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Chhetri M, Miah H, Wong D, Hayden M, Bansal U, Bariana H. Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr72 in the Common Wheat Landraces AUS27506 and AUS27894 from the Watkins Collection. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1993. [PMID: 38002936 PMCID: PMC10671306 DOI: 10.3390/genes14111993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is among the major threats to global wheat production. The common wheat landraces AUS27506 and AUS27894 displayed stripe rust resistance against several commercially prevailing Pst pathotypes. These genotypes were crossed with a stripe-rust-susceptible landrace AUS27229 to understand the inheritance of resistance and to determine the genomic location(s) of underlying gene(s). F3 generations of crosses AUS27506/AUS27229 and AUS27894/AUS27229 showed monogenic segregation for stripe rust resistance under greenhouse conditions. The absence of segregation for stripe rust response among the AUS27506/AUS27894-derived F3 population suggested that both genotypes carry the same gene. The stripe rust resistance gene carried by AUS27506 and AUS27894 was tentatively named YrAW4. A bulked segregant analysis placed YrAW4 in the long arm of chromosome 2B. The AUS27506/AUS27229 F3 population was enhanced to develop an F6 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population for detailed mapping of chromosome 2BL. DArT-based SSR, STS and SNP markers were employed to enrich the 2BL map. DArT-based STS markers sun481 and SNP marker IWB12294 flanked YrAW4 proximally (1.8 cM) and distally (1.2 cM), respectively. Deletion mapping placed sun481 in the deletion bin 2BL-5. All stripe rust resistance genes, previously located on chromosome 2BL, neither express an infection type like YrAW4, nor are they mapped in the deletion bin 2BL-5. Hence, YrAW4 represented a new locus and was formally named Yr72. The usefulness of the markers IWB12294 and sun481 in marker-assisted selection was demonstrated by the amplification of alleles that are different to that linked with Yr72 in 19 common wheat and two durum wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumta Chhetri
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Hanif Miah
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Debbie Wong
- AgriBioCentre, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, La Trobe Research and Development Park, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (D.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Matthew Hayden
- AgriBioCentre, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, La Trobe Research and Development Park, Bundoora, VIC 3082, Australia; (D.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Urmil Bansal
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.C.); (H.M.)
| | - Harbans Bariana
- Plant Breeding Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, 107 Cobbitty Road, Cobbitty, NSW 2570, Australia; (M.C.); (H.M.)
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Bourke Road, Richmond, NSW 2753, Australia
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Zhou Q, Huang Z, Zheng S, Jiao L, Wang L, Wang R. A wheat spike detection method based on Transformer. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1023924. [PMID: 36340370 PMCID: PMC9630921 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1023924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Wheat spike detection has important research significance for production estimation and crop field management. With the development of deep learning-based algorithms, researchers tend to solve the detection task by convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, traditional CNNs equip with the inductive bias of locality and scale-invariance, which makes it hard to extract global and long-range dependency. In this paper, we propose a Transformer-based network named Multi-Window Swin Transformer (MW-Swin Transformer). Technically, MW-Swin Transformer introduces the ability of feature pyramid network to extract multi-scale features and inherits the characteristic of Swin Transformer that performs self-attention mechanism by window strategy. Moreover, bounding box regression is a crucial step in detection. We propose a Wheat Intersection over Union loss by incorporating the Euclidean distance, area overlapping, and aspect ratio, thereby leading to better detection accuracy. We merge the proposed network and regression loss into a popular detection architecture, fully convolutional one-stage object detection, and name the unified model WheatFormer. Finally, we construct a wheat spike detection dataset (WSD-2022) to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods. The experimental results show that the proposed network outperforms those state-of-the-art algorithms with 0.459 mAP (mean average precision) and 0.918 AP50. It has been proved that our Transformer-based method is effective to handle wheat spike detection under complex field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhou
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- College of Information and Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ziliang Huang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shijian Zheng
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Department of Information Engineering Southwest, University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Lin Jiao
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- School of Internet, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Liusan Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
- Science Island Branch, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Gawande ND, Hamiditabar Z, Brunetti SC, Gulick PJ. Characterization of the heterotrimeric G protein gene families in Triticum aestivum and related species. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35463045 PMCID: PMC8938547 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03156-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes the heterotrimeric G protein gene families in Triticum aestivum, their tissue-specific expression patterns during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions. There are three Gα genes, three Gβ and 12 Gγ genes, totaling 18 genes encoding heterotrimeric G proteins in the hexaploid wheat genome. Each haploid genome of the hexaploid T. aestivum has a single gene encoding the α subunit of the heterotrimeric G protein complex, GA1, a single Gβ and four Gγ genes. Each gene has three homeologous copies in the A, B and D genomes. The physical interaction between the Gβ (Gpb) and two Gγ subunits, Gpg1 and Gpg2, was shown through bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC). The gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses showed both up-regulation and down-regulation of members of the gene families. Gγ2-B and Gγ2-D are significantly upregulated during heat stress, GA1-D is upregulated by cold stress and Gγ1-A and Gγ1-D were upregulated by Fusarium graminearum inoculation in a F. graminearum resistant cultivar. This suggests that these members may play roles in biotic and abiotic signaling pathways and the roles of these genes within these pathways need further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03156-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh D. Gawande
