technology in a new way, providing a straightforward means of enhancing sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran M. Farrell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Josh S. Ostrander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Currently with the Department of Chemistry, Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion, Indiana 46953, USA
| | - Andrew C. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
- Currently with the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Baichhabi R. Yakami
- PhaseTech Spectroscopy, 2810 Crossroads Drive, Suite 4000 Madison, Wisconsin 53718, USA
| | - Sidney S. Dicke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Chris T. Middleton
- PhaseTech Spectroscopy, 2810 Crossroads Drive, Suite 4000 Madison, Wisconsin 53718, USA
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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13
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Fernández-Terán R, Hamm P. A closer look into the distance dependence of vibrational energy transfer on surfaces using 2D IR spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:154706. [PMID: 33092354 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrational energy transfer (VET) between two isotopologues of [Re(dcb)(CO)3Br] immobilized on a TiO2 surface is studied with the help of 2D IR spectroscopy in dependence of surface coverage. To dilute the molecules on the surface, and thereby control the intermolecular distances, two different diluents have been used: a third isotopologue of the same molecule and 4-cyanobenzoic acid. As expected, the VET rate decreases with dilution. For a quantitative investigation of the distance dependence of the VET rate, we analyze the data based on an excitonic model. This model reveals the typical 1/r6-distance dependence for a dimer of a donor and acceptor, similar to the nuclear Overhauser effect in NMR spectroscopy or Förster resonant energy transfer in electronic spectroscopy. However, VET becomes a collective phenomenon on the surface, with the existence of a network of coupled molecules and its disappearance below a percolation threshold, dominating the concentration dependence of the VET rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Hoffman DJ, Fayer MD. CLS Next Gen: Accurate Frequency–Frequency Correlation Functions from Center Line Slope Analysis of 2D Correlation Spectra Using Artificial Neural Networks. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5979-5992. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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15
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Petti MK, Ostrander JS, Birdsall ER, Kunz MB, Armstrong ZT, Alperstein AM, Zanni MT. A Proposed Method to Obtain Surface Specificity with Pump-Probe and 2D Spectroscopies. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:3471-3483. [PMID: 32255629 PMCID: PMC7993518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Surfaces and interfaces are ubiquitous in nature. From cell membranes, to photovoltaic thin films, surfaces have important function in both biological and materials systems. Spectroscopic techniques have been developed to probe systems like these, such as sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopies. The advantage of SFG spectroscopy, a second-order spectroscopy, is that it can distinguish between signals produced from molecules in the bulk versus on the surface. We propose a polarization scheme for third-order spectroscopy experiments, such as pump-probe and 2D spectroscopy, to select for surface signals and not bulk signals. This proposed polarization condition uses one pulse perpendicular compared to the other three to isolate cross-peaks arising from molecules with polar and uniaxial (i.e., biaxial) order at a surface, while removing the signal from bulk isotropic molecules. In this work, we focus on two of these cases: XXXY and YYYX, which differ by the sign of the cross-peak they create. We compare this technique to SFG spectroscopy and vibrational circular dichroism to provide insight to the behavior of the cross-peak signal. We propose that these singularly cross-polarized schemes provide odd-ordered spectroscopies the surface-specificity typically associated with even-ordered techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Petti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Joshua S Ostrander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Erin R Birdsall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Miriam Bohlmann Kunz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zachary T Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Ariel M Alperstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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16
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Zhang H, Wu Y, Yang J, Wang D, Yu P, Lai CT, Shi AC, Wang J, Cui S, Xiang J, Zhao N, Xu J. Superstretchable Dynamic Polymer Networks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904029. [PMID: 31490600 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Superstretchable materials have many applications in advanced technological fields but are difficult to stretch to more than 1000× their original length. A superstretchable dynamic polymer network that can be stretched to 13 000× its original length is designed. It is revealed that superstretchability of the polymer network is derived from the synergistic effect of two different types of dynamic bonds, including a small number of strong dynamic imine bonds to maintain the network integrity during stretching and a large number of weak ionic hydrogen bonds to dissipate energy. This approach provides new insights into the design of superstretchable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanzhou Wu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jinxia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Pengyun Yu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chi To Lai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - An-Chang Shi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Jianping Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuxun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Xiang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Center for Physicochemical Analysis and Measurement, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jian Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Ge A, Rudshteyn B, Videla PE, Miller CJ, Kubiak CP, Batista VS, Lian T. Heterogenized Molecular Catalysts: Vibrational Sum-Frequency Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Theoretical Investigations. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1289-1300. [PMID: 31056907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rhenium and manganese bipyridyl tricarbonyl complexes have attracted intense interest for their promising applications in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction in both homogeneous and heterogenized systems. To date, there have been extensive studies on immobilizing Re catalysts on solid surfaces for higher catalytic efficiency, reduced catalyst loading, and convenient product separation. However, in order for the heterogenized molecular catalysts to achieve the combination of the best aspects of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts, it is essential to understand the fundamental physicochemical properties of such heterogeneous systems, such as surface-bound structures of Re/Mn catalysts, substrate-adsorbate interactions, and photoinduced or electric-field-induced effects on Re/Mn catalysts. For example, the surface may act to (un)block substrates, (un)trap charges, (de)stabilize particular intermediates (and thus affect scaling relations), and shift potentials in different directions, just as protein environments do. The close collaboration between the Lian, Batista, and Kubiak groups has resulted in an integrated approach to investigate how the semiconductor or metal surface affects the properties of the attached catalyst. Synthetic strategies to achieve stable and controlled attachment of Re/Mn molecular catalysts have been developed. Steady-state, time-resolved, and electrochemical vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopic studies have provided insight into the effects of interfacial structures, ultrafast vibrational energy relaxation, and electric field on the Re/Mn catalysts, respectively. Various computational methods utilizing density functional theory (DFT) have been developed and applied to determine the molecular orientation by direct comparison to spectroscopy, unravel vibrational energy relaxation mechanisms, and quantify the interfacial electric field strength of the Re/Mn catalyst systems. This Account starts with a discussion of the recent progress in determining the surface-bound structures of Re catalysts on semiconductor and Au surfaces by a combined vibrational SFG and DFT study. The effects of crystal facet, length of anchoring ligands, and doping of the semiconductor on the bound structures of Re catalysts and of the substrate itself are discussed. This is followed by a summary of the progress in understanding the vibrational relaxation (VR) dynamics of Re catalysts covalently adsorbed on semiconductor and metal surfaces. The VR processes of Re catalysts on TiO2 films and TiO2 single crystals and a Re catalyst tethered on Au, particularly the role of electron-hole pair (EHP)-induced coupling on the VR of the Re catalyst bound on Au, are discussed. The Account also summarizes recent studies in quantifying the electric field strength experienced by the catalytically active site of the Re/Mn catalyst bound on a Au electrode based on a combined electrochemical SFG and DFT study of the Stark tuning of the CO stretching modes of these catalysts. Finally, future research directions on surface-immobilized molecular catalyst systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Benjamin Rudshteyn
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Pablo E. Videla
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Clifford P. Kubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0358, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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18
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Ghosh A, Prasad AK, Chuntonov L. Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy Reveals Molecular Self-Assembly on the Surface of Silver Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2481-2486. [PMID: 30978284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The conformation of molecules, peptides, and proteins, self-assembled into structured monolayers on the surface of metal nanoparticles (NPs), can strongly affect their properties and use in chemical or nanobiomedical applications. Elucidating molecular conformations on the NP surface is highly challenging, and the microscopic details mostly remain elusive. Using polarization-selective third-order two-dimensional ultrafast infrared spectroscopy, we revealed the highly ordered intermolecular structure of γ-tripeptide glutathione on the surface of silver NPs in aqueous solution. Glutathione is an antioxidant thiol abundant in living cells; it is extensively used in NP chemistry and related research. We identified conditions where the interaction of glutathione with the NP surface facilitates formation of a β-sheet-like structure enclosing the NPs. A spectroscopic signature associated with the assembly of β-sheets into an amyloid fibril-like structure was also observed. Remarkably, the interaction with the metal surface promotes formation of a fibril-like structure by a small peptide involving only two amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ghosh
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Solid State Institute , Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Amit K Prasad
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Solid State Institute , Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
| | - Lev Chuntonov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Solid State Institute , Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 3200003 , Israel
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19
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Wu Y, Yu P, Chen Y, Zhao J, Liu H, Li Y, Wang J. Intensified C≡C Stretching Vibrator and Its Potential Role in Monitoring Ultrafast Energy Transfer in 2D Carbon Material by Nonlinear Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1402-1410. [PMID: 30848918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, an intensity-enhanced C≡C stretching infrared (IR) absorption is observed in hexakis[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzene (HTEB), whose IR transition dipole magnitude becomes comparable to that of a typical C═O stretch, and the enhancement is believed to be due to a joint effect of π-π conjugation and hyperconjugation associated with a terminal trimethylsilyl group. Using dynamical time-dependent two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy, a picosecond intramolecular energy redistribution process is observed between two nondegenerate C≡C stretching modes, whose symmetry breaking is attributed to a noncovalent halogen-bonding interaction between HTEB and solvent CH2Cl2. The rigid structure of HTEB and limited structural dynamics are also inferred from the insignificant initial spectral diffusion value extracted from the 2D IR spectra. This work provides the first nonlinear infrared investigation of the conventionally weak C≡C stretch. The methods outlined are particularly important for detailed understanding of the structure-related processes such as vibrational energy transfer in novel C≡C species containing materials such as graphdiyne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhou Wu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pengyun Yu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhuan Chen
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Zhao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huibiao Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuliang Li
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
