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Zhao Y, Forst CV, Sayegh CE, Wang IM, Yang X, Zhang B. Molecular and genetic inflammation networks in major human diseases. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 12:2318-41. [PMID: 27303926 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00240d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It has been well-recognized that inflammation alongside tissue repair and damage maintaining tissue homeostasis determines the initiation and progression of complex diseases. Albeit with the accomplishment of having captured the most critical inflammation-involved molecules, genetic susceptibilities, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors, our schemata on the role of inflammation in complex diseases remain largely patchy, in part due to the success of reductionism in terms of research methodology per se. Omics data alongside the advances in data integration technologies have enabled reconstruction of molecular and genetic inflammation networks which shed light on the underlying pathophysiology of complex diseases or clinical conditions. Given the proven beneficial role of anti-inflammation in coronary heart disease as well as other complex diseases and immunotherapy as a revolutionary transition in oncology, it becomes timely to review our current understanding of the molecular and genetic inflammation networks underlying major human diseases. In this review, we first briefly discuss the complexity of infectious diseases and then highlight recently uncovered molecular and genetic inflammation networks in other major human diseases including obesity, type II diabetes, coronary heart disease, late onset Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and sporadic cancer. The commonality and specificity of these molecular networks are addressed in the context of genetics based on genome-wide association study (GWAS). The double-sword role of inflammation, such as how the aberrant type 1 and/or type 2 immunity leads to chronic and severe clinical conditions, remains open in terms of the inflammasome and the core inflammatome network features. Increasingly available large Omics and clinical data in tandem with systems biology approaches have offered an exciting yet challenging opportunity toward reconstruction of more comprehensive and dynamic molecular and genetic inflammation networks, which hold great promise in transiting network snapshots to video-style multi-scale interplays of disease mechanisms, in turn leading to effective clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhong Zhao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA. and Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA
| | - Christian V Forst
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA. and Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA
| | - Camil E Sayegh
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals (Canada) Incorporated, 275 Armand-Frappier, Laval, Quebec H7V 4A7, Canada
| | - I-Ming Wang
- Informatics and Analysis, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA.
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA. and Institute of Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1425 Madison Avenue, NY 10029, USA
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Springer CS, Li X, Tudorica LA, Oh KY, Roy N, Chui SYC, Naik AM, Holtorf ML, Afzal A, Rooney WD, Huang W. Intratumor mapping of intracellular water lifetime: metabolic images of breast cancer? NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:760-73. [PMID: 24798066 PMCID: PMC4174415 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Shutter-speed pharmacokinetic analysis of dynamic-contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI data allows evaluation of equilibrium inter-compartmental water interchange kinetics. The process measured here - transcytolemmal water exchange - is characterized by the mean intracellular water molecule lifetime (τi). The τi biomarker is a true intensive property not accessible by any formulation of the tracer pharmacokinetic paradigm, which inherently assumes it is effectively zero when applied to DCE-MRI. We present population-averaged in vivo human breast whole tumor τi changes induced by therapy, along with those of other pharmacokinetic parameters. In responding patients, the DCE parameters change significantly after only one neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycle: while K(trans) (measuring mostly contrast agent (CA) extravasation) and kep (CA intravasation rate constant) decrease, τi increases. However, high-resolution, (1 mm)(2), parametric maps exhibit significant intratumor heterogeneity, which is lost by averaging. A typical 400 ms τi value means a trans-membrane water cycling flux of 10(13) H2O molecules s(-1)/cell for a 12 µm diameter cell. Analyses of intratumor variations (and therapy-induced changes) of τi in combination with concomitant changes of ve (extracellular volume fraction) indicate that the former are dominated by alterations of the equilibrium cell membrane water permeability coefficient, PW, not of cell size. These can be interpreted in light of literature results showing that τi changes are dominated by a PW (active) component that reciprocally reflects the membrane driving P-type ATPase ion pump turnover. For mammalian cells, this is the Na(+), K(+)-ATPase pump. These results promise the potential to discriminate metabolic and microenvironmental states of regions within tumors in vivo, and their changes with therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles S Springer
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
- *Correspondence to: C. S. Springer, Jr, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA. E-mail:
| | - Xin Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Luminita A Tudorica
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Karen Y Oh
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole Roy
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Stephen Y-C Chui
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Arpana M Naik
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Megan L Holtorf
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
- Clinical Trials Office, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Aneela Afzal
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - William D Rooney
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science UniversityPortland, OR, USA
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