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Zeynab Hamiditabar
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Sabrina C. Brunetti
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
| | - Patrick J. Gulick
- Biology Department, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke W, Montreal, QB H4B 1R6 Canada
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Wen C, Wu J, Chen H, Su H, Chen X, Li Z, Yang C. Wheat Spike Detection and Counting in the Field Based on SpikeRetinaNet. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:821717. [PMID: 35310650 PMCID: PMC8928106 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.821717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The number of wheat spikes per unit area is one of the most important agronomic traits associated with wheat yield. However, quick and accurate detection for the counting of wheat spikes faces persistent challenges due to the complexity of wheat field conditions. This work has trained a RetinaNet (SpikeRetinaNet) based on several optimizations to detect and count wheat spikes efficiently. This RetinaNet consists of several improvements. First, a weighted bidirectional feature pyramid network (BiFPN) was introduced into the feature pyramid network (FPN) of RetinaNet, which could fuse multiscale features to recognize wheat spikes in different varieties and complicated environments. Then, to detect objects more efficiently, focal loss and attention modules were added. Finally, soft non-maximum suppression (Soft-NMS) was used to solve the occlusion problem. Based on these improvements, the new network detector was created and tested on the Global Wheat Head Detection (GWHD) dataset supplemented with wheat-wheatgrass spike detection (WSD) images. The WSD images were supplemented with new varieties of wheat, which makes the mixed dataset richer in species. The method of this study achieved 0.9262 for mAP50, which improved by 5.59, 49.06, 2.79, 1.35, and 7.26% compared to the state-of-the-art RetinaNet, single-shot multiBox detector (SSD), You Only Look Once version3 (Yolov3), You Only Look Once version4 (Yolov4), and faster region-based convolutional neural network (Faster-RCNN), respectively. In addition, the counting accuracy reached 0.9288, which was improved from other methods as well. Our implementation code and partial validation data are available at https://github.com/wujians122/The-Wheat-Spikes-Detecting-and-Counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changji Wen
- College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Institute for the Smart Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianshuang Wu
- College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Paul, MN, United States
| | - Hongrui Chen
- College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Paul, MN, United States
| | - Hengqiang Su
- College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Institute for the Smart Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Institute for the Smart Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoshi Li
- College of Information and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ce Yang
- College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences, University of Minnesota, Paul, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Changji Wen,
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A Heterozygous Genotype-Dependent Branched-Spike Wheat and the Potential Genetic Mechanism Revealed by Transcriptome Sequencing. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10050437. [PMID: 34068944 PMCID: PMC8157103 DOI: 10.3390/biology10050437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper reported a novel type of branched spike wheat from a natural mutation event. The branched spike was controlled by a heterozygous genotype. The genetic patterns showed that gametophytic male sterility probably contributed to the heterozygous genotype responsible for the branched spike trait. Expressional levels and Wheat FRIZZY PANICLE (WFZP) sequencing between the mutant with the branched spike and the wild-type with the normal spike showed that WFZP was not the causal gene for the branched spike. Data from transcriptome sequencing indicated that carbohydrate metabolism might be involved in the formation of the branched spike trait. Abstract Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spike architecture is an important trait associated with spike development and grain yield. Here, we report a naturally occurring wheat mutant with branched spikelets (BSL) from its wild-type YD-16, which has a normal spike trait and confers a moderate level of resistance to wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB). The lateral meristems positioned at the basal parts of the rachis node of the BSL mutant develop into ramified spikelets characterized as multiple spikelets. The BSL mutant shows three to four-day longer growth period but less 1000-grain weight than the wild type, and it becomes highly susceptible to FHB infection, indicating that the locus controlling the BSL trait may have undergone an intensively artificial and/or natural selection in modern breeding process. The self-pollinated descendants of the lines with the BSL trait consistently segregated with an equal ratio of branched and normal spikelets (NSL) wheat, and homozygotes with the BSL trait could not be achieved even after nine cycles of self-pollination. Distinct segregation patterns both from the self-pollinated progenies of the BSL plants and from the reciprocal crosses between the BSL plants with their sister NSL plants suggested that gametophytic male sterility was probably associated with the heterozygosity for the BSL trait. Transcriptome sequencing of the RNA bulks contrasting in the two types of spike trait at the heading stage indicated that the genes on chromosome 2DS may be critical for the BSL trait formation since 329 out of 2540 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were located on that chromosome, and most of them were down-regulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that carbohydrate metabolism may be involved in the BSL trait expression. This work provides valuable clues into understanding development and domestication of wheat spike as well as the association of the BSL trait with FHB susceptibility.