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20
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Petti MK, Ostrander JS, Saraswat V, Birdsall ER, Rich KL, Lomont JP, Arnold MS, Zanni MT. Enhancing the signal strength of surface sensitive 2D IR spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:024707. [PMID: 30646693 DOI: 10.1063/1.5065511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectroscopic techniques that are capable of measuring surfaces and interfaces must overcome two technical challenges: one, the low coverage of molecules at the surface, and two, discerning between signals from the bulk and surface. We present surface enhanced attenuated reflection 2D infrared (SEAR 2D IR) spectroscopy, a method that combines localized surface plasmons with a reflection pump-probe geometry to achieve monolayer sensitivity. The method is demonstrated at 6 µm with the amide I band of a model peptide, a cysteine terminated α-helical peptide tethered to a gold surface. Using SEAR 2D IR spectroscopy, the signal from this sample is enhanced 20 000-times over a monolayer on a dielectric surface. Like attenuated total reflection IR spectroscopy, SEAR 2D IR spectroscopy can be applied to strongly absorbing solvents. We demonstrated this capability by solvating a peptide monolayer with H2O, which cannot normally be used when measuring the amide I band. SEAR 2D IR spectroscopy will be advantageous for studying chemical reactions at electrochemical surfaces, interfacial charge transfer in photovoltaics, and structural changes of transmembrane proteins in lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Petti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Joshua S Ostrander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Vivek Saraswat
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Erin R Birdsall
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Kacie L Rich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Justin P Lomont
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Michael S Arnold
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Martin T Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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21
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Porter TM, Wang J, Li Y, Xiang B, Salsman C, Miller JS, Xiong W, Kubiak CP. Direct observation of the intermediate in an ultrafast isomerization. Chem Sci 2019; 10:113-117. [PMID: 30713623 PMCID: PMC6333165 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03258k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a combination of two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) and variable temperature Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies the rapid structural isomerization of a five-coordinate ruthenium complex is investigated. In methylene chloride, three exchanging isomers were observed: (1) square pyramidal equatorial, (1); (2) trigonal bipyramidal, (0); and (3) square pyramidal apical, (2). Exchange between 1 and 0 was found to be an endergonic process (ΔH = 0.84 (0.08) kcal mol-1, ΔS = 0.6 (0.4) eu) with an isomerization time constant of 4.3 (1.5) picoseconds (ps, 10-12 s). Exchange between 0 and 2 however was found to be exergonic (ΔH = -2.18 (0.06) kcal mol-1, ΔS = -5.3 (0.3) eu) and rate limiting with an isomerization time constant of 6.3 (1.6) ps. The trigonal bipyramidal complex was found to be an intermediate, with an activation barrier of 2.2 (0.2) kcal mol-1 and 2.4 (0.2) kcal mol-1 relative to the equatorial and apical square pyramidal isomers respectively. This study provides direct validation of the mechanism of Berry pseudorotation - the pairwise exchange of ligands in a five-coordinate complex - a process that was first described over fifty years ago. This study also clearly demonstrates that the rate of pseudorotation approaches the frequency of molecular vibrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler M Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , USA . ;
| | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , USA . ;
| | - Yingmin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , USA . ;
| | - Bo Xiang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , USA . ;
| | - Catherine Salsman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , USA . ;
| | - Joel S Miller
- Department of Chemistry , University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2124 , Salt Lake City , Utah 84112-0850 , USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , USA . ;
| | - Clifford P Kubiak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , USA . ;
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22
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Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Wei Q, Zhou D, Wu G, Cai K, Yuan K, Bian H. Understanding the intramolecular vibrational energy transfer and structural dynamics of anionic ligands in a photo-catalytic CO 2reduction catalyst. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23026-23035. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05029a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) and structural dynamics of rhenium photo-catalysts is essential for understanding the mechanism of the photo-catalytic process of CO2reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Qianshun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Dexia Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Kaicong Cai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Fujian Normal University
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Hongtao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shaanxi Normal University
- Xi'an
- China
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23
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Kiefer LM, Kubarych KJ. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy of coordination complexes: From solvent dynamics to photocatalysis. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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24
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Hu P, Li X, Li B, Han X, Zhang F, Chou KC, Chen Z, Lu X. Molecular Coupling between Organic Molecules and Metal. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5167-5172. [PMID: 30141630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular couplings at interfaces play important roles in determining the performance of nanophotonics and molecular electronics. In this Letter, using femtosecond sum frequency generation to trace free-induction decay of vibrationally excited aromatic thiol molecules immobilized on metal with and without the bridged methylene group(s), metal surface free electron-coupled and uncoupled phenyl C-H stretching vibrational modes were identified, with dephasing times of ∼0.28 and ∼0.60 ps, respectively. For thiols on Au with the bridged methylene group(s) (benzyl mercaptan and phenylethanethiol), both the coupled and uncoupled modes were observed; for thiol on Au without the bridged methylene group (thiophenol), only the coupled mode was observed. This indicates that the bridged methylene group(s) serving as a spacer can be used to adjust the molecular coupling between the phenyl vibration and surface free electrons. The experimental approach can be used to tune molecular couplings in advanced nanophotonics and molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Bolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Xiaofeng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Furong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
