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Ernst S, Scheidegger PJ, Diesch S, Lorenzelli L, Degen CL. Temperature Dependence of Photoluminescence Intensity and Spin Contrast in Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:086903. [PMID: 37683157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.086903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of the photoluminescence properties of single nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond at temperatures between 4 K and 300 K. We observe a strong reduction of the PL intensity and spin contrast between ca. 10 K and 100 K that recovers to high levels below and above. Further, we find a rich dependence on magnetic bias field and crystal strain. We develop a comprehensive model based on spin mixing and orbital hopping in the electronic excited state that quantitatively explains the observations. Beyond a more complete understanding of the excited-state dynamics, our work provides a novel approach for probing electron-phonon interactions and a predictive tool for optimizing experimental conditions for quantum applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ernst
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - P J Scheidegger
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Diesch
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - L Lorenzelli
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C L Degen
- Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Otto Stern Weg 1, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Conway MA, Earl SK, Muir JB, Vu THY, Tollerud JO, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Fuhrer MS, Edmonds MT, Davis JA. Effects of Floquet Engineering on the Coherent Exciton Dynamics in Monolayer WS 2. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37494826 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Coherent optical manipulation of electronic bandstructures via Floquet Engineering is a promising means to control quantum systems on an ultrafast time scale. However, the ultrafast switching on/off of the driving field comes with questions regarding the limits of the Floquet formalism (which is defined for an infinite periodic drive) through the switching process and to what extent the transient changes can be driven adiabatically. Experimentally addressing these questions has been difficult, in large part due to the absence of an established technique to measure coherent dynamics through the duration of the pulse. Here, using multidimensional coherent spectroscopy we explicitly excite, control, and probe a coherent superposition of excitons in the K and K' valleys in monolayer WS2. With a circularly polarized, red-detuned pump pulse, the degeneracy of the K and K' excitons can be lifted, and the phase of the coherence rotated. We directly measure phase rotations greater than π during the 100 fs driving pulse and show that this can be described by a combination of the AC-Stark shift of excitons in one valley and the Bloch-Siegert shift of excitons in the opposite valley. Despite showing a smooth evolution of the phase that directly follows the intensity envelope of the nonresonant pump pulse, the process is not perfectly adiabatic. By measuring the magnitude of the macroscopic coherence as it evolves before, during, and after the nonresonant pump pulse we show that there is additional decoherence caused by power broadening in the presence of the nonresonant pump. This nonadiabaticity arises as a result of interactions with the otherwise adiabatic Floquet states and may be a problem for many applications, such as manipulating qubits in quantum information processing; however, these measurements also suggest ways such effects can be minimized or eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell A Conway
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart K Earl
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jack B Muir
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thi-Hai-Yen Vu
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan O Tollerud
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Michael S Fuhrer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark T Edmonds
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
- ANFF-VIC Technology Fellow, Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Davis
- Optical Sciences Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, 3122, Victoria, Australia
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3
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Liu B, Xiao H, Weinelt M. Microscopic insights to spin transport-driven ultrafast magnetization dynamics in a Gd/Fe bilayer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade0286. [PMID: 37196076 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Laser-induced spin transport is a key ingredient in ultrafast spin dynamics. However, it remains debated to what extent ultrafast magnetization dynamics generates spin currents and vice versa. We use time- and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to study an antiferromagnetically coupled Gd/Fe bilayer, a prototype system for all-optical switching. Spin transport leads to an ultrafast drop of the spin polarization at the Gd surface, demonstrating angular-momentum transfer over several nanometers. Thereby, Fe acts as spin filter, absorbing spin majority but reflecting spin minority electrons. Spin transport from Gd to Fe was corroborated by an ultrafast increase of the Fe spin polarization in a reversed Fe/Gd bilayer. In contrast, for a pure Gd film, spin transport into the tungsten substrate can be neglected, as spin polarization stays constant. Our results suggest that ultrafast spin transport drives the magnetization dynamics in Gd/Fe and reveal microscopic insights into ultrafast spin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Huijuan Xiao
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Weinelt
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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4
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Spin-defect qubits in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides operating at telecom wavelengths. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7501. [PMID: 36473851 PMCID: PMC9723673 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid state quantum defects are promising candidates for scalable quantum information systems which can be seamlessly integrated with the conventional semiconductor electronic devices within the 3D monolithically integrated hybrid classical-quantum devices. Diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center defects are the representative examples, but the controlled positioning of an NV center within bulk diamond is an outstanding challenge. Furthermore, quantum defect properties may not be easily tuned for bulk crystalline quantum defects. In comparison, 2D semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), are promising solid platform to host a quantum defect with tunable properties and a possibility of position control. Here, we computationally discover a promising defect family for spin qubit realization in 2D TMDs. The defects consist of transition metal atoms substituted at chalcogen sites with desirable spin-triplet ground state, zero-field splitting in the tens of GHz, and strong zero-phonon coupling to optical transitions in the highly desirable telecom band.