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Park YC, Jang CS. Molecular dissection of two homoeologous wheat genes encoding RING H2-type E3 ligases: TaSIRFP-3A and TaSIRFP-3B. PLANTA 2020; 252:26. [PMID: 32696139 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two homoeologous wheat genes, TaSIRFP-3A and TaSIRFP-3B, encode the RING-HC-type E3 ligases that play an inhibitory role in sucrose metabolism in response to cold stress. In higher plants, the attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) and the subsequent recognition and degradation by the 26S proteasome affects a variety of cellular functions that are essential for survival. Here, we characterized the two homoeologous wheat genes encoding the really interesting new gene (RING) HC-type E3 ligases: TaSIRFP-3A and TaSIRFP-3B (Triticum aestivum SINA domain including RING finger protein 1 and 2), which regulate target proteins via the Ub/26S proteasome system. The TaSIRFP-3A gene was highly expressed under cold stress. In contrast, its homoeologous gene, TaSIRFP-3B, showed only a slight increase in expression levels in shoots. Despite these differences, both the proteins exhibited E3 ligase activity with the cytosol- and nucleus-targeted localization, demonstrating their conserved molecular function. Heterogeneous overexpression of TaSIRFP-3A or TaSIRFP-3B in Arabidopsis showed delayed plant growth causing a reduction in sucrose synthase enzymatic activity and photosynthetic sucrose synthesis, by regulating sucrose synthase proteins. TaSIRFP-3A- or TaSIRFP-3B-overexpressing plants showed higher hypersensitivity under cold stress than WT plants with an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These results suggest that the negative regulation of TaSIRFP-3A and TaSIRFP-3B in response to cold stress is involved in sucrose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chan Park
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Bio-Resources Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Seong Jang
- Plant Genomics Lab, Department of Bio-Resources Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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Misra T, Arora A, Marwaha S, Chinnusamy V, Rao AR, Jain R, Sahoo RN, Ray M, Kumar S, Raju D, Jha RR, Nigam A, Goel S. SpikeSegNet-a deep learning approach utilizing encoder-decoder network with hourglass for spike segmentation and counting in wheat plant from visual imaging. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:40. [PMID: 32206080 PMCID: PMC7079463 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00582-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High throughput non-destructive phenotyping is emerging as a significant approach for phenotyping germplasm and breeding populations for the identification of superior donors, elite lines, and QTLs. Detection and counting of spikes, the grain bearing organs of wheat, is critical for phenomics of a large set of germplasm and breeding lines in controlled and field conditions. It is also required for precision agriculture where the application of nitrogen, water, and other inputs at this critical stage is necessary. Further, counting of spikes is an important measure to determine yield. Digital image analysis and machine learning techniques play an essential role in non-destructive plant phenotyping analysis. RESULTS In this study, an approach based on computer vision, particularly object detection, to recognize and count the number of spikes of the wheat plant from the digital images is proposed. For spike identification, a novel deep-learning network, SpikeSegNet, has been developed by combining two proposed feature networks: Local Patch extraction Network (LPNet) and Global Mask refinement Network (GMRNet). In LPNet, the contextual and spatial features are learned at the local patch level. The output of LPNet is a segmented mask image, which is further refined at the global level using GMRNet. Visual (RGB) images of 200 wheat plants were captured using LemnaTec imaging system installed at Nanaji Deshmukh Plant Phenomics Centre, ICAR-IARI, New Delhi. The precision, accuracy, and robustness (F1 score) of the proposed approach for spike segmentation are found to be 99.93%, 99.91%, and 99.91%, respectively. For counting the number of spikes, "analyse particles"-function of imageJ was applied on the output image of the proposed SpikeSegNet model. For spike counting, the average precision, accuracy, and robustness are 99%, 95%, and 97%, respectively. SpikeSegNet approach is tested for robustness with illuminated image dataset, and no significant difference is observed in the segmentation performance. CONCLUSION In this study, a new approach called as SpikeSegNet has been proposed based on combined digital image analysis and deep learning techniques. A dedicated deep learning approach has been developed to identify and count spikes in the wheat plants. The performance of the approach demonstrates that SpikeSegNet is an effective and robust approach for spike detection and counting. As detection and counting of wheat spikes are closely related to the crop yield, and the proposed approach is also non-destructive, it is a significant step forward in the area of non-destructive and high-throughput phenotyping of wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuj Misra
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Alka Arora
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Sudeep Marwaha
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
| | | | - Atmakuri Ramakrishna Rao
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Rajni Jain
- ICAR-National Institute of Agricultural Economics and Policy Research, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Mrinmoy Ray
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute (IASRI), Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi 110012 India
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhandapani Raju
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Aditya Nigam
- Indian Institute of Technology, Mandi, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Swati Goel
