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Horvath M, Dhar S, Das A, Frye MD, Guo Y, Hutson JM, Landini M, Nägerl HC. Bose-Einstein condensation of non-ground-state caesium atoms. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3739. [PMID: 38702339 PMCID: PMC11068738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Bose-Einstein condensates of ultracold atoms serve as low-entropy sources for a multitude of quantum-science applications, ranging from quantum simulation and quantum many-body physics to proof-of-principle experiments in quantum metrology and quantum computing. For stability reasons, in the majority of cases the energetically lowest-lying atomic spin state is used. Here, we report the Bose-Einstein condensation of caesium atoms in the Zeeman-excited mf = 2 state, realizing a non-ground-state Bose-Einstein condensate with tunable interactions and tunable loss. We identify two regions of magnetic field in which the two-body relaxation rate is low enough that condensation is possible. We characterize the phase transition and quantify the loss processes, finding unusually high three-body losses in one of the two regions. Our results open up new possibilities for the mixing of quantum-degenerate gases, for polaron and impurity physics, and in particular for the study of impurity transport in strongly correlated one-dimensional quantum wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Horvath
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sudipta Dhar
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arpita Das
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1~3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Frye
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Yanliang Guo
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Jeremy M Hutson
- Joint Quantum Centre (JQC) Durham-Newcastle, Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Manuele Landini
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hanns-Christoph Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck, Austria.
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2
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Guo Y, Yao H, Dhar S, Pizzino L, Horvath M, Giamarchi T, Landini M, Nägerl HC. Anomalous cooling of bosons by dimensional reduction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6870. [PMID: 38354241 PMCID: PMC10866542 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cold atomic gases provide a remarkable testbed to study the physics of interacting many-body quantum systems. Temperatures are necessarily nonzero, but cooling to the ultralow temperatures needed for quantum simulation purposes or even simply measuring the temperatures directly on the system can prove to be very challenging tasks. Here, we implement thermometry on strongly interacting two- and one-dimensional Bose gases with high sensitivity in the nanokelvin temperature range. Our method is aided by the fact that the decay of the first-order correlation function is very sensitive to the temperature when interactions are strong. We find that there may be a substantial temperature variation when the three-dimensional quantum gas is cut into two-dimensional slices or into one-dimensional tubes. Notably, the temperature for the one-dimensional case can be much lower than the initial temperature. Our findings show that this decrease results from the interplay of dimensional reduction and strong interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanliang Guo
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Hepeng Yao
- DQMP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Sudipta Dhar
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Lorenzo Pizzino
- DQMP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Milena Horvath
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Thierry Giamarchi
- DQMP, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Manuele Landini
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Hanns-Christoph Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
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3
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Ren C, Li Y, Wu J, Zhao H, Wang Y, Liu W, Li P, Fu Y, Xiao L, Ma J, Jia S. Nonreciprocal dynamics of noninteracting ultracold atoms in a momentum lattice. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:34470-34476. [PMID: 37859202 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Realization of nonreciprocal transport is of great importance in the development of devices and systems that require the directional manipulation of signals or particles in information processing and modern physics. For ultracold atomic systems, the approaches based on synthetic dimensions have led to rapid advances in engineering quantum transport. Here, we use laser-coupled discrete momentum states of noninteracting ultracold atoms to synthesize a momentum lattice, and construct a closed ring with controllable tunneling phase in the momentum lattice. We measure the density evolution of atoms in the synthetic lattice with the single-site resolution, and observe the nonreciprocal dynamics by controlling the tunneling phase. We show the effect of both the applied phase and the coupling strength between two distinct population regions on the population distribution of atoms in the momentum lattice, and provide the optimal parameters for achieving the nonreciprocal transport.