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5
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Yan X, Jin Q, Jiang Y, Yao T, Li X, Tao A, Gao C, Chen C, Ma X, Ye H. Direct Determination of Band Gap of Defects in a Wide Band Gap Semiconductor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36875-36881. [PMID: 35926161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c10143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Crystal defects play an important role in the degradation and failure of semiconductor materials and devices. Direct determination of band gap of defects is a critical step for clarifying how the defects affect the physical properties of semiconductors. Here, high-quality aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were grown epitaxially on single-crystal Al2O3 substrates via pulsed laser deposition. The atomic structure and band gap of three types of inversion domain boundaries (IDBs) in AlN were determined using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy and atomic-resolution valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy. It was found that the band gap of all of the IDBs reduces evidently compared to that of the bulk AlN. The maximum band gap reduction of the IDBs is 1.0 eV. First-principles calculations revealed that the band gap reduction of the IDBs is mainly due to the rise of pz orbital at the valence band maximum, which originates from the elongated Al-N bonds along the [0001] direction at the IDBs. The successful band gap determination of defects paves an avenue for quantitatively evaluating the effect of defects on the performance of semiconductor materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexi Yan
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Jihua Lab, Foshan 528251, China
| | - Qianqian Jin
- School of Microelectronics and Materials Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Yixiao Jiang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Jihua Lab, Foshan 528251, China
| | - Tingting Yao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Jihua Lab, Foshan 528251, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Jihua Lab, Foshan 528251, China
| | - Ang Tao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Jihua Lab, Foshan 528251, China
| | - Chunyang Gao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Jihua Lab, Foshan 528251, China
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Jihua Lab, Foshan 528251, China
| | - Xiuliang Ma
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- State Key Lab of Advanced Processing and Recycling on Non-Ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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6
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Frazer TD, Zhu Y, Cai Z, Walko DA, Adamo C, Schlom DG, Fullerton EE, Evans PG, Hruszkewycz SO, Cao Y, Wen H. Optical transient grating pumped X-ray diffraction microscopy for studying mesoscale structural dynamics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19322. [PMID: 34588533 PMCID: PMC8481406 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of materials’ structural dynamics, with fine spatial and temporal control, underpins future developments in electronic and quantum materials. Here, we introduce an optical transient grating pump and focused X-ray diffraction probe technique (TGXD) to examine the structural evolution of materials excited by modulated light with a precisely controlled spatial profile. This method adds spatial resolution and direct structural sensitivity to the established utility of a sinusoidal transient-grating excitation. We demonstrate TGXD using two thin-film samples: epitaxial BiFeO3, which exhibits a photoinduced strain (structural grating) with an amplitude proportional to the optical fluence, and FeRh, which undergoes a magnetostructural phase transformation. In BiFeO3, structural relaxation is location independent, and the strain persists on the order of microseconds, consistent with the optical excitation of long-lived charge carriers. The strain profile of the structural grating in FeRh, in comparison, deviates from the sinusoidal excitation and exhibits both higher-order spatial frequencies and a location-dependent relaxation. The focused X-ray probe provides spatial resolution within the engineered optical excitation profile, resolving the spatiotemporal flow of heat through FeRh locally heated above the phase transition temperature. TGXD successfully characterizes mesoscopic energy transport in functional materials without relying on a specific transport model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis D Frazer
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Zhonghou Cai
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Donald A Walko
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Carolina Adamo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Darrell G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.,Leibniz-Institut Für Kristallzüchtung, Max-Born-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eric E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92903, USA
| | - Paul G Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | - Yue Cao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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7