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Rustgi S, Kashyap S, Ankrah N, von Wettstein D. Use of Microspore-Derived Calli as Explants for Biolistic Transformation of Common Wheat. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2124:263-279. [PMID: 32277459 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
There are specific advantages of using microspores as explants: (1) A small number of explant donors are required to obtain the desired number of pollen embryoids for genetic transformation and (2) microspores constitute a synchronous mass of haploid cells, which are transformable by various means and convertible to doubled haploids therefore allow production of homozygous genotypes in a single generation. Additionally, it has been demonstrated in wheat and other crops that microspores can be easily induced to produce embryoids and biolistic approach to produce a large number of transformants. In view of these listed advantages, we optimized the use of microspore-derived calli for biolistic transformation of wheat. The procedure takes about 6 months to obtain the viable transformants in the spring wheat background. In the present communication, we demonstrated the use of this method to produce the reduced immunogenicity wheat genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Rustgi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, USA. .,Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Samneet Kashyap
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, School of Health Research, Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Centre, Florence, SC, USA
| | - Nii Ankrah
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Diter von Wettstein
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Guan Y, Li G, Chu Z, Ru Z, Jiang X, Wen Z, Zhang G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wei W. Transcriptome analysis reveals important candidate genes involved in grain-size formation at the stage of grain enlargement in common wheat cultivar "Bainong 4199". PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214149. [PMID: 30908531 PMCID: PMC6433227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain-size is one of the yield components, and the first 14 days after pollination (DAP) is a crucial stage for wheat grain-size formation. To understand the mechanism of grain-size formation at the whole gene expression level and to identify the candidate genes related to grain pattern formation, cDNA libraries from immature grains of 5 DAP and 14 DAP were constructed. According to transcriptome analysis, a total of 12,555 new genes and 9,358 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained. In DEGs, 2,876, 3,357 and 3,125 genes were located on A, B and D subgenome respectively. 9,937 (79.15%) new genes and 9,059 (96.80%) DEGs were successfully annotated. For DEGs, 4,453 were up-regulated and 4,905 were down-regulated at 14 DAP. The Gene Ontology (GO) database indicated that most of the grain-size-related genes were in the same cluster. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database analysis showed that 130, 129 and 20 DEGs were respectively involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Expression levels of 8 randomly selected genes were confirmed by qRT-PCR, which was consistent with the transcriptome data. The present database will help us understand the molecular mechanisms underlying early grain development and provide the foundation for increasing grain-size and yield in wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology / Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Gan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology / Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zongli Chu
- Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University, Xinyang, China
| | - Zhengang Ru
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology / Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiaoling Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology / Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhaopu Wen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology / Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guang Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology / Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuquan Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology / Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology / Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wenhui Wei
- College of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology / Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Province, Xinxiang, China
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Jiang L, Sun L, Ye M, Wang J, Wang Y, Bogard M, Lacaze X, Fournier A, Beauchêne K, Gouache D, Wu R. Functional mapping of N deficiency‐induced response in wheat yield‐component traits by implementing high‐throughput phenotyping. THE PLANT JOURNAL 2019; 97:1105-1119. [PMID: 30536457 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Libo Jiang
- Center for Computational Biology College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lidan Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture College of Landscape Architecture Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Meixia Ye
- Center for Computational Biology College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Computational Biology College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yaqun Wang
- Department of Biostatistics Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA
| | - Matthieu Bogard
- Arvalis Institut du Végétal 3‐5 Rue Joseph et Marie Hackin 75116 Paris France
| | - Xavier Lacaze
- Arvalis Institut du Végétal 3‐5 Rue Joseph et Marie Hackin 75116 Paris France
| | - Antoine Fournier
- Arvalis Institut du Végétal 3‐5 Rue Joseph et Marie Hackin 75116 Paris France
| | - Katia Beauchêne
- Arvalis Institut du Végétal 3‐5 Rue Joseph et Marie Hackin 75116 Paris France
| | - David Gouache
- Arvalis Institut du Végétal 3‐5 Rue Joseph et Marie Hackin 75116 Paris France
| | - Rongling Wu
- Center for Computational Biology College of Biological Sciences and Technology Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China
- Center for Statistical Genetics Departments of Public Health Sciences and Statistics Pennsylvania State University Hershey PA 17033 USA
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11
