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Brandt PC, Provornikova E, Bale SD, Cocoros A, DeMajistre R, Dialynas K, Elliott HA, Eriksson S, Fields B, Galli A, Hill ME, Horanyi M, Horbury T, Hunziker S, Kollmann P, Kinnison J, Fountain G, Krimigis SM, Kurth WS, Linsky J, Lisse CM, Mandt KE, Magnes W, McNutt RL, Miller J, Moebius E, Mostafavi P, Opher M, Paxton L, Plaschke F, Poppe AR, Roelof EC, Runyon K, Redfield S, Schwadron N, Sterken V, Swaczyna P, Szalay J, Turner D, Vannier H, Wimmer-Schweingruber R, Wurz P, Zirnstein EJ. Future Exploration of the Outer Heliosphere and Very Local Interstellar Medium by Interstellar Probe. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2023; 219:18. [PMID: 36874191 PMCID: PMC9974711 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A detailed overview of the knowledge gaps in our understanding of the heliospheric interaction with the largely unexplored Very Local Interstellar Medium (VLISM) are provided along with predictions of with the scientific discoveries that await. The new measurements required to make progress in this expanding frontier of space physics are discussed and include in-situ plasma and pick-up ion measurements throughout the heliosheath, direct sampling of the VLISM properties such as elemental and isotopic composition, densities, flows, and temperatures of neutral gas, dust and plasma, and remote energetic neutral atom (ENA) and Lyman-alpha (LYA) imaging from vantage points that can uniquely discern the heliospheric shape and bring new information on the interaction with interstellar hydrogen. The implementation of a pragmatic Interstellar Probe mission with a nominal design life to reach 375 Astronomical Units (au) with likely operation out to 550 au are reported as a result of a 4-year NASA funded mission study.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. C. Brandt
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - E. Provornikova
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - S. D. Bale
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - A. Cocoros
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - R. DeMajistre
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - K. Dialynas
- Office of Space Research and Technology, Academy of Athens, Athens, 10679 Greece
| | | | - S. Eriksson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - B. Fields
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA
| | - A. Galli
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M. E. Hill
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - M. Horanyi
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | | | | | - P. Kollmann
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - J. Kinnison
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - G. Fountain
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - S. M. Krimigis
- Office of Space Research and Technology, Academy of Athens, Athens, 10679 Greece
| | | | - J. Linsky
- University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - C. M. Lisse
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - K. E. Mandt
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - W. Magnes
- Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria
| | - R. L. McNutt
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | - E. Moebius
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - P. Mostafavi
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - M. Opher
- Boston University, Boston, MA USA
| | - L. Paxton
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - F. Plaschke
- Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A. R. Poppe
- University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - E. C. Roelof
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | - K. Runyon
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ USA
| | | | | | | | | | - J. Szalay
- Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - D. Turner
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD USA
| | | | | | - P. Wurz
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Galli A, Baliukin II, Bzowski M, Izmodenov VV, Kornbleuth M, Kucharek H, Möbius E, Opher M, Reisenfeld D, Schwadron NA, Swaczyna P. The Heliosphere and Local Interstellar Medium from Neutral Atom Observations at Energies Below 10 keV. SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS 2022; 218:31. [PMID: 35673597 PMCID: PMC9165285 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00901-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
As the heliosphere moves through the surrounding interstellar medium, a fraction of the interstellar neutral helium, hydrogen, and heavier species crossing the heliopause make it to the inner heliosphere as neutral atoms with energies ranging from few eV to several hundred eV. In addition, energetic neutral hydrogen atoms originating from solar wind protons and from pick-up ions are created through charge-exchange with interstellar atoms. This review summarizes all observations of heliospheric energetic neutral atoms and interstellar neutrals at energies below 10 keV. Most of these data were acquired with the Interstellar Boundary Explorer launched in 2008. Among many other IBEX breakthroughs, it provided the first ever all-sky maps of energetic neutral atoms from the heliosphere and enabled the science community to measure in-situ interstellar neutral hydrogen, oxygen, and neon for the first time. These observations have revolutionized and keep challenging our understanding of the heliosphere shaped by the combined forces of the local interstellar flow, the local interstellar magnetic field, and the time-dependent solar wind.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Galli
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Igor I. Baliukin
- Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maciej Bzowski
- Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Vladislav V. Izmodenov
- Space Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Center for Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Paweł Swaczyna
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
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Livadiotis G. Statistical analysis of the impact of environmental temperature on the exponential growth rate of cases infected by COVID-19. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233875. [PMID: 32469989 PMCID: PMC7259789 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We perform a statistical analysis for understanding the effect of the environmental temperature on the exponential growth rate of the cases infected by COVID-19 for US and Italian regions. In particular, we analyze the datasets of regional infected cases, derive the growth rates for regions characterized by a readable exponential growth phase in their evolution spread curve and plot them against the environmental temperatures averaged within the same regions, derive the relationship between temperature and growth rate, and evaluate its statistical confidence. The results clearly support the first reported statistically significant relationship of negative correlation between the average environmental temperature and exponential growth rates of the infected cases. The critical temperature, which eliminates the exponential growth, and thus the COVID-19 spread in US regions, is estimated to be TC = 86.1 ± 4.3 F0.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Livadiotis
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
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Dayeh MA, Livadiotis G, Aminian F, Cheng KH, Roberts JL, Viswasam N, Elaydi S. Effects of Cholesterol in Stress-Related Neuronal Death-A Statistical Analysis Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082905. [PMID: 32326309 PMCID: PMC7215582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between plasma cholesterol levels and the development of dementia continues to be an important topic of discussion in the scientific community, while the results in the literature vary significantly. We study the effect of reducing oxidized neuronal cholesterol on the lipid raft structure of plasma membrane. The levels of plasma membrane cholesterol were reduced by treating the intact cells with methyl-ß-cyclodextrin (MßCD). The relationship between the cell viability with varying levels of MßCD was then examined. The viability curves are well described by a modified form of the empirical Gompertz law of mortality. A detailed statistical analysis is performed on the fitting results, showing that increasing MßCD concentration has a minor, rather than significant, effect on the cellular viability. In particular, the dependence of viability on MßCD concentration was found to be characterized by a ~25% increase per 1 μM of MßCD concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maher A. Dayeh
- Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA;
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - George Livadiotis
- Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA;
| | - Farzan Aminian
- Neuroscience Program, Departments of Biology, Mathematics, Engineering and Physics & Astronomy, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA; (F.A.); (K.H.C.); (J.L.R.); (N.V.); (S.E.)