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Liu B, Liu S, Yang L, Chen Z, Zhang E, Li Z, Wu J, Ruan X, Xiu F, Liu W, He L, Zhang R, Xu Y. Light-Tunable Ferromagnetism in Atomically Thin Fe_{3}GeTe_{2} Driven by Femtosecond Laser Pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:267205. [PMID: 33449751 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.267205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of intrinsic ferromagnetism in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) crystals has opened up a new arena for spintronics, raising an opportunity of achieving tunable intrinsic 2D vdW magnetism. Here, we show that the magnetization and the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of few-layered Fe_{3}GeTe_{2} (FGT) is strongly modulated by a femtosecond laser pulse. Upon increasing the femtosecond laser excitation intensity, the saturation magnetization increases in an approximately linear way and the coercivity determined by the MAE decreases monotonically, showing unambiguously the effect of the laser pulse on magnetic ordering. This effect observed at room temperature reveals the emergence of light-driven room-temperature (300 K) ferromagnetism in 2D vdW FGT, as its intrinsic Curie temperature T_{C} is ∼200 K. The light-tunable ferromagnetism is attributed to the changes in the electronic structure due to the optical doping effect. Our findings pave a novel way to optically tune 2D vdW magnetism and enhance the T_{C} up to room temperature, promoting spintronic applications at or above room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhendong Chen
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Enze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wu
- York-Nanjing Joint Center in Spintronics, Department of Electronic Engineering and Department of Physics, The University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Xuezhong Ruan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Faxian Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - Liang He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbing Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic Materials, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- York-Nanjing Joint Center in Spintronics, Department of Electronic Engineering and Department of Physics, The University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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8
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Kagan CR, Bassett LC, Murray CB, Thompson SM. Colloidal Quantum Dots as Platforms for Quantum Information Science. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3186-3233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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9
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Goldman ML, Patti TL, Levonian D, Yelin SF, Lukin MD. Optical Control of a Single Nuclear Spin in the Solid State. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:153203. [PMID: 32357057 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.153203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel method for coherent optical manipulation of individual nuclear spins in the solid state, mediated by the electronic states of a proximal quantum emitter. Specifically, using the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond, we demonstrate control of a proximal ^{14}N nuclear spin via an all-optical Raman technique. We evaluate the extent to which the intrinsic physical properties of the NV center limit the performance of coherent control, and we find that it is ultimately constrained by the relative rates of transverse hyperfine coupling and radiative decay in the NV center's excited state. Possible extensions and applications to other color centers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Goldman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - T L Patti
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Levonian
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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10
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Xu J, Wu F, Bao JK, Han F, Xiao ZL, Martin I, Lyu YY, Wang YL, Chung DY, Li M, Zhang W, Pearson JE, Jiang JS, Kanatzidis MG, Kwok WK. Orbital-flop Induced Magnetoresistance Anisotropy in Rare Earth Monopnictide CeSb. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2875. [PMID: 31253766 PMCID: PMC6599061 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10624-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The charge and spin of the electrons in solids have been extensively exploited in electronic devices and in the development of spintronics. Another attribute of electrons—their orbital nature—is attracting growing interest for understanding exotic phenomena and in creating the next-generation of quantum devices such as orbital qubits. Here, we report on orbital-flop induced magnetoresistance anisotropy in CeSb. In the low temperature high magnetic-field driven ferromagnetic state, a series of additional minima appear in the angle-dependent magnetoresistance. These minima arise from the anisotropic magnetization originating from orbital-flops and from the enhanced electron scattering from magnetic multidomains formed around the first-order orbital-flop transition. The measured magnetization anisotropy can be accounted for with a phenomenological model involving orbital-flops and a spin-valve-like structure is used to demonstrate the viable utilization of orbital-flop phenomenon. Our results showcase a contribution of orbital behavior in the emergence of intriguing phenomena. The orbital degree of freedom can be as important as the charge and spin of the electron to the electronic phenomena. Here the authors show additional minimum in the angle-dependent magnetoresistance (MR) for the low temperature high magnetic field driven ferromagnetic state in CeSb which indicates the orbital flop induced MR anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.,Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA
| | - Fengcheng Wu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.,Condensed Matter Theory Center and Joint Quantum Institute, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jin-Ke Bao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zhi-Li Xiao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA. .,Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, 60115, USA.