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Functional and structural insights into candidate genes associated with nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:76-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Jin Y, Fei M, Rosenquist S, Jin L, Gohil S, Sandström C, Olsson H, Persson C, Höglund AS, Fransson G, Ruan Y, Åman P, Jansson C, Liu C, Andersson R, Sun C. A Dual-Promoter Gene Orchestrates the Sucrose-Coordinated Synthesis of Starch and Fructan in Barley. MOLECULAR PLANT 2017; 10:1556-1570. [PMID: 29126994 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sequential carbohydrate synthesis is important for plant survival because it guarantees energy supplies for growth and development during plant ontogeny and reproduction. Starch and fructan are two important carbohydrates in many flowering plants and in human diets. Understanding this coordinated starch and fructan synthesis and unraveling how plants allocate photosynthates and prioritize different carbohydrate synthesis for survival could lead to improvements to cereals in agriculture for the purposes of greater food security and production quality. Here, we report a system from a single gene in barley employing two alternative promoters, one intronic/exonic, to generate two sequence-overlapping but functionally opposing transcription factors, in sensing sucrose, potentially via sucrose/glucose/fructose/trehalose 6-phosphate signaling. The system employs an autoregulatory mechanism in perceiving a sucrose-controlled trans activity on one promoter and orchestrating the coordinated starch and fructan synthesis by competitive transcription factor binding on the other promoter. As a case in point for the physiological roles of the system, we have demonstrated that this multitasking system can be exploited in breeding barley with tailored amounts of fructan to produce healthy food ingredients. The identification of an intron/exon-spanning promoter in a hosting gene, resulting in proteins with distinct functions, adds to the complexity of plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkai Jin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mingliang Fei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden; Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Sara Rosenquist
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lu Jin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Suresh Gohil
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Corine Sandström
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7015, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helena Olsson
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Persson
- The Swedish NMR Centre at University of Gothenburg, Box 465, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna-Stina Höglund
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gunnel Fransson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ying Ruan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; Key Laboratory of Education, Department of Hunan Province on Plant Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Per Åman
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christer Jansson
- The Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, K8-93, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Roger Andersson
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7051, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chuanxin Sun
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7080, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Rangan P, Furtado A, Henry RJ. The transcriptome of the developing grain: a resource for understanding seed development and the molecular control of the functional and nutritional properties of wheat. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:766. [PMID: 29020946 PMCID: PMC5637334 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4154-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat is one of the three major cereals that have been domesticated to feed human populations. The composition of the wheat grain determines the functional properties of wheat including milling efficiency, bread making, and nutritional value. Transcriptome analysis of the developing wheat grain provides key insights into the molecular basis for grain development and quality. RESULTS The transcriptome of 35 genotypes was analysed by RNA-Seq at two development stages (14 and 30 days-post-anthesis, dpa) corresponding to the mid stage of development (stage Z75) and the almost mature seed (stage Z85). At 14dpa, most of the transcripts were associated with the synthesis of the major seed components including storage proteins and starch. At 30dpa, a diverse range of genes were expressed at low levels with a predominance of genes associated with seed defence and stress tolerance. RNA-Seq analysis of changes in expression between 14dpa and 30dpa stages revealed 26,477 transcripts that were significantly differentially expressed at a FDR corrected p-value cut-off at ≤0.01. Functional annotation and gene ontology mapping was performed and KEGG pathway mapping allowed grouping based upon biochemical linkages. This analysis demonstrated that photosynthesis associated with the pericarp was very active at 14dpa but had ceased by 30dpa. Recently reported genes for flour yield in milling and bread quality were found to influence wheat quality largely due to expression patterns at the earlier seed development stage. CONCLUSIONS This study serves as a resource providing an overview of gene expression during wheat grain development at the early (14dpa) and late (30dpa) grain filling stages for use in studies of grain quality and nutritional value and in understanding seed biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimalan Rangan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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14