| | - Keng C Chou
- Department of Chemistry , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , BC , Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering , Southeast University , Nanjing 210096 , China
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25
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Nishida J, Breen JP, Lindquist KP, Umeyama D, Karunadasa HI, Fayer MD. Dynamically Disordered Lattice in a Layered Pb-I-SCN Perovskite Thin Film Probed by Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:9882-9890. [PMID: 30024160 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The dynamically flexible lattices in lead halide perovskites may play important roles in extending carrier recombination lifetime in 3D perovskite solar-cell absorbers and in exciton self-trapping in 2D perovskite white-light phosphors. Two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy was applied to study a recently reported Pb-I-SCN layered perovskite. The Pb-I-SCN perovskite was spin-coated on a SiO2 surface as a thin film, with a thickness of ∼100 nm, where the S12CN- anions were isotopically diluted with the ratio of S12CN:S13CN = 5:95 to avoid vibrational coupling and excitation transfer between adjacent SCN- anions. The 12CN stretch mode of the minor S12CN- component was the principal vibrational probe that reported on the structural evolution through 2D IR spectroscopy. Spectral diffusion was observed with a time constant of 4.1 ± 0.3 ps. Spectral diffusion arises from small structural changes that result in sampling of frequencies within the distribution of frequencies comprising the inhomogeneously broadened infrared absorption band. These transitions among discrete local structures are distinct from oscillatory phonon motions of the lattice. To accurately evaluate the structural dynamics through measurement of spectral diffusion, the vibrational coupling between adjacent SCN- anions had to be carefully treated. Although the inorganic layers of typical 2D perovskites are structurally isolated from each other, the 2D IR data demonstrated that the layers of the Pb-I-SCN perovskite are vibrationally coupled. When both S12CN- and S13CN- were pumped simultaneously, cross-peaks between S12CN and S13CN vibrations and an oscillating 2D band shape of the S12CN- vibration were observed. Both observables demonstrate vibrational coupling between the closest SCN- anions, which reside in different inorganic layers. The thin films and the isotopic dilution produced exceedingly small vibrational echo signal fields; measurements were made possible using the near-Brewster's angle reflection pump-probe geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nishida
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - John P Breen
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kurt P Lindquist
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Daiki Umeyama
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Hemamala I Karunadasa
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Michael D Fayer
- Department of Chemistry , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
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26
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Xiang B, Ribeiro RF, Dunkelberger AD, Wang J, Li Y, Simpkins BS, Owrutsky JC, Yuen-Zhou J, Xiong W. Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy of vibrational polaritons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:4845-4850. [PMID: 29674448 PMCID: PMC5948987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1722063115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We report experimental 2D infrared (2D IR) spectra of coherent light-matter excitations--molecular vibrational polaritons. The application of advanced 2D IR spectroscopy to vibrational polaritons challenges and advances our understanding in both fields. First, the 2D IR spectra of polaritons differ drastically from free uncoupled excitations and a new interpretation is needed. Second, 2D IR uniquely resolves excitation of hybrid light-matter polaritons and unexpected dark states in a state-selective manner, revealing otherwise hidden interactions between them. Moreover, 2D IR signals highlight the impact of molecular anharmonicities which are applicable to virtually all molecular systems. A quantum-mechanical model is developed which incorporates both nuclear and electrical anharmonicities and provides the basis for interpreting this class of 2D IR spectra. This work lays the foundation for investigating phenomena of nonlinear photonics and chemistry of molecular vibrational polaritons which cannot be probed with traditional linear spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Raphael F Ribeiro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | | | - Jiaxi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yingmin Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Blake S Simpkins
- Chemistry Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375
| | | | - Joel Yuen-Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Wei Xiong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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27
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Kiefer LM, Kubarych KJ. Solvent exchange in preformed photocatalyst-donor precursor complexes determines efficiency. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1527-1533. [PMID: 29675196 PMCID: PMC5887230 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In homogeneous photocatalytic reduction of CO2, it is widely assumed that the primary electron transfer from the sacrificial donor to the catalyst is diffusion controlled, thus little attention has been paid to optimizing this step. We present spectroscopic evidence that the precursor complex is preformed, driven by preferential solvation, and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy reveals triethanolamine (donor)/tetrahydrofuran (solvent) exchange in the photocatalyst's solvation shell, reaching greatest magnitude at the known optimal concentration (∼20% v/v TEOA in THF) for catalytically reducing CO2 to CO. Transient infrared absorption shows the appearance of the singly reduced catalyst on an ultrafast (<70 ps) time scale, consistent with non-diffusion controlled electron transfer within the preformed precursor complex. Identification of preferential catalyst-cosolvent interactions suggests a revised paradigm for the primary electron transfer, while illuminating the pivotal importance of solvent exchange in determining the overall efficiency of the photocycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
| | - Kevin J Kubarych
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , MI 48109 , USA .