| | - Kwan H. Cheng
- Neuroscience Program, Departments of Biology, Mathematics, Engineering and Physics & Astronomy, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA; (F.A.); (K.H.C.); (J.L.R.); (N.V.); (S.E.)
| | - James L. Roberts
- Neuroscience Program, Departments of Biology, Mathematics, Engineering and Physics & Astronomy, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA; (F.A.); (K.H.C.); (J.L.R.); (N.V.); (S.E.)
| | - Nikita Viswasam
- Neuroscience Program, Departments of Biology, Mathematics, Engineering and Physics & Astronomy, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA; (F.A.); (K.H.C.); (J.L.R.); (N.V.); (S.E.)
| | - Saber Elaydi
- Neuroscience Program, Departments of Biology, Mathematics, Engineering and Physics & Astronomy, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX 78212, USA; (F.A.); (K.H.C.); (J.L.R.); (N.V.); (S.E.)
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Abstract
The widely used fitting method of least squares is neither unique nor does it provide the most accurate results. Other fitting methods exist which differ on the metric norm can be used for expressing the total deviations between the given data and the fitted statistical model. The least square method is based on the Euclidean norm L2, while the alternative least absolute deviations method is based on the Taxicab norm, L1. In general, there is an infinite number of fitting methods based on metric spaces induced by Lq norms. The most accurate, and thus optimal method, is the one with the (i) highest sensitivity, given by the curvature at the minimum of total deviations, (ii) the smallest errors of the fitting parameters, (iii) best goodness of fitting. The first two cases concern fitting methods where the given curve functions or datasets do not have any errors, while the third case deals with fitting methods where the given data are assigned with errors.
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Geometric Interpretation of Errors in Multi-Parametrical Fitting Methods Based on Non-Euclidean Norms. STATS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/stats2040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper completes the multi-parametrical fitting methods, which are based on metrics induced by the non-Euclidean Lq-norms, by deriving the errors of the optimal parameter values. This was achieved using the geometric representation of the residuals sum expanded near its minimum, and the geometric interpretation of the errors. Typical fitting methods are mostly developed based on Euclidean norms, leading to the traditional least–square method. On the other hand, the theory of general fitting methods based on non-Euclidean norms is still under development; the normal equations provide implicitly the optimal values of the fitting parameters, while this paper completes the puzzle by improving understanding the derivations and geometric meaning of the optimal errors.
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Abstract
This paper improves our understanding of the interplay of the proton plasma turbulent heating sources of the expanding solar wind in the heliosphere. Evidence is shown of the connections between the polytropic index, the rate of the heat absorbed by the solar wind, and the rate of change of the turbulent energy, which heats the solar wind in the inner and outer heliosphere. In particular, we: (i) show the theoretical connection of the rate of a heat source, such as the turbulent energy, with the polytropic index and the thermodynamic process; (ii) calculate the effect of the pick-up protons in the total proton temperature and the relationship connecting the rate of heating with the polytropic index; (iii) derive the radial profiles of the solar wind heating in the outer and inner heliosphere; and (iv) use the radial profile of the turbulent energy in the solar wind proton plasma in the heliosphere, in order to show its connection with the radial profiles of the polytropic index and the heating of the solar wind.