| | - Ivar Martin
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.
| | - Yang-Yang Lyu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.,Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yong-Lei Wang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.,Research Institute of Superconductor Electronics, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Duck Young Chung
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mingda Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA.
| | - John E Pearson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jidong S Jiang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wai-Kwong Kwok
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
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11
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Huang TY, Grote RR, Mann SA, Hopper DA, Exarhos AL, Lopez GG, Kaighn GR, Garnett EC, Bassett LC. A monolithic immersion metalens for imaging solid-state quantum emitters. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2392. [PMID: 31160564 PMCID: PMC6546684 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum emitters such as the diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center are the basis for a wide range of quantum technologies. However, refraction and reflections at material interfaces impede photon collection, and the emitters’ atomic scale necessitates the use of free space optical measurement setups that prevent packaging of quantum devices. To overcome these limitations, we design and fabricate a metasurface composed of nanoscale diamond pillars that acts as an immersion lens to collect and collimate the emission of an individual NV center. The metalens exhibits a numerical aperture greater than 1.0, enabling efficient fiber-coupling of quantum emitters. This flexible design will lead to the miniaturization of quantum devices in a wide range of host materials and the development of metasurfaces that shape single-photon emission for coupling to optical cavities or route photons based on their quantum state. Photon collection from quantum emitters is difficult, and their scale requires the use of free-space optical measurement setups which prevent packaging of quantum devices. Here, the authors design and fabricate a metasurface that acts as an immersion lens to collect and collimate the emission of an individual emitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yung Huang
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Richard R Grote
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Rockley Photonics Inc., 234 E. Colorado Blvd, Suite 600, Pasadena, CA, 91101, USA
| | - Sander A Mann
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - David A Hopper
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, 209 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Annemarie L Exarhos
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Physics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, 18042, USA
| | - Gerald G Lopez
- Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, 3205 Walnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Garrett R Kaighn
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Erik C Garnett
- Center for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lee C Bassett
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, 200 S. 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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12
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Magnetic-field-dependent quantum emission in hexagonal boron nitride at room temperature. Nat Commun 2019; 10:222. [PMID: 30644413 PMCID: PMC6333818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically addressable spins associated with defects in wide-bandgap semiconductors are versatile platforms for quantum information processing and nanoscale sensing, where spin-dependent inter-system crossing transitions facilitate optical spin initialization and readout. Recently, the van der Waals material hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) has emerged as a robust host for quantum emitters, promising efficient photon extraction and atom-scale engineering, but observations of spin-related effects have remained thus far elusive. Here, we report room-temperature observations of strongly anisotropic photoluminescence patterns as a function of applied magnetic field for select quantum emitters in h-BN. Field-dependent variations in the steady-state photoluminescence and photon emission statistics are consistent with an electronic model featuring a spin-dependent inter-system crossing between triplet and singlet manifolds, indicating that optically-addressable spin defects are present in h-BN.
