1
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He K, Yuan M, Wong Y, Chakram S, Seif A, Jiang L, Schuster DI. Efficient multimode Wigner tomography. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4138. [PMID: 38755182 PMCID: PMC11099137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Advancements in quantum system lifetimes and control have enabled the creation of increasingly complex quantum states, such as those on multiple bosonic cavity modes. When characterizing these states, traditional tomography scales exponentially with the number of modes in both computational and experimental measurement requirement, which becomes prohibitive as the system size increases. Here, we implement a state reconstruction method whose sampling requirement instead scales polynomially with system size, and thus mode number, for states that can be represented within such a polynomial subspace. We demonstrate this improved scaling with Wigner tomography of multimode entangled W states of up to 4 modes on a 3D circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) system. This approach performs similarly in efficiency to existing matrix inversion methods for 2 modes, and demonstrates a noticeable improvement for 3 and 4 modes, with even greater theoretical gains at higher mode numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin He
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Ming Yuan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yat Wong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Srivatsan Chakram
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Alireza Seif
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - David I Schuster
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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2
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Yang H, Li Z, Zhang S, Bohn JL, Cao L, Zhang S, Wang G, Xu H, Li Z. Channel Selection of Ultracold Atom-Molecule Scattering in Dynamic Magnetic Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:013402. [PMID: 35841560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.013402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that final states of ultracold molecules by scattering with atoms can be selectively produced using dynamic magnetic fields of multiple frequencies. We develop a multifrequency Floquet coupled channel method to study the channel selection by dynamic magnetic field control, which can be interpreted by a generalized quantum Zeno effect for the selected scattering channels. In particular, we use an atom-molecule spin-flip scattering to show that the transition to certain final states of the molecules in the inelastic scattering can be suppressed by engineered coupling between the Floquet states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zunqi Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Songbin Zhang
- Department of Physics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - John L Bohn
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Lushuai Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement & Hubei Key Laboratory of Gravitation and Quantum Physics, PGMF and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shutao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Gaoren Wang
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haitan Xu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, China
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3
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Linpeng X, Bresque L, Maffei M, Jordan AN, Auffèves A, Murch KW. Energetic Cost of Measurements Using Quantum, Coherent, and Thermal Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:220506. [PMID: 35714239 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.220506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum measurements are basic operations that play a critical role in the study and application of quantum information. We study how the use of quantum, coherent, and classical thermal states of light in a circuit quantum electrodynamics setup impacts the performance of quantum measurements, by comparing their respective measurement backaction and measurement signal to noise ratio per photon. In the strong dispersive limit, we find that thermal light is capable of performing quantum measurements with comparable efficiency to coherent light, both being outperformed by single-photon light. We then analyze the thermodynamic cost of each measurement scheme. We show that single-photon light shows an advantage in terms of energy cost per information gain, reaching the fundamental thermodynamic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayu Linpeng
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Léa Bresque
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Maria Maffei
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Andrew N Jordan
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Alexia Auffèves
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Kater W Murch
- Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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4
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Ma WL, Puri S, Schoelkopf RJ, Devoret MH, Girvin SM, Jiang L. Quantum control of bosonic modes with superconducting circuits. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1789-1805. [PMID: 36654386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bosonic modes have wide applications in various quantum technologies, such as optical photons for quantum communication, magnons in spin ensembles for quantum information storage and mechanical modes for reversible microwave-to-optical quantum transduction. There is emerging interest in utilizing bosonic modes for quantum information processing, with circuit quantum electrodynamics (circuit QED) as one of the leading architectures. Quantum information can be encoded into subspaces of a bosonic superconducting cavity mode with long coherence time. However, standard Gaussian operations (e.g., beam splitting and two-mode squeezing) are insufficient for universal quantum computing. The major challenge is to introduce additional nonlinear control beyond Gaussian operations without adding significant bosonic loss or decoherence. Here we review recent advances in universal control of a single bosonic code with superconducting circuits, including unitary control, quantum feedback control, driven-dissipative control and holonomic dissipative control. Various approaches to entangling different bosonic modes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China; Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Shruti Puri
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Robert J Schoelkopf
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Michel H Devoret
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - S M Girvin