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4
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Kohlert T, Scherg S, Sala P, Pollmann F, Hebbe Madhusudhana B, Bloch I, Aidelsburger M. Exploring the Regime of Fragmentation in Strongly Tilted Fermi-Hubbard Chains. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:010201. [PMID: 36669215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Intriguingly, quantum many-body systems may defy thermalization even without disorder. One example is so-called fragmented models, where the many-body Hilbert space fragments into dynamically disconnected subspaces that are not determined by the global symmetries of the model. In this Letter we demonstrate that the tilted one-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard model naturally realizes distinct effective Hamiltonians that are expected to support nonergodic behavior due to fragmentation, even at resonances between the tilt energy and the Hubbard on site interaction. We find that the effective description captures the observed dynamics in experimentally accessible parameter ranges of moderate tilt values. Specifically, we observe a pronounced dependence of the relaxation dynamics on the initial doublon fraction, which directly reveals the microscopic processes of the fragmented model. Our results pave the way for future studies of nonergodic behavior in higher dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kohlert
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scherg
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Pablo Sala
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Frank Pollmann
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bharath Hebbe Madhusudhana
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Aidelsburger
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80799 Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
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5
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Kessing RK, Yang PY, Manmana SR, Cao J. Long-Range Nonequilibrium Coherent Tunneling Induced by Fractional Vibronic Resonances. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6831-6838. [PMID: 35857895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We study the influence of a linear energy bias on a nonequilibrium excitation on a chain of molecules coupled to local vibrations (a tilted Holstein model) using both a random-walk rate kernel theory and a nonperturbative, massively parallelized adaptive-basis algorithm. We uncover structured and discrete vibronic resonance behavior fundamentally different from both linear response theory and homogeneous polaron dynamics. Remarkably, resonance between the phonon energy ℏω and the bias δϵ occurs not only at integer but also fractional ratios δϵ/(ℏω) = m/n, which effect long-range n-bond m-phonon tunneling. These observations are reproduced in a model calculation of a recently demonstrated Cy3 system, and the effect of dipole-dipole-type non-nearest-neighbor coupling and vibrationally relaxed initial states is also considered. Potential applications range from molecular electronics to optical lattices and artificial light harvesting via vibronic engineering of coherent quantum transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kevin Kessing
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Ulm, Ulm, 89069, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Pei-Yun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Salvatore R Manmana
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, 35032, Germany
| | - Jianshu Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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6
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Wang Y, Li Y, Wu J, Liu W, Hu J, Ma J, Xiao L, Jia S. Hybrid evaporative cooling of 133Cs atoms to Bose-Einstein condensation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:13960-13967. [PMID: 33985122 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of 133Cs atoms offers an appealing platform for studying the many-body physics of interacting Bose quantum gases, owing to the rich Feshbach resonances that can be readily achieved in the low magnetic field region. However, it is notoriously difficult to cool 133Cs atoms to their quantum degeneracy. Here we report a hybrid evaporative cooling of 133Cs atoms to BEC. Our approach relies on a combination of the magnetically tunable evaporation with the optical evaporation of atoms in a magnetically levitated optical dipole trap overlapping with a dimple trap. The magnetic field gradient is reduced for the magnetically tunable evaporation. The subsequent optical evaporation is performed by lowering the depth of the dimple trap. We study the dependence of the peak phase space density (PSD) and temperature on the number of atoms during the evaporation process, as well as how the PSD and atom number vary with the trap depth. The results are in excellent agreement with the equation model for evaporative cooling.
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7
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Arnal M, Chatelain G, Martinez M, Dupont N, Giraud O, Ullmo D, Georgeot B, Lemarié G, Billy J, Guéry-Odelin D. Chaos-assisted tunneling resonances in a synthetic Floquet superlattice. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/38/eabc4886. [PMID: 32948592 PMCID: PMC7500923 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc4886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The field of quantum simulation, which aims at using a tunable quantum system to simulate another, has been developing fast in the past years as an alternative to the all-purpose quantum computer. So far, most efforts in this domain have been directed to either fully regular or fully chaotic systems. Here, we focus on the intermediate regime, where regular orbits are surrounded by a large sea of chaotic trajectories. We observe a quantum chaos transport mechanism, called chaos-assisted tunneling, that translates in sharp resonances of the tunneling rate and provides previously unexplored possibilities for quantum simulation. More specifically, using Bose-Einstein condensates in a driven optical lattice, we experimentally demonstrate and characterize these resonances. Our work paves the way for quantum simulations with long-range transport and quantum control through complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arnal
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - G Chatelain
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - M Martinez
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - N Dupont
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - O Giraud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LPTMS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - D Ullmo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LPTMS, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - B Georgeot
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - G Lemarié
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - J Billy
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - D Guéry-Odelin
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
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8