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13
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Olshansky JH, Krzyaniak MD, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Photogenerated Spin-Entangled Qubit (Radical) Pairs in DNA Hairpins: Observation of Spin Delocalization and Coherence. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2152-2160. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob H. Olshansky
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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14
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Bighin G, Tscherbul TV, Lemeshko M. Diagrammatic Monte Carlo Approach to Angular Momentum in Quantum Many-Particle Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:165301. [PMID: 30387644 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.165301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a diagrammatic Monte Carlo approach to angular momentum properties of quantum many-particle systems possessing a macroscopic number of degrees of freedom. The treatment is based on a diagrammatic expansion that merges the usual Feynman diagrams with the angular momentum diagrams known from atomic and nuclear structure theory, thereby incorporating the non-Abelian algebra inherent to quantum rotations. Our approach is applicable at arbitrary coupling, is free of systematic errors and of finite-size effects, and naturally provides access to the impurity Green function. We exemplify the technique by obtaining an all-coupling solution of the angulon model; however, the method is quite general and can be applied to a broad variety of systems in which particles exchange quantum angular momentum with their many-body environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bighin
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - T V Tscherbul
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - M Lemeshko
- IST Austria (Institute of Science and Technology Austria), Am Campus 1, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
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15
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Wu Y, Zhou J, Nelson JN, Young RM, Krzyaniak MD, Wasielewski MR. Covalent Radical Pairs as Spin Qubits: Influence of Rapid Electron Motion between Two Equivalent Sites on Spin Coherence. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:13011-13021. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Jordan N. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy, Northwestern Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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16
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Hopper DA, Shulevitz HJ, Bassett LC. Spin Readout Techniques of the Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9090437. [PMID: 30424370 PMCID: PMC6187496 DOI: 10.3390/mi9090437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center is a leading platform for quantum information science due to its optical addressability and room-temperature spin coherence. However, measurements of the NV center’s spin state typically require averaging over many cycles to overcome noise. Here, we review several approaches to improve the readout performance and highlight future avenues of research that could enable single-shot electron-spin readout at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hopper
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Henry J Shulevitz
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Lee C Bassett
- Quantum Engineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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17
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Lemonde MA, Meesala S, Sipahigil A, Schuetz MJA, Lukin MD, Loncar M, Rabl P. Phonon Networks with Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Waveguides. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:213603. [PMID: 29883171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.213603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We propose and analyze a novel realization of a solid-state quantum network, where separated silicon-vacancy centers are coupled via the phonon modes of a quasi-one-dimensional diamond waveguide. In our approach, quantum states encoded in long-lived electronic spin states can be converted into propagating phonon wave packets and be reabsorbed efficiently by a distant defect center. Our analysis shows that under realistic conditions, this approach enables the implementation of high-fidelity, scalable quantum communication protocols within chip-scale spin-qubit networks. Apart from quantum information processing, this setup constitutes a novel waveguide QED platform, where strong-coupling effects between solid-state defects and individual propagating phonons can be explored at the quantum level.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Lemonde
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - S Meesala
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A Sipahigil
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter and Thomas J. Watson, Sr., Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M J A Schuetz
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Loncar
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - P Rabl
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Chen HY, MacQuarrie ER, Fuchs GD. Orbital State Manipulation of a Diamond Nitrogen-Vacancy Center Using a Mechanical Resonator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:167401. [PMID: 29756908 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.167401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the resonant optical transitions of a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center that is coherently dressed by a strong mechanical drive. Using a gigahertz-frequency diamond mechanical resonator that is strain coupled to a NV center's orbital states, we demonstrate coherent Raman sidebands out to the ninth order and orbital-phonon interactions that mix the two excited-state orbital branches. These interactions are spectroscopically revealed through a multiphonon Rabi splitting of the orbital branches which scales as a function of resonator driving amplitude and is successfully reproduced in a quantum model. Finally, we discuss the application of mechanical driving to engineering NV-center orbital states.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Chen