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Zhang J, Jiang Y, Xuan P, Guo Y, Deng G, Yu M, Long H. Isolation of two new retrotransposon sequences and development of molecular and cytological markers for Dasypyrum villosum (L.). Genetica 2017. [PMID: 28638972 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9972-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dasypyrum villosum is a valuable genetic resource for wheat improvement. With the aim to efficiently monitor the D. villosum chromatin introduced into common wheat, two novel retrotransposon sequences were isolated by RAPD, and were successfully converted to D. villosum-specific SCAR markers. In addition, we constructed a chromosomal karyotype of D. villosum. Our results revealed that different accessions of D. villosum showed slightly different signal patterns, indicating that distribution of repeats did not diverge significantly among D. villosum accessions. The two SCAR markers and FISH karyotype of D. villosum could be used for efficient and precise identification of D. villosum chromatin in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610061, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Wheat Biology and Genetic Improvement on Southwestern China (Ministry of Agriculture), Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610061, Sichuan, China
| | - Pu Xuan
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanlin Guo
- Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610061, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangbing Deng
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Maoqun Yu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Long
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 9 Section 4, Renmin South Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Balcárková B, Frenkel Z, Škopová M, Abrouk M, Kumar A, Chao S, Kianian SF, Akhunov E, Korol AB, Doležel J, Valárik M. A High Resolution Radiation Hybrid Map of Wheat Chromosome 4A. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 7:2063. [PMID: 28119729 PMCID: PMC5222868 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.02063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Bread wheat has a large and complex allohexaploid genome with low recombination level at chromosome centromeric and peri-centromeric regions. This significantly hampers ordering of markers, contigs of physical maps and sequence scaffolds and impedes obtaining of high-quality reference genome sequence. Here we report on the construction of high-density and high-resolution radiation hybrid (RH) map of chromosome 4A supported by high-density chromosome deletion map. A total of 119 endosperm-based RH lines of two RH panels and 15 chromosome deletion bin lines were genotyped with 90K iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A total of 2316 and 2695 markers were successfully mapped to the 4A RH and deletion maps, respectively. The chromosome deletion map was ordered in 19 bins and allowed precise identification of centromeric region and verification of the RH panel reliability. The 4A-specific RH map comprises 1080 mapping bins and spans 6550.9 cR with a resolution of 0.13 Mb/cR. Significantly higher mapping resolution in the centromeric region was observed as compared to recombination maps. Relatively even distribution of deletion frequency along the chromosome in the RH panel was observed and putative functional centromere was delimited within a region characterized by two SNP markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Balcárková
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchOlomouc, Czechia
| | - Zeev Frenkel
- Institute of Evolution, University of HaifaHaifa, Israel
| | - Monika Škopová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchOlomouc, Czechia
| | - Michael Abrouk
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchOlomouc, Czechia
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, FargoND, USA
| | - Shiaoman Chao
- Biosciences Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, FargoND, USA
| | - Shahryar F. Kianian
- Cereal Disease Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, University of Minnesota, St. PaulMN, USA
| | - Eduard Akhunov
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, ManhattanKS, USA
| | | | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchOlomouc, Czechia
| | - Miroslav Valárik
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchOlomouc, Czechia
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16
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17
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Identification of Novel Abiotic Stress Proteins in Triticum aestivum Through Functional Annotation of Hypothetical Proteins. Interdiscip Sci 2016; 10:205-220. [PMID: 27421996 DOI: 10.1007/s12539-016-0178-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cereal grain bread wheat (T. aestivum) is an important source of food and belongs to Poaceae family. Hypothetical proteins (HPs), i.e., proteins with unknown functions, share a substantial portion of wheat proteomes and play important roles in growth and physiology of plant system. Several functional annotations studies utilizing the protein sequences for characterization of role of individual protein in physiology of plant systems were being reported in recent past. In this study, an integrated pipeline of software/servers has been used for the identification and functional annotation of 124 unique HPs of T. aestivum considering available data in NCBI till date. All HPs were broadly annotated, out of which functions of 77 HPs were successfully assigned with high confidence level. Precisely functional annotation of remaining 47 HPs is also characterized with low confidence. Several latest versions of protein family databases, pathways information, genomics context methods and in silico tools were utilized to identify and assign function for individual HPs. Annotation result of several HPs mainly belongs to cellular protein, metabolic enzymes, binding proteins, transmembrane proteins, transcription factors and photosystem regulator proteins. Subsequently, functional analysis has revealed the role of few HPs in abiotic stress, which were further verified by phylogenetic analysis. The functionally associated proteins with each of above-mentioned abiotic stress-related proteins were identified through protein-protein interaction network analysis. The outcome of this study may be helpful for formulating general set pipeline/protocols for a better understanding of the role of HPs in physiological development of various plant systems.