- Department of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA; Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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5
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Chakram S, Oriani AE, Naik RK, Dixit AV, He K, Agrawal A, Kwon H, Schuster DI. Seamless High-Q Microwave Cavities for Multimode Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:107701. [PMID: 34533363 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.107701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multimode cavity quantum electrodynamics-where a two-level system interacts simultaneously with many cavity modes-provides a versatile framework for quantum information processing and quantum optics. Because of the combination of long coherence times and large interaction strengths, one of the leading experimental platforms for cavity QED involves coupling a superconducting circuit to a 3D microwave cavity. In this work, we realize a 3D multimode circuit QED system with single photon lifetimes of 2 ms across 9 modes of a novel seamless cavity. We demonstrate a variety of protocols for universal single-mode quantum control applicable across all cavity modes, using only a single drive line. We achieve this by developing a straightforward flute method for creating monolithic superconducting microwave cavities that reduces loss while simultaneously allowing control of the mode spectrum and mode-qubit interaction. We highlight the flexibility and ease of implementation of this technique by using it to fabricate a variety of 3D cavity geometries, providing a template for engineering multimode quantum systems with exceptionally low dissipation. This work is an important step towards realizing hardware efficient random access quantum memories and processors, and for exploring quantum many-body physics with photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srivatsan Chakram
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Andrew E Oriani
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ravi K Naik
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Akash V Dixit
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Kevin He
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Ankur Agrawal
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Hyeokshin Kwon
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - David I Schuster
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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6
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Cai W, Han J, Hu L, Ma Y, Mu X, Wang W, Xu Y, Hua Z, Wang H, Song YP, Zhang JN, Zou CL, Sun L. High-Efficiency Arbitrary Quantum Operation on a High-Dimensional Quantum System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:090504. [PMID: 34506165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.090504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate quantum systems lies at the heart of the development of quantum technology. The ultimate goal of quantum control is to realize arbitrary quantum operations (AQUOs) for all possible open quantum system dynamics. However, the demanding extra physical resources impose great obstacles. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a universal approach of AQUO on a photonic qudit with the minimum physical resource of a two-level ancilla and a log_{2}d-scale circuit depth for a d-dimensional system. The AQUO is then applied in a quantum trajectory simulation for quantum subspace stabilization and quantum Zeno dynamics, as well as incoherent manipulation and generalized measurements of the qudit. Therefore, the demonstrated AQUO for complete quantum control would play an indispensable role in quantum information science.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Cai
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J Han
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - L Hu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - X Mu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y Xu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Z Hua
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - H Wang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Y P Song
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - J-N Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - C-L Zou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - L Sun
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Peronnin T, Marković D, Ficheux Q, Huard B. Sequential Dispersive Measurement of a Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:180502. [PMID: 32441960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.180502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a superconducting device that realizes the sequential measurement of a transmon qubit. The device disables common limitations of dispersive readout such as Purcell effect or transients in the cavity mode by turning on and off the coupling to the measurement channel on demand. The qubit measurement begins by loading a readout resonator that is coupled to the qubit. After an optimal interaction time with negligible loss, a microwave pump releases the content of the readout mode by upconversion into a measurement line in a characteristic time as low as 10 ns, which is 400 times shorter than the lifetime of the readout resonator. A direct measurement of the released field quadratures demonstrates a readout fidelity of 97.5% in a total measurement time of 220 ns. The Wigner tomography of the readout mode allows us to characterize the non-Gaussian nature of the readout mode and its dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Peronnin
- Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - D Marković
- Unité Mixte de Physique, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Q Ficheux
- Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - B Huard
- Université Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
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8
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Cian ZP, Zhu G, Chu SK, Seif A, DeGottardi W, Jiang L, Hafezi M. Photon Pair Condensation by Engineered Dissipation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:063602. [PMID: 31491141 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.063602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation can usually induce detrimental decoherence in a quantum system. However, engineered dissipation can be used to prepare and stabilize coherent quantum many-body states. Here, we show that, by engineering dissipators containing photon pair operators, one can stabilize an exotic dark state, which is a condensate of photon pairs with a phase-nematic order. In this system, the usual superfluid order parameter, i.e., single-photon correlation, is absent, while the photon pair correlation exhibits long-range order. Although the dark state is not unique due to multiple parity sectors, we devise an additional type of dissipators to stabilize the dark state in a particular parity sector via a diffusive annihilation process which obeys Glauber dynamics in an Ising model. Furthermore, we propose an implementation of these photon pair dissipators in circuit-QED architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Pei Cian