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | | | - G D Fuchs
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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19
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Lekavicius I, Golter DA, Oo T, Wang H. Transfer of Phase Information between Microwave and Optical Fields via an Electron Spin. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:063601. [PMID: 28949593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.063601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the coherent coupling and the resulting transfer of phase information between microwave and optical fields in a single nitrogen vacancy center in diamond. The relative phase of two microwave fields is encoded in a coherent superposition spin state. This phase information is then retrieved with a pair of optical fields. A related process is also used for the transfer of phase information from optical to microwave fields. These studies show the essential role of dark states, including optical pumping into the dark states, in the coherent microwave-optical coupling and open the door to the full quantum state transfer between microwave and optical fields in a solid-state spin ensemble.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignas Lekavicius
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - D Andrew Golter
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Thein Oo
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Hailin Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Janesko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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21
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Jahn-Teller-induced femtosecond electronic depolarization dynamics of the nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13510. [PMID: 27848938 PMCID: PMC5116094 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-photon emission from the nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond constitutes one of its many proposed applications. Owing to its doubly degenerate 3E electronic excited state, photons from this defect can be emitted by two optical transitions with perpendicular polarization. Previous measurements have indicated that orbital-selective photoexcitation does not, however, yield photoluminescence with well-defined polarizations, thus hinting at orbital-averaging dynamics even at cryogenic temperatures. Here we employ femtosecond polarization anisotropy spectroscopy to investigate the ultrafast electronic dynamics of the 3E state. We observe subpicosecond electronic dephasing dynamics even at cryogenic temperatures, up to five orders of magnitude faster than dephasing rates suggested by previous frequency- and time-domain measurements. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations assign the ultrafast depolarization dynamics to nonadiabatic transitions and phonon-induced electronic dephasing between the two components of the 3E state. Our results provide an explanation for the ultrafast orbital averaging that exists even at cryogenic temperatures. Understanding ultrafast dynamics of excited states of nitrogen-vacancy helps its manipulation for technological applications. Here the authors use polarization anisotropy spectroscopy and molecular dynamics to investigate sub-picosecond dephasing dynamics, identifying the origin of orbital averaging effects.
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22
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Becker JN, Görlitz J, Arend C, Markham M, Becher C. Ultrafast all-optical coherent control of single silicon vacancy colour centres in diamond. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13512. [PMID: 27841265 PMCID: PMC5114561 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Complete control of the state of a quantum bit (qubit) is a fundamental requirement for any quantum information processing (QIP) system. In this context, all-optical control techniques offer the advantage of a well-localized and potentially ultrafast manipulation of individual qubits in multi-qubit systems. Recently, the negatively charged silicon vacancy centre (SiV−) in diamond has emerged as a novel promising system for QIP due to its superior spectral properties and advantageous electronic structure, offering an optically accessible Λ-type level system with large orbital splittings. Here, we report on all-optical resonant as well as Raman-based coherent control of a single SiV− using ultrafast pulses as short as 1 ps, significantly faster than the centre's phonon-limited ground state coherence time of about 40 ns. These measurements prove the accessibility of a complete set of single-qubit operations relying solely on optical fields and pave the way for high-speed QIP applications using SiV− centres. All-optical coherent control schemes offer well-localized and ultrafast control of individual qubits in many-qubit systems. Here the authors report on all-optical resonant and Raman-based control of single silicon vacancies using picosecond pulses, much faster than the ground state coherence time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Nils Becker
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Johannes Görlitz
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Carsten Arend
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthew Markham
- Global Innovation Centre, Element Six Limited, Global Innovation Centre, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QR, UK
| | - Christoph Becher
- Fachrichtung 7.2 (Experimentalphysik), Universität des Saarlandes, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Janesko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Christian University, 2800 S. University Dr., Fort Worth, Texas 76129, USA
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24