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28
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Ge A, Rudshteyn B, Zhu J, Maurer RJ, Batista VS, Lian T. Electron-Hole-Pair-Induced Vibrational Energy Relaxation of Rhenium Catalysts on Gold Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:406-412. [PMID: 29227669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A combination of time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy and density functional theory techniques have been applied to study the vibrational energy relaxation dynamics of the Re(4,4'-dicyano-2,2'-bipyridine)(CO)3Cl (Re(CO)3Cl) catalyst for CO2 to CO conversion bound to gold surfaces. The kinetics of vibrational relaxation exhibits a biexponential decay including an ultrafast initial relaxation and complete recovery of the ground vibrational state. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and time-dependent perturbation theory reveal the former to be due to vibrational population exchange between CO stretching modes and the latter to be a combination of intramolecular vibrational relaxation (IVR) and electron-hole pair (EHP)-induced energy transfer into the gold substrate. EHP-induced energy transfer from the Re(CO)3Cl adsorbate into the gold surface occurs on the same time scale as IVR of Re(CO)3Cl in aprotic solvents. Therefore, it is expected to be particularly relevant to understanding the reduced catalytic activity of the homogeneous catalyst when anchored to a metal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Ge
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Benjamin Rudshteyn
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University , West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Reinhard J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Victor S Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University , West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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29
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Kraack JP, Sévery L, Tilley SD, Hamm P. Plasmonic Substrates Do Not Promote Vibrational Energy Transfer at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:49-56. [PMID: 29235870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular vibrational energy transfer in monolayers of isotopically mixed rhenium carbonyl complexes at solid-liquid interfaces is investigated with the help of ultrafast 2D Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared (2D ATR IR) spectroscopy in dependence of plasmonic surface enhancement effects. Dielectric and plasmonic materials are used to demonstrate that plasmonic effects have no impact on the vibrational energy transfer rate in a regime of moderate IR surface enhancement (enhancement factors up to ca. 30). This result can be explained with the common image-dipole picture. The vibrational energy transfer rate thus can be used as a direct observable to determine intermolecular distances on surfaces, regardless of their plasmonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philip Kraack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Sévery
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S David Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Peng L, Zhang M, Lin M, Fu Q. A novel self-healing power cable insulating material based on host–guest interactions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:25313-25318. [PMID: 35539811 PMCID: PMC9082523 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04882g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulating materials used in power cables are susceptible to damage and cracks during installation and operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Peng
- Electric Science and Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd
- China
- School of Electrical Engineering
- Chongqing University
- China
| | - Manjun Zhang
- Electric Science and Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd
- China
| | - Musong Lin
- Electric Science and Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd
- China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Electric Science and Research Institute of Guangdong Power Grid Co. Ltd
- China
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31
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Yan C, Thomaz JE, Wang YL, Nishida J, Yuan R, Breen JP, Fayer MD. Ultrafast to Ultraslow Dynamics of a Langmuir Monolayer at the Air/Water Interface Observed with Reflection Enhanced 2D IR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16518-16527. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Joseph E. Thomaz
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jun Nishida
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Rongfeng Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - John P. Breen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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32
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Kraack JP. Ultrafast structural molecular dynamics investigated with 2D infrared spectroscopy methods. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:86. [PMID: 29071445 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafast, multi-dimensional infrared (IR) spectroscopy has been advanced in recent years to a versatile analytical tool with a broad range of applications to elucidate molecular structure on ultrafast timescales, and it can be used for samples in a many different environments. Following a short and general introduction on the benefits of 2D IR spectroscopy, the first part of this chapter contains a brief discussion on basic descriptions and conceptual considerations of 2D IR spectroscopy. Outstanding classical applications of 2D IR are used afterwards to highlight the strengths and basic applicability of the method. This includes the identification of vibrational coupling in molecules, characterization of spectral diffusion dynamics, chemical exchange of chemical bond formation and breaking, as well as dynamics of intra- and intermolecular energy transfer for molecules in bulk solution and thin films. In the second part, several important, recently developed variants and new applications of 2D IR spectroscopy are introduced. These methods focus on (i) applications to molecules under two- and three-dimensional confinement, (ii) the combination of 2D IR with electrochemistry, (iii) ultrafast 2D IR in conjunction with diffraction-limited microscopy, (iv) several variants of non-equilibrium 2D IR spectroscopy such as transient 2D IR and 3D IR, and (v) extensions of the pump and probe spectral regions for multi-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy towards mixed vibrational-electronic spectroscopies. In light of these examples, the important open scientific and conceptual questions with regard to intra- and intermolecular dynamics are highlighted. Such questions can be tackled with the existing arsenal of experimental variants of 2D IR spectroscopy to promote the understanding of fundamentally new aspects in chemistry, biology and materials science. The final part of the chapter introduces several concepts of currently performed technical developments, which aim at exploiting 2D IR spectroscopy as an analytical tool. Such developments embrace the combination of 2D IR spectroscopy and plasmonic spectroscopy for ultrasensitive analytics, merging 2D IR spectroscopy with ultra-high-resolution microscopy (nanoscopy), future variants of transient 2D IR methods, or 2D IR in conjunction with microfluidics. It is expected that these techniques will allow for groundbreaking research in many new areas of natural sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philip Kraack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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33