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18
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Henry RJ, Rangan P, Furtado A. Functional cereals for production in new and variable climates. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 30:11-18. [PMID: 26828379 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of cereal crops to variable or changing climates requires that essential quality attributes are maintained to deliver food that will be acceptable to human consumers. Advances in cereal genomics are delivering insights into the molecular basis of nutritional and functional quality traits in cereals and defining new genetic resources. Understanding the influence of the environment on expression of these traits will support the retention of these essential functional properties during climate adaptation. New cereals for use as whole grain or ground to flour for other food products may be based upon the traditional species such as rice and wheat currently used in these food applications but may also include new options exploiting genomics tools to allow accelerated domestication of new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Parimalan Rangan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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19
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Wang Y, Li H, Sun Q, Yao Y. Characterization of Small RNAs Derived from tRNAs, rRNAs and snoRNAs and Their Response to Heat Stress in Wheat Seedlings. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150933. [PMID: 26963812 PMCID: PMC4786338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) derived from non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as tRNAs, rRNAs and snoRNAs, have been identified in various organisms. Several observations have indicated that cleavage of tRNAs and rRNAs is induced by various stresses. To clarify whether sRNAs in wheat derived from tRNAs (stRNAs), rRNAs (srRNAs) and snoRNAs (sdRNAs) are produced specifically in association with heat stress responses, we carried out a bioinformatic analysis of sRNA libraries from wheat seedlings and performed comparisons between control and high-temperature-treated samples to measure the differential abundance of stRNAs, srRNAs and sdRNAs. We found that the production of sRNAs from tRNAs, 5.8S rRNAs, and 28S rRNAs was more specific than that from 5S rRNAs and 18S rRNAs, and more than 95% of the stRNAs were processed asymmetrically from the 3’ or 5’ ends of mature tRNAs. We identified 333 stRNAs and 8,822 srRNAs that were responsive to heat stress. Moreover, the expression of stRNAs derived from tRNA-Val-CAC, tRNA-Thr-UGU, tRNA-Tyr-GUA and tRNA-Ser-UGA was not only up-regulated under heat stress but also induced by osmotic stress, suggesting that the increased cleavage of tRNAs might be a mechanism that developed in wheat seedlings to help them cope with adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qixin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yingyin Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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20
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Shavrukov Y. Comparison of SNP and CAPS markers application in genetic research in wheat and barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16 Suppl 1:11. [PMID: 26821936 PMCID: PMC4895257 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0689-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barley and bread wheat show large differences in frequencies of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) as determined from genome-wide studies. These frequencies have been estimated as 2.4-3 times higher in the entire barley genome than within each diploid genomes of wheat (A, B or D). However, barley SNPs within individual genes occur significantly more frequently than quoted. Differences between wheat and barley are based on the origin and evolutionary history of the species. Bread wheat contains rarer SNPs due to the double genetic 'bottle-neck' created by natural hybridisation and spontaneous polyploidisation. Furthermore, wheat has the lowest level of useful SNP-derived markers while barley is estimated to have the highest level of polymorphism. RESULTS Different strategies are required for the development of suitable molecular markers in these cereal species. For example, SNP markers based on high-throughput technology (Infinium or KASP) are very effective and useful in both barley and bread wheat. In contrast, Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS) are more widely and successfully employed in small-scale experiments with highly polymorphic genetic regions containing multiple SNPs in barley, but not in wheat. However, preliminary 'in silico' search databases for assessing the potential value of SNPs have yet to be developed. CONCLUSIONS This mini-review summarises results supporting the development of different strategies for the application of effective SNP and CAPS markers in wheat and barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Shavrukov
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.
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21
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Kosová K, Vítámvás P, Urban MO, Klíma M, Roy A, Prášil IT. Biological Networks Underlying Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Temperate Crops--A Proteomic Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20913-42. [PMID: 26340626 PMCID: PMC4613235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abiotic stress factors, especially low temperatures, drought, and salinity, represent the major constraints limiting agricultural production in temperate climate. Under the conditions of global climate change, the risk of damaging effects of abiotic stresses on crop production increases. Plant stress response represents an active process aimed at an establishment of novel homeostasis under altered environmental conditions. Proteins play a crucial role in plant stress response since they are directly involved in shaping the final phenotype. In the review, results of proteomic studies focused on stress response of major crops grown in temperate climate including cereals: common wheat (Triticum aestivum), durum wheat (Triticum durum), barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays); leguminous plants: alfalfa (Medicago sativa), soybean (Glycine max), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), pea (Pisum sativum); oilseed rape (Brassica napus); potato (Solanum tuberosum); tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum); tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum); and others, to a wide range of abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salinity, heat, imbalances in mineral nutrition and heavy metals) are summarized. The dynamics of changes in various protein functional groups including signaling and regulatory proteins, transcription factors, proteins involved in protein metabolism, amino acid metabolism, metabolism of several stress-related compounds, proteins with chaperone and protective functions as well as structural proteins (cell wall components, cytoskeleton) are briefly overviewed. Attention is paid to the differences found between differentially tolerant genotypes. In addition, proteomic studies aimed at proteomic investigation of multiple stress factors are discussed. In conclusion, contribution of proteomic studies to understanding the complexity of crop response to abiotic stresses as well as possibilities to identify and utilize protein markers in crop breeding processes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Kosová
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavel Vítámvás
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Milan Oldřich Urban
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Miroslav Klíma
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Amitava Roy
- Research Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Drnovská 507, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ilja Tom Prášil
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507/73, 16106 Prague, Czech Republic.