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Dimitrova I, Jepsen N, Buyskikh A, Venegas-Gomez A, Amato-Grill J, Daley A, Ketterle W. Enhanced Superexchange in a Tilted Mott Insulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:043204. [PMID: 32058779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.043204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In an optical lattice, entropy and mass transport by first-order tunneling are much faster than spin transport via superexchange. Here we show that adding a constant force (tilt) suppresses first-order tunneling, but not spin transport, realizing new features for spin Hamiltonians. Suppression of the superfluid transition can stabilize larger systems with faster spin dynamics. For the first time in a many-body spin system, we vary superexchange rates by over a factor of 100 and tune spin-spin interactions via the tilt. In a tilted lattice, defects are immobile and pure spin dynamics can be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Dimitrova
- Department of Physics, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Niklas Jepsen
- Department of Physics, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Anton Buyskikh
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Araceli Venegas-Gomez
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Jesse Amato-Grill
- Department of Physics, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Andrew Daley
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Ketterle
- Department of Physics, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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9
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Mamaev M, Kimchi I, Perlin MA, Nandkishore RM, Rey AM. Quantum Entropic Self-Localization with Ultracold Fermions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:130402. [PMID: 31697521 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.130402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study a driven, spin-orbit coupled fermionic system in a lattice at the resonant regime where the drive frequency equals the Hubbard repulsion, for which nontrivial constrained dynamics emerge at fast timescales. An effective density-dependent tunneling model is derived, and it is examined in the sparse filling regime in one dimension. The system exhibits entropic self-localization, where while even numbers of atoms propagate ballistically, odd numbers form localized bound states induced by an effective attraction from a higher configurational entropy. These phenomena occur in the strong coupling limit where interactions impose only a constraint with no explicit Hamiltonian term. We show how the constrained dynamics lead to quantum few-body scars and map to an Anderson impurity model with an additional intriguing feature of nonreciprocal scattering. Connections to many-body scars and localization are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Mamaev
- JILA and NIST, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Itamar Kimchi
- JILA and NIST, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Michael A Perlin
- JILA and NIST, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Rahul M Nandkishore
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Ana Maria Rey
- JILA and NIST, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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10
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Pérez-González B, Bello M, Platero G, Gómez-León Á. Simulation of 1D Topological Phases in Driven Quantum Dot Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:126401. [PMID: 31633970 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.126401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose a driving protocol which allows us to use quantum dot arrays as quantum simulators for 1D topological phases. We show that by driving the system out of equilibrium, one can imprint bond order in the lattice (producing structures such as dimers, trimers, etc.) and selectively modify the hopping amplitudes at will. Our driving protocol also allows for the simultaneous suppression of all the undesired hopping processes and the enhancement of the necessary ones, enforcing certain key symmetries which provide topological protection. In addition, we have discussed its implementation in a 12-QD array with two interacting electrons and found correlation effects in their dynamics, when configurations with different number of edge states are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Bello
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Platero
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Gómez-León
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Buyskikh AS, Tagliacozzo L, Schuricht D, Hooley CA, Pekker D, Daley AJ. Spin Models, Dynamics, and Criticality with Atoms in Tilted Optical Superlattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:090401. [PMID: 31524491 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.090401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We show that atoms in tilted optical superlattices provide a platform for exploring coupled spin chains of forms that are not present in other systems. In particular, using a period-2 superlattice in one dimension, we show that coupled Ising spin chains with XZ and ZZ spin coupling terms can be engineered. We use optimized tensor network techniques to explore the criticality and nonequilibrium dynamics in these models, finding a tricritical Ising point in regimes that are accessible in current experiments. These setups are ideal for studying low-entropy physics, as initial entropy is "frozen-out" in realizing the spin models, and provide an example of the complex critical behavior that can arise from interaction-projected models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S Buyskikh
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Tagliacozzo
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
- Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dirk Schuricht
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CE Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Chris A Hooley
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - David Pekker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
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12
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Giordani T, Polino E, Emiliani S, Suprano A, Innocenti L, Majury H, Marrucci L, Paternostro M, Ferraro A, Spagnolo N, Sciarrino F. Experimental Engineering of Arbitrary Qudit States with Discrete-Time Quantum Walks. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:020503. [PMID: 30720314 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.020503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The capability to generate and manipulate quantum states in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces is a crucial step for the development of quantum technologies, from quantum communication to quantum computation. One-dimensional quantum walk dynamics represents a valid tool in the task of engineering arbitrary quantum states. Here we affirm such potential in a linear-optics platform that realizes discrete-time quantum walks in the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom of photons. Different classes of relevant qudit states in a six-dimensional space are prepared and measured, confirming the feasibility of the protocol. Our results represent a further investigation of quantum walk dynamics in photonics platforms, paving the way for the use of such a quantum state-engineering toolbox for a large range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taira Giordani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Emanuele Polino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Sabrina Emiliani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessia Suprano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Innocenti