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Ghosh A, Ostrander JS, Zanni MT. Watching Proteins Wiggle: Mapping Structures with Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10726-10759. [PMID: 28060489 PMCID: PMC5500453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins exhibit structural fluctuations over decades of time scales. From the picosecond side chain motions to aggregates that form over the course of minutes, characterizing protein structure over these vast lengths of time is important to understanding their function. In the past 15 years, two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy (2D IR) has been established as a versatile tool that can uniquely probe proteins structures on many time scales. In this review, we present some of the basic principles behind 2D IR and show how they have, and can, impact the field of protein biophysics. We highlight experiments in which 2D IR spectroscopy has provided structural and dynamical data that would be difficult to obtain with more standard structural biology techniques. We also highlight technological developments in 2D IR that continue to expand the scope of scientific problems that can be accessed in the biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua S. Ostrander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Martin T. Zanni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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34
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Gandman A, Mackin R, Cohn B, Rubtsov IV, Chuntonov L. Two-Dimensional Fano Lineshapes in Ultrafast Vibrational Spectroscopy of Thin Molecular Layers on Plasmonic Arrays. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3341-3346. [PMID: 28677974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional femtosecond infrared (2DIR) spectroscopy routinely provides insights into molecular structure and ultrafast dynamics in 1-100 μm thick bulk samples. Confinement of molecules to surfaces, gaps, crevices, and other topographic features, frequently encountered on the nanometer length scale, significantly alters their structure and dynamics, affecting physical and chemical properties. Amplification of 2DIR signals by the plasmon-enhanced fields around metal nanostructures can permit structural and dynamics measurements of the confined molecules. Fano resonances, induced by the interaction between laser pulses, plasmon, and vibrational modes significantly distort 2D lineshapes. For different detuning from plasmon resonance, the interference between multiple signal components leads to different line shape asymmetry, which we demonstrate on a set of linear absorption, transient absorption, and 2DIR spectra. An intuitive model used to describe experimental data points to the interference's origin. Our results will facilitate the application of surface-enhanced 2DIR spectroscopy for studies of molecular structure and dynamics in a nanoconfined environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Gandman
- Solid State Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Robert Mackin
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Bar Cohn
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Igor V Rubtsov
- Department of Chemistry, Tulane University , New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States
| | - Lev Chuntonov
- Solid State Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
- Russel Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
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35
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Kraack JP, Kaech A, Hamm P. Molecule-specific interactions of diatomic adsorbates at metal-liquid interfaces. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:044009. [PMID: 28396878 PMCID: PMC5367089 DOI: 10.1063/1.4978894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast vibrational dynamics of small molecules on platinum (Pt) layers in water are investigated using 2D attenuated total reflectance IR spectroscopy. Isotope combinations of carbon monoxide and cyanide are used to elucidate inter-adsorbate and substrate-adsorbate interactions. Despite observed cross-peaks in the CO spectra, we conclude that the molecules are not vibrationally coupled. Rather, strong substrate-adsorbate interactions evoke rapid (∼2 ps) vibrational relaxation from the adsorbate into the Pt layer, leading to thermal cross-peaks. In the case of CN, vibrational relaxation is significantly slower (∼10 ps) and dominated by adsorbate-solvent interactions, while the coupling to the substrate is negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philip Kraack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andres Kaech
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Wang J. Ultrafast two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy for molecular structures and dynamics with expanding wavelength range and increasing sensitivities: from experimental and computational perspectives. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1321856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Molecular Reaction Dynamics Laboratory, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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37
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Kraack JP, Frei A, Alberto R, Hamm P. Ultrafast Vibrational Energy Transfer in Catalytic Monolayers at Solid-Liquid Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2489-2495. [PMID: 28521090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the ultrafast vibrational dynamics of monolayers from adsorbed rhenium-carbonyl CO2-reduction catalysts on a semiconductor surface (indium-tin-oxide (ITO)) with ultrafast two-dimensional attenuated total reflection infrared (2D ATR IR) spectroscopy. The complexes are partially equipped with isotope-labeled (13C) carbonyl ligands to generate two spectroscopically distinguishable forms of the molecules. Ultrafast vibrational energy transfer between the molecules is observed via the temporal evolution of cross-peaks between their symmetric carbonyl stretching vibrations. These contributions appear with time constant of 70 and 90 ps for downhill and uphill energy transfer, respectively. The energy transfer is thus markedly slower than any of the other intramolecular dynamics. From the transfer rate, an intermolecular distance of ∼4-5 Å can be estimated, close to the van der Waals distance of the molecular head groups. The present paper presents an important cornerstone for a better understanding of intermolecular coupling mechanisms of molecules on surfaces and explains the absence of similar features in earlier studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philip Kraack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Angelo Frei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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38
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Photophysical behavior of systematically substituted (di-2-pyridylaminomethyl) benzene ligands and its Re(I) complexes: A combined experimental and theoretical approach. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Nishida J, Yan C, Fayer MD. Enhanced nonlinear spectroscopy for monolayers and thin films in near-Brewster’s angle reflection pump-probe geometry. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4977508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nishida