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Dey P, Paul J, Wang Z, Stevens CE, Liu C, Romero AH, Shan J, Hilton DJ, Karaiskaj D. Optical Coherence in Atomic-Monolayer Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides Limited by Electron-Phonon Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:127402. [PMID: 27058100 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.127402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We systematically investigate the excitonic dephasing of three representative transition-metal dichalcogenides, namely, MoS_{2}, MoSe_{2}, and WSe_{2} atomic monolayer thick and bulk crystals, in order to gain a proper understanding of the factors that determine the optical coherence in these materials. Coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy and temperature dependent absorption, combined with theoretical calculations of the phonon spectra, indicate electron-phonon interactions, to be the limiting factor. Surprisingly, the excitonic dephasing, differs only slightly between atomic monolayers and high quality bulk crystals, which indicates that material imperfections are not the limiting factor in atomically thin monolayer samples. The temperature dependence of the electronic band gap and the excitonic linewidth combined with "ab initio" calculations of the phonon energies and the phonon density of states reveal a strong interaction with the E' and E" phonon modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dey
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave., Tampa, Florida 33620 USA
| | - J Paul
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave., Tampa, Florida 33620 USA
| | - Z Wang
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C E Stevens
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave., Tampa, Florida 33620 USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave., Tampa, Florida 33620 USA
| | - A H Romero
- Physics Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown West Virginia, 26506-6315, USA
| | - J Shan
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - D J Hilton
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - D Karaiskaj
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave., Tampa, Florida 33620 USA
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25
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Gaita-Ariño A, Prima-García H, Cardona-Serra S, Escalera-Moreno L, Rosaleny LE, Baldoví JJ. Coherence and organisation in lanthanoid complexes: from single ion magnets to spin qubits. Inorg Chem Front 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qi00296f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular magnetism is reaching a degree of development that will allow for the rational design of sophisticated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Prima-García
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | | | | | - Lorena E. Rosaleny
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
| | - José J. Baldoví
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol)
- Universidad de Valencia
- 46980 Paterna
- Spain
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay
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26
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Benjamin S, Kelly J. Superconducting qubits: Solving a wonderful problem. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:561-563. [PMID: 25990908 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Benjamin
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
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27
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Trifunovic L, Pedrocchi FL, Hoffman S, Maletinsky P, Yacoby A, Loss D. High-efficiency resonant amplification of weak magnetic fields for single spin magnetometry at room temperature. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 10:541-546. [PMID: 25961508 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2015.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques not only provide powerful imaging tools that have revolutionized medicine, but they have a wide spectrum of applications in other fields of science such as biology, chemistry, neuroscience and physics. However, current state-of-the-art magnetometers are unable to detect a single nuclear spin unless the tip-to-sample separation is made sufficiently small. Here, we demonstrate theoretically that by placing a ferromagnetic particle between a nitrogen-vacancy magnetometer and a target spin, the magnetometer sensitivity is improved dramatically. Using materials and techniques that are already experimentally available, our proposed set-up is sensitive enough to detect a single nuclear spin within ten milliseconds of data acquisition at room temperature. The sensitivity is practically unchanged when the ferromagnet surface to the target spin separation is smaller than the ferromagnet lateral dimensions; typically about a tenth of a micrometre. This scheme further benefits when used for nitrogen-vacancy ensemble measurements, enhancing sensitivity by an additional three orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Trifunovic
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Fabio L Pedrocchi
- 1] Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland [2] JARA Institute for Quantum Information, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen D-52056, Germany
| | - Silas Hoffman
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Maletinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Amir Yacoby
- 1] Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Condensed Matter Chair, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Canada
| | - Daniel Loss
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel CH-4056, Switzerland
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28