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Majury
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Marrucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Università Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Paternostro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Ferraro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolò Spagnolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto dei sistemi Complessi (CNR-ISC), Via dei Taurini 19, 00185 Roma, Italy
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13
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Mistakidis S, Koutentakis G, Schmelcher P. Bosonic quantum dynamics following a linear interaction quench in finite optical lattices of unit filling. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Quantum simulation, a subdiscipline of quantum computation, can provide valuable insight into difficult quantum problems in physics or chemistry. Ultracold atoms in optical lattices represent an ideal platform for simulations of quantum many-body problems. Within this setting, quantum gas microscopes enable single atom observation and manipulation in large samples. Ultracold atom-based quantum simulators have already been used to probe quantum magnetism, to realize and detect topological quantum matter, and to study quantum systems with controlled long-range interactions. Experiments on many-body systems out of equilibrium have also provided results in regimes unavailable to the most advanced supercomputers. We review recent experimental progress in this field and comment on future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany. .,Germany Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 Munich, Germany
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15
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Many-body Tunneling and Nonequilibrium Dynamics of Doublons in Strongly Correlated Quantum Dots. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2486. [PMID: 28559583 PMCID: PMC5449409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum tunneling dominates coherent transport at low temperatures in many systems of great interest. In this work we report a many–body tunneling (MBT), by nonperturbatively solving the Anderson multi-impurity model, and identify it a fundamental tunneling process on top of the well–acknowledged sequential tunneling and cotunneling. We show that the MBT involves the dynamics of doublons in strongly correlated systems. Proportional to the numbers of dynamical doublons, the MBT can dominate the off–resonant transport in the strongly correlated regime. A T3/2–dependence of the MBT current on temperature is uncovered and can be identified as a fingerprint of the MBT in experiments. We also prove that the MBT can support the coherent long–range tunneling of doublons, which is well consistent with recent experiments on ultracold atoms. As a fundamental physical process, the MBT is expected to play important roles in general quantum systems.
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16
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Baart TA, Fujita T, Reichl C, Wegscheider W, Vandersypen LMK. Coherent spin-exchange via a quantum mediator. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:26-30. [PMID: 27723732 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2016.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Coherent interactions at a distance provide a powerful tool for quantum simulation and computation. The most common approach to realize an effective long-distance coupling 'on-chip' is to use a quantum mediator, as has been demonstrated for superconducting qubits and trapped ions. For quantum dot arrays, which combine a high degree of tunability with extremely long coherence times, the experimental demonstration of the time evolution of coherent spin-spin coupling via an intermediary system remains an important outstanding goal. Here, we use a linear triple-quantum-dot array to demonstrate a coherent time evolution of two interacting distant spins via a quantum mediator. The two outer dots are occupied with a single electron spin each, and the spins experience a superexchange interaction through the empty middle dot, which acts as mediator. Using single-shot spin readout, we measure the coherent time evolution of the spin states on the outer dots and observe a characteristic dependence of the exchange frequency as a function of the detuning between the middle and outer dots. This approach may provide a new route for scaling up spin qubit circuits using quantum dots, and aid in the simulation of materials and molecules with non-nearest-neighbour couplings such as MnO (ref. 27), high-temperature superconductors and DNA. The same superexchange concept can also be applied in cold atom experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takafumi Fujita
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, TU Delft, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Reichl
- Solid State Physics Laboratory, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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17
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Sieberer LM, Buchhold M, Diehl S. Keldysh field theory for driven open quantum systems. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2016; 79:096001. [PMID: 27482736 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/79/9/096001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent experimental developments in diverse areas-ranging from cold atomic gases to light-driven semiconductors to microcavity arrays-move systems into the focus which are located on the interface of quantum optics, many-body physics and statistical mechanics. They share in common that coherent and driven-dissipative quantum dynamics occur on an equal footing, creating genuine non-equilibrium scenarios without immediate counterpart in equilibrium condensed matter physics. This concerns both their non-thermal stationary states and their many-body time evolution. It is a challenge to theory to identify novel instances of universal emergent macroscopic phenomena, which are tied unambiguously and in an observable way to the microscopic drive conditions. In this review, we discuss some recent results in this direction. Moreover, we provide a systematic introduction to the open system Keldysh functional integral approach, which is the proper technical tool to accomplish a merger of quantum optics and many-body physics, and leverages the power of modern quantum field theory to driven open quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Sieberer
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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18