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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40
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Vanselous H, Stingel AM, Petersen PB. Interferometric 2D Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy Reveals Structural Heterogeneity of Catalytic Monolayers on Transparent Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:825-830. [PMID: 28151677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b03025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular monolayers exhibit structural and dynamical properties that are different from their bulk counterparts due to their interaction with the substrate. Extracting these distinct properties is crucial for a better understanding of processes such as heterogeneous catalysis and interfacial charge transfer. Ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopic techniques such as 2D infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy are powerful tools for understanding molecular dynamics in complex bulk systems. Here, we build on technical advancements in 2D IR and heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy to study a CO2 reduction catalyst on nanostructured TiO2 with interferometric 2D SFG spectroscopy. Our method combines phase-stable heterodyne detection employing an external local oscillator with a broad-band pump pulse pair to provide the first high spectral and temporal resolution 2D SFG spectra of a transparent material. We determine the overall molecular orientation of the catalyst and find that there is a static structural heterogeneity reflective of different local environments at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Vanselous
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Ashley M Stingel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Poul B Petersen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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41
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Xue RJ, Grofe A, Yin H, Qu Z, Gao J, Li H. Perturbation Approach for Computing Infrared Spectra of the Local Mode of Probe Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:191-201. [PMID: 28068771 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Linear and two-dimensional infrared (IR) spectroscopy of site-specific probe molecules provides an opportunity to gain a molecular-level understanding of the local hydrogen-bonding network, conformational dynamics, and long-range electrostatic interactions in condensed-phase and biological systems. A challenge in computation is to determine the time-dependent vibrational frequencies that incorporate explicitly both nuclear quantum effects of vibrational motions and an electronic structural representation of the potential energy surface. In this paper, a nuclear quantum vibrational perturbation (QVP) method is described for efficiently determining the instantaneous vibrational frequency of a chromophore in molecular dynamics simulations. Computational efficiency is achieved through the use of (a) discrete variable representation of the vibrational wave functions, (b) a perturbation theory to evaluate the vibrational energy shifts due to solvent dynamic fluctuations, and (c) a combined QM/MM potential for the systems. It was found that first-order perturbation is sufficiently accurate, enabling time-dependent vibrational frequencies to be obtained on the fly in molecular dynamics. The QVP method is illustrated in the mode-specific linear and 2D-IR spectra of the H-Cl stretching frequency in the HCl-water clusters and the carbonyl stretching vibration of acetone in aqueous solution. To further reduce computational cost, a hybrid strategy was proposed, and it was found that the computed vibrational spectral peak position and line shape are in agreement with experimental results. In addition, it was found that anharmonicity is significant in the H-Cl stretching mode, and hydrogen-bonding interactions further enhance anharmonic effects. The present QVP method complements other computational approaches, including path integral-based molecular dynamics, and represents a major improvement over the electrostatics-based spectroscopic mapping procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jie Xue
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Adam Grofe
- Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - He Yin
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexing Qu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiali Gao
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota , 207 Pleasant Street, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University , 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130023, People's Republic of China
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42
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Kraack JP, Hamm P. Surface-Sensitive and Surface-Specific Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Vibrational Spectroscopy. Chem Rev 2016; 117:10623-10664. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philip Kraack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Hamm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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Nishida J, Yan C, Fayer MD. Orientational Dynamics of a Functionalized Alkyl Planar Monolayer Probed by Polarization-Selective Angle-Resolved Infrared Pump–Probe Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14057-14065. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Nishida
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Chang Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael D. Fayer
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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44
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Kraack JP, Hamm P. Vibrational ladder-climbing in surface-enhanced, ultrafast infrared spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:16088-93. [PMID: 27265518 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02589g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a recent work (J. Phys. Chem. C 2016, 120, 3350-3359), we have introduced the concept of surface-enhanced, two-dimensional attenuated total reflectance (2D ATR IR) spectroscopy with modest enhancement factors (<50) using small plasmonic noble metal nanoparticles at solid-liquid interfaces. Here, we show that employment of almost continuous noble metal layers results in significantly stronger enhancement factors in 2D ATR IR signals (>450), which allows for multi-quantum IR excitation of adsorbed molecules, a process known as "vibrational ladder-climbing", even for weakly absorbing (ε < 200 M(-1) cm(-1)) nitrile IR labels. We show that it is possible to deposit up to four quanta of vibrational energy in the respective functional group. Based on these results, optical near-fields of plasmonic nanostructures may pave the way for future investigations involving ultrafast dynamics of highly excited vibrational states or surface-sensitive coherent control experiments of ground-state reactions at solid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philip Kraack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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45
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Roy N, Shibano Y, Terashima C, Katsumata K, Nakata K, Kondo T, Yuasa M, Fujishima A. Ionic‐Liquid‐Assisted Selective and Controlled Electrochemical CO