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Goldman ML, Sipahigil A, Doherty MW, Yao NY, Bennett SD, Markham M, Twitchen DJ, Manson NB, Kubanek A, Lukin MD. Phonon-induced population dynamics and intersystem crossing in nitrogen-vacancy centers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:145502. [PMID: 25910136 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.145502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report direct measurement of population dynamics in the excited state manifold of a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond. We quantify the phonon-induced mixing rate and demonstrate that it can be completely suppressed at low temperatures. Further, we measure the intersystem crossing (ISC) rate for different excited states and develop a theoretical model that unifies the phonon-induced mixing and ISC mechanisms. We find that our model is in excellent agreement with experiment and that it can be used to predict unknown elements of the NV center's electronic structure. We discuss the model's implications for enhancing the NV center's performance as a room-temperature sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Goldman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - A Sipahigil
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M W Doherty
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - N Y Yao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S D Bennett
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Markham
- Element Six Ltd, Kings Ride Park, Ascot SL5 8BP, United Kingdom
| | - D J Twitchen
- Element Six Ltd, Kings Ride Park, Ascot SL5 8BP, United Kingdom
| | - N B Manson
- Laser Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
| | - A Kubanek
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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29
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Klenov NV, Kuznetsov AV, Soloviev II, Bakurskiy SV, Tikhonova OV. Magnetic reversal dynamics of a quantum system on a picosecond timescale. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 6:1946-56. [PMID: 26665066 PMCID: PMC4660925 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.6.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We present our approach for a consistent, fully quantum mechanical description of the magnetization reversal process in natural and artificial atomic systems by means of short magnetic pulses. In terms of the simplest model of a two-level system with a magnetic moment, we analyze the possibility of a fast magnetization reversal on the picosecond timescale induced by oscillating or short unipolar magnetic pulses. We demonstrate the possibility of selective magnetization reversal of a superconducting flux qubit using a single flux quantum-based pulse and suggest a promising, rapid Λ-scheme for resonant implementation of this process. In addition, the magnetization reversal treatment is fulfilled within the framework of the macroscopic theory of the magnetic moment, which allows for the comparison and explanation of the quantum and classical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Klenov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Physics Department, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Lukin Scientific Research Institute of Physical Problems, Zelenograd, Moscow 124460, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey V Kuznetsov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Physics Department, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Igor I Soloviev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Lukin Scientific Research Institute of Physical Problems, Zelenograd, Moscow 124460, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, Dolgoprudniy, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergey V Bakurskiy
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Physics Department, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Olga V Tikhonova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Physics Department, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Moscow 119991, Russia
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30
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Rogers LJ, Jahnke KD, Metsch MH, Sipahigil A, Binder JM, Teraji T, Sumiya H, Isoya J, Lukin MD, Hemmer P, Jelezko F. All-optical initialization, readout, and coherent preparation of single silicon-vacancy spins in diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:263602. [PMID: 25615330 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.263602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The silicon-vacancy (SiV-) color center in diamond has attracted attention because of its unique optical properties. It exhibits spectral stability and indistinguishability that facilitate efficient generation of photons capable of demonstrating quantum interference. Here we show optical initialization and readout of electronic spin in a single SiV- center with a spin relaxation time of T1=2.4±0.2 ms. Coherent population trapping (CPT) is used to demonstrate coherent preparation of dark superposition states with a spin coherence time of T2⋆=35±3 ns. This is fundamentally limited by orbital relaxation, and an understanding of this process opens the way to extend coherence by engineering interactions with phonons. Hyperfine structure is observed in CPT measurements with the 29Si isotope which allows access to nuclear spin. These results establish the SiV- center as a solid-state spin-photon interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J Rogers
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Kay D Jahnke
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Mathias H Metsch
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Alp Sipahigil
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Jan M Binder
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
| | - Tokuyuki Teraji
- National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sumiya
- Advanced Materials R & D Laboratories, Sumitomo Electric Industries Limited, Itami, Hyogo 664-0016, Japan
| | - Junichi Isoya
- Research Center for Knowledge Communities, University of Tsukuba, 1-2 Kasuga, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8550, Japan
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Philip Hemmer
- Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQst), Ulm University, Ulm D-89081, Germany
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Childress
- Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2T8, Canada
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