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Livadiotis G. Long-Term Independence of Solar Wind Polytropic Index on Plasma Flow Speed. ENTROPY 2018; 20:e20100799. [PMID: 33265886 PMCID: PMC7512360 DOI: 10.3390/e20100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The paper derives the polytropic indices over the last two solar cycles (years 1995–2017) for the solar wind proton plasma near Earth (~1 AU). We use ~92-s datasets of proton plasma moments (speed, density, and temperature), measured from the Solar Wind Experiment instrument onboard Wind spacecraft, to estimate the moving averages of the polytropic index, as well as their weighted means and standard errors as a function of the solar wind speed and the year of measurements. The derived long-term behavior of the polytropic index agrees with the results of other previous methods. In particular, we find that the polytropic index remains quasi-constant with respect to the plasma flow speed, in agreement with earlier analyses of solar wind plasma. It is shown that most of the fluctuations of the polytropic index appear in the fast solar wind. The polytropic index remains quasi-constant, despite the frequent entropic variations. Therefore, on an annual basis, the polytropic index of the solar wind proton plasma near ~1 AU can be considered independent of the plasma flow speed. The estimated all-year weighted mean and its standard error is γ = 1.86 ± 0.09.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Livadiotis
- Division of Space Science and Engineering, Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
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Bzowski M, Swaczyna P, Kubiak MA, Sokół JM, Fuselier SA, Galli A, Heirtzler D, Kucharek H, Leonard TW, McComas DJ, Möbius E, Schwadron NA, Wurz P. INTERSTELLAR NEUTRAL HELIUM IN THE HELIOSPHERE FROM
IBEX
OBSERVATIONS. III. MACH NUMBER OF THE FLOW, VELOCITY VECTOR, AND TEMPERATURE FROM THE FIRST SIX YEARS OF MEASUREMENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/220/2/28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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McComas DJ, Bzowski M, Fuselier SA, Frisch PC, Galli A, Izmodenov VV, Katushkina OA, Kubiak MA, Lee MA, Leonard TW, Möbius E, Park J, Schwadron NA, Sokół JM, Swaczyna P, Wood BE, Wurz P. LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: SIX YEARS OF DIRECT SAMPLING BY
IBEX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/220/2/22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Schwadron NA, Möbius E, Leonard T, Fuselier SA, McComas DJ, Heirtzler D, Kucharek H, Rahmanifard F, Bzowski M, Kubiak MA, Sokół JM, Swaczyna P, Frisch P. DETERMINATION OF INTERSTELLAR He PARAMETERS USING FIVE YEARS OF DATA FROM THE
IBEX
: BEYOND CLOSED FORM APPROXIMATIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0067-0049/220/2/25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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12
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Westphal AJ, Stroud RM, Bechtel HA, Brenker FE, Butterworth AL, Flynn GJ, Frank DR, Gainsforth Z, Hillier JK, Postberg F, Simionovici AS, Sterken VJ, Nittler LR, Allen C, Anderson D, Ansari A, Bajt S, Bastien RK, Bassim N, Bridges J, Brownlee DE, Burchell M, Burghammer M, Changela H, Cloetens P, Davis AM, Doll R, Floss C, Grün E, Heck PR, Hoppe P, Hudson B, Huth J, Kearsley A, King AJ, Lai B, Leitner J, Lemelle L, Leonard A, Leroux H, Lettieri R, Marchant W, Ogliore R, Ong WJ, Price MC, Sandford SA, Tresseras JAS, Schmitz S, Schoonjans T, Schreiber K, Silversmit G, Solé VA, Srama R, Stadermann F, Stephan T, Stodolna J, Sutton S, Trieloff M, Tsou P, Tyliszczak T, Vekemans B, Vincze L, Von Korff J, Wordsworth N, Zevin D, Zolensky ME. Evidence for interstellar origin of seven dust particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft. Science 2014; 345:786-91. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1252496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Westphal
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rhonda M. Stroud
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hans A. Bechtel
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Frank E. Brenker
- Geoscience Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anna L. Butterworth
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - George J. Flynn
- State University of New York at Plattsburgh, Plattsburgh, NY, USA
| | - David R. Frank
- Jacobs Technology/ESCG, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zack Gainsforth
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jon K. Hillier
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Postberg
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandre S. Simionovici
- Institut des Sciences de la Terre, Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Veerle J. Sterken
- Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme (IRS), University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- IGEP, TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
- International Space Sciences Institute, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlton Allen
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA JSC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Anderson
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Asna Ansari
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Saša Bajt
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ron K. Bastien
- Jacobs Technology/ESCG, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nabil Bassim
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Bridges
- Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Cloetens
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | | | - Ryan Doll
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Eberhard Grün
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Hoppe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bruce Hudson
- 615 William Street, Apt 405, Midland, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Barry Lai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Jan Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Robert Lettieri
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - William Marchant
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Ogliore
- University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sylvia Schmitz
- Geoscience Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Vicente A. Solé
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France
| | - Ralf Srama
- IRS, University Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | | | - Julien Stodolna
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Sutton
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Mario Trieloff
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Tsou
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Tolek Tyliszczak
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Von Korff
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Wordsworth
- Wexbury, Farthing Green Lane, Stoke Poges, South Buckinghamshire, UK
| | - Daniel Zevin
- Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Livadiotis G. Chi-p distribution: characterization of the goodness of the fitting using Lp norms. JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS AND APPLICATIONS 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/2195-5832-1-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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