2
Reduction at Cu‐Modified Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode. ChemElectroChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Roy
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Research Institute for Science & Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yuta Shibano
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Research Institute for Science & Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Chiaki Terashima
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Research Institute for Science & Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Ken‐ichi Katsumata
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Research Institute for Science & Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Kazuya Nakata
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Research Institute for Science & Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Research Institute for Science & Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Makoto Yuasa
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Research Institute for Science & Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Akira Fujishima
- Photocatalysis International Research Center Research Institute for Science & Technology Tokyo University of Science 2641, Yamazaki, Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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46
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Two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy measures the structural dynamics of a self-assembled film only one molecule thick. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4890-1. [PMID: 27095845 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1605263113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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47
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Unraveling the dynamics and structure of functionalized self-assembled monolayers on gold using 2D IR spectroscopy and MD simulations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:4929-34. [PMID: 27044113 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1603080113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionalized self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are the focus of ongoing investigations because they can be chemically tuned to control their structure and dynamics for a wide variety of applications, including electrochemistry, catalysis, and as models of biological interfaces. Here we combine reflection 2D infrared vibrational echo spectroscopy (R-2D IR) and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the relationship between the structures of functionalized alkanethiol SAMs on gold surfaces and their underlying molecular motions on timescales of tens to hundreds of picoseconds. We find that at higher head group density, the monolayers have more disorder in the alkyl chain packing and faster dynamics. The dynamics of alkanethiol SAMs on gold are much slower than the dynamics of alkylsiloxane SAMs on silica. Using the simulations, we assess how the different molecular motions of the alkyl chain monolayers give rise to the dynamics observed in the experiments.
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48
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Characterizing interstate vibrational coherent dynamics of surface adsorbed catalysts by fourth-order 3D SFG spectroscopy. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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49
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Two distinctive energy migration pathways of monolayer molecules on metal nanoparticle surfaces. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10749. [PMID: 26883665 PMCID: PMC4757789 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy migrations at metal nanomaterial surfaces are fundamentally important to heterogeneous reactions. Here we report two distinctive energy migration pathways of monolayer adsorbate molecules on differently sized metal nanoparticle surfaces investigated with ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy. On a 5 nm platinum particle, within a few picoseconds the vibrational energy of a carbon monoxide adsorbate rapidly dissipates into the particle through electron/hole pair excitations, generating heat that quickly migrates on surface. In contrast, the lack of vibration-electron coupling on approximately 1 nm particles results in vibrational energy migration among adsorbates that occurs on a twenty times slower timescale. Further investigations reveal that the rapid carbon monoxide energy relaxation is also affected by the adsorption sites and the nature of the metal but to a lesser extent. These findings reflect the dependence of electron/vibration coupling on the metallic nature, size and surface site of nanoparticles and its significance in mediating energy relaxations and migrations on nanoparticle surfaces. Energy migrations at metal nanomaterial surfaces are fundamentally important to heterogeneous reactions. Here, the authors employ ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy to show two distinctive energy migration pathways of monolayer adsorbate molecules on differently sized metal nanoparticle surfaces.
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50
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Park KD, Muller EA, Kravtsov V, Sass PM, Dreyer J, Atkin JM, Raschke MB. Variable-Temperature Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Single-Molecule Fluctuations and Dynamics. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:479-87. [PMID: 26679007 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Structure, dynamics, and coupling involving single-molecules determine function in catalytic, electronic or biological systems. While vibrational spectroscopy provides insight into molecular structure, rapid fluctuations blur the molecular trajectory even in single-molecule spectroscopy, analogous to spatial averaging in measuring large ensembles. To gain insight into intramolecular coupling, substrate coupling, and dynamic processes, we use tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) at variable and cryogenic temperatures, to slow and control the motion of a single molecule. We resolve intrinsic line widths of individual normal modes, allowing detailed and quantitative investigation of the vibrational modes. From temperature dependent line narrowing and splitting, we quantify ultrafast vibrational dephasing, intramolecular coupling, and conformational heterogeneity. Through statistical correlation analysis of fluctuations of individual modes, we observe rotational motion and spectral fluctuations of the molecule. This work demonstrates single-molecule vibrational spectroscopy beyond chemical identification, opening the possibility for a complete picture of molecular motion ranging from femtoseconds to minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Eric A Muller
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Vasily Kravtsov
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Paul M Sass
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jens Dreyer
- German Research School for Simulation Sciences, RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich , D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Joanna M Atkin
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Markus B Raschke
- Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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