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22
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O'Driscoll A, Doohan F, Mullins E. Exploring the utility of Brachypodium distachyon as a model pathosystem for the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:132. [PMID: 25888730 PMCID: PMC4397700 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zymoseptoria tritici, the causative organism of Septoria tritici blotch disease is a prevalent biotic stressor of wheat production, exerting substantial economic constraints on farmers, requiring intensive chemical control to protect yields. A hemibiotrophic pathogen with a long asymptomless phase of up to 11 days post inoculation (dpi) before a rapid switch to necrotrophy; a deficit exists in our understanding of the events occurring within the host during the two phases of infection. Brachypodium distachyon has demonstrated its potential as a model species for the investigation of fungal disease resistance in cereal and grass species. The aim of this study was to assess the physical interaction between Z. tritici (strain IPO323) and B. distachyon and examine its potential as a model pathosystem for Z. tritici. RESULTS Septoria tritici blotch symptoms developed on the wheat cultivar Riband from 12 dpi with pycnidial formation abundant by 20 dpi. Symptoms on B. distachyon ecotype Bd21-1 were visible from 1 dpi: characteristic pale, water soaked lesions which developed into blotch-like lesions by 4 dpi. These lesions then became necrotic with chlorotic regions expanding up to 7 dpi. Sporulation on B. distachyon tissues was not observed and no evidence of fungal penetration could be obtained, indicating that Z. tritici was unable to complete its life cycle within B. distachyon ecotypes. However, observation of host responses to the Z. tritici strain IPO323 in five B. distachyon ecotypes revealed a variation in resistance responses, ranging from immunity to a chlorotic/necrotic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS The observed interactions suggest that B. distachyon is an incompatible host for Z. tritici infection, with STB symptom development on B. distachyon comparable to that observed during the early infection stages on the natural host, wheat. However first visible symptoms occurred more rapidly on B. distachyon; from 1 dpi in comparison to 12 dpi in wheat. Consequently, we propose that the interaction between B. distachyon and Z. tritici as observed in this study could serve as a suitable model pathosystem with which to investigate mechanisms underpinning an incompatible host response to Z. tritici.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife O'Driscoll
- Department of Crop Science, Teagasc Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland.
- UCD Earth Institute and UCD School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Fiona Doohan
- UCD Earth Institute and UCD School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Ewen Mullins
- Department of Crop Science, Teagasc Research Centre, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland.
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23
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Rudd JJ, Kanyuka K, Hassani-Pak K, Derbyshire M, Andongabo A, Devonshire J, Lysenko A, Saqi M, Desai NM, Powers SJ, Hooper J, Ambroso L, Bharti A, Farmer A, Hammond-Kosack KE, Dietrich RA, Courbot M. Transcriptome and metabolite profiling of the infection cycle of Zymoseptoria tritici on wheat reveals a biphasic interaction with plant immunity involving differential pathogen chromosomal contributions and a variation on the hemibiotrophic lifestyle definition. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:1158-85. [PMID: 25596183 PMCID: PMC4348787 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.255927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The hemibiotrophic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici causes Septoria tritici blotch disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Pathogen reproduction on wheat occurs without cell penetration, suggesting that dynamic and intimate intercellular communication occurs between fungus and plant throughout the disease cycle. We used deep RNA sequencing and metabolomics to investigate the physiology of plant and pathogen throughout an asexual reproductive cycle of Z. tritici on wheat leaves. Over 3,000 pathogen genes, more than 7,000 wheat genes, and more than 300 metabolites were differentially regulated. Intriguingly, individual fungal chromosomes contributed unequally to the overall gene expression changes. Early transcriptional down-regulation of putative host defense genes was detected in inoculated leaves. There was little evidence for fungal nutrient acquisition from the plant throughout symptomless colonization by Z. tritici, which may instead be utilizing lipid and fatty acid stores for growth. However, the fungus then subsequently manipulated specific plant carbohydrates, including fructan metabolites, during the switch to necrotrophic growth and reproduction. This switch coincided with increased expression of jasmonic acid biosynthesis genes and large-scale activation of other plant defense responses. Fungal genes encoding putative secondary metabolite clusters and secreted effector proteins were identified with distinct infection phase-specific expression patterns, although functional analysis suggested that many have overlapping/redundant functions in virulence. The pathogenic lifestyle of Z. tritici on wheat revealed through this study, involving initial defense suppression by a slow-growing extracellular and nutritionally limited pathogen followed by defense (hyper) activation during reproduction, reveals a subtle modification of the conceptual definition of hemibiotrophic plant infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J Rudd
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Kostya Kanyuka
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Keywan Hassani-Pak
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Mark Derbyshire
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Ambrose Andongabo
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Jean Devonshire
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Artem Lysenko
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Mansoor Saqi
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Nalini M Desai
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Stephen J Powers
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Juliet Hooper
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Linda Ambroso
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Arvind Bharti
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Andrew Farmer
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Kim E Hammond-Kosack
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Robert A Dietrich
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
| | - Mikael Courbot
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop Science (J.J.R., K.K., M.D., J.D., J.H., K.E.H.-K.) and Department of Computational and Systems Biology (K.H.-P., A.A., A.L., M.S., S.J.P.), Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertshire AL5 2JQ, United Kingdom;Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina 27713 (N.M.D.);Syngenta Biotechnology, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (L.A., A.B., R.A.D.);National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 (A.F.); andSyngenta Crop Protection AG, Crop Protection Research, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland (M.C.)
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