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Fortun A, Cabrera-Gutiérrez C, Condon G, Michon E, Billy J, Guéry-Odelin D. Direct Tunneling Delay Time Measurement in an Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:010401. [PMID: 27419545 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on the measurement of the time required for a wave packet to tunnel through the potential barriers of an optical lattice. The experiment is carried out by loading adiabatically a Bose-Einstein condensate into a 1D optical lattice. A sudden displacement of the lattice by a few tens of nanometers excites the micromotion of the dipole mode. We then directly observe in momentum space the splitting of the wave packet at the turning points and measure the delay between the reflected and the tunneled packets for various initial displacements. Using this atomic beam splitter twice, we realize a chain of coherent micron-size Mach-Zehnder interferometers at the exit of which we get essentially a wave packet with a negative momentum, a result opposite to the prediction of classical physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fortun
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - C Cabrera-Gutiérrez
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - G Condon
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - E Michon
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - J Billy
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - D Guéry-Odelin
- Laboratoire Collisions, Agrégats, Réactivité, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
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19
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Meinert F, Mark MJ, Lauber K, Daley AJ, Nägerl HC. Floquet Engineering of Correlated Tunneling in the Bose-Hubbard Model with Ultracold Atoms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:205301. [PMID: 27258874 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.205301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental implementation of tunable occupation-dependent tunneling in a Bose-Hubbard system of ultracold atoms via time-periodic modulation of the on-site interaction energy. The tunneling rate is inferred from a time-resolved measurement of the lattice site occupation after a quantum quench. We demonstrate coherent control of the tunneling dynamics in the correlated many-body system, including full suppression of tunneling as predicted within the framework of Floquet theory. We find that the tunneling rate explicitly depends on the atom number difference in neighboring lattice sites. Our results may open up ways to realize artificial gauge fields that feature density dependence with ultracold atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Meinert
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M J Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - K Lauber
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A J Daley
- Department of Physics and SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - H-C Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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20
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Brown RC, Wyllie R, Koller SB, Goldschmidt EA, Foss-Feig M, Porto JV. Two-dimensional superexchange-mediated magnetization dynamics in an optical lattice. Science 2015; 348:540-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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21
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Preiss PM, Ma R, Tai ME, Lukin A, Rispoli M, Zupancic P, Lahini Y, Islam R, Greiner M. Strongly correlated quantum walks in optical lattices. Science 2015; 347:1229-33. [PMID: 25766229 DOI: 10.1126/science.1260364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Full control over the dynamics of interacting, indistinguishable quantum particles is an important prerequisite for the experimental study of strongly correlated quantum matter and the implementation of high-fidelity quantum information processing. We demonstrate such control over the quantum walk-the quantum mechanical analog of the classical random walk-in the regime where dynamics are dominated by interparticle interactions. Using interacting bosonic atoms in an optical lattice, we directly observed fundamental effects such as the emergence of correlations in two-particle quantum walks, as well as strongly correlated Bloch oscillations in tilted optical lattices. Our approach can be scaled to larger systems, greatly extending the class of problems accessible via quantum walks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp M Preiss
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ruichao Ma
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M Eric Tai
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Matthew Rispoli
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Philip Zupancic
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yoav Lahini
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rajibul Islam
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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22
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Xue P, Zhan X, Bian Z. Simulation of the ground states of spin rings with cavity-assisted neutral atoms. Sci Rep 2015; 5:7623. [PMID: 25557504 PMCID: PMC5154601 DOI: 10.1038/srep07623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum phase transitions occur when the ground state of a Hamiltonian undergoes qualitative changes with a control parameter changing. In this paper we consider a particular system--an Isng-type spin ring with competing many-body interactions. Depending on the relative strength interactions, the ground state of the system is either a product state or entangled state. We implement the system in a cavity-assisted neutral atomic simulator and study the non-locality and entanglement of the simulated ground state of an Ising-type three-spin ring with the control parameter changing. The simplicity of the setup and its robustness to noise give it a great practicality within the framework of current experimental technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiang Zhan
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
| | - Zhihao Bian
- Department of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211189, China
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23
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Jürgensen O, Meinert F, Mark MJ, Nägerl HC, Lühmann DS. Observation of density-induced tunneling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:193003. [PMID: 25415904 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.193003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the dynamics of bosonic atoms in a tilted one-dimensional optical lattice and report on the first direct observation of density-induced tunneling. We show that the interaction affects the time evolution of the doublon oscillation via density-induced tunneling and pinpoint its density and interaction dependence. The experimental data for different lattice depths are in good agreement with our theoretical model. Furthermore, resonances caused by second-order tunneling processes are studied, where the density-induced tunneling breaks the symmetric behavior for attractive and repulsive interactions predicted by the Hubbard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole Jürgensen
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Meinert
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred J Mark
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hanns-Christoph Nägerl
- Institut für Experimentalphysik und Zentrum für Quantenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dirk-Sören Lühmann
- Institut für Laser-Physik, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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