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Su-Kuan Chu
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alireza Seif
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Wade DeGottardi
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Departments of Applied Physics and Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Yale Quantum Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Mohammad Hafezi
- Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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9
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Guo X, Zou CL, Jiang L, Tang HX. All-Optical Control of Linear and Nonlinear Energy Transfer via the Zeno Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:203902. [PMID: 29864354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.203902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microresonator-based nonlinear processes are fundamental to applications including microcomb generation, parametric frequency conversion, and harmonics generation. While nonlinear processes involving either second- (χ^{(2)}) or third- (χ^{(3)}) order nonlinearity have been extensively studied, the interaction between these two basic nonlinear processes has seldom been reported. In this paper we demonstrate a coherent interplay between second- and third- order nonlinear processes. The parametric (χ^{(2)}) coupling to a lossy ancillary mode shortens the lifetime of the target photonic mode and suppresses its density of states, preventing the photon emissions into the target photonic mode via the Zeno effect. Such an effect is then used to control the stimulated four-wave mixing process and realize a suppression ratio of 34.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Hong X Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
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10
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Hacohen-Gourgy S, García-Pintos LP, Martin LS, Dressel J, Siddiqi I. Incoherent Qubit Control Using the Quantum Zeno Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:020505. [PMID: 29376684 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.020505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The quantum Zeno effect is the suppression of Hamiltonian evolution by repeated observation, which pins the system to an eigenstate of the measurement observable. Using measurement alone, control of the state can be achieved if the observable is slowly varied, so that the state tracks the now time-dependent eigenstate. We demonstrate this using a circuit-QED readout technique that couples to a dynamically controllable observable of a qubit. Continuous monitoring of the measurement record allows us to detect an escape from the eigenstate, thus serving as a built-in form of error detection. We show this by postselecting on realizations with high fidelity with respect to the target state. Our dynamical measurement operator technique offers a new tool for numerous forms of quantum feedback protocols, including adaptive measurements and rapid state purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hacohen-Gourgy
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - L P García-Pintos
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
| | - L S Martin
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Dressel
- Institute for Quantum Studies, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, USA
| | - I Siddiqi
- Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Center for Quantum Coherent Science, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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11
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Li DX, Shao XQ, Wu JH, Yi XX. Engineering steady-state entanglement via dissipation and quantum Zeno dynamics in an optical cavity. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3904-3907. [PMID: 28957157 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new mechanism is proposed for dissipatively preparing maximal Bell entangled state of two atoms in an optical cavity. This scheme integrates the spontaneous emission, the light shift of atoms in the presence of dispersive microwave field, and the quantum Zeno dynamics induced by continuous coupling, to obtain a unique steady state irrespective of initial state. Even for a large cavity decay, a high-fidelity entangled state is achievable at a short convergence time, since the occupation of the cavity mode is inhibited by the Zeno requirement. Therefore, a low single-atom cooperativity C=g2/(κγ) is good enough for realizing a high fidelity of entanglement in a wide range of decoherence parameters. As a straightforward extension, the feasibility for preparation of two-atom Knill-Laflamme-Milburn state with the same mechanism is also discussed.
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12
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Elouard C, Herrera-Martí D, Huard B, Auffèves A. Extracting Work from Quantum Measurement in Maxwell's Demon Engines. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:260603. [PMID: 28707947 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.260603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The essence of both classical and quantum engines is to extract useful energy (work) from stochastic energy sources, e.g., thermal baths. In Maxwell's demon engines, work extraction is assisted by a feedback control based on measurements performed by a demon, whose memory is erased at some nonzero energy cost. Here we propose a new type of quantum Maxwell's demon engine where work is directly extracted from the measurement channel, such that no heat bath is required. We show that in the Zeno regime of frequent measurements, memory erasure costs eventually vanish. Our findings provide a new paradigm to analyze quantum heat engines and work extraction in the quantum world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Elouard
- CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Benjamin Huard
- Laboratoire de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Ecole Normale Supérieure-PSL Research University, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Diderot-Sorbonne Paris Cité, 24 rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Alexia Auffèves
- CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
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13
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Harrington PM, Monroe JT, Murch KW. Quantum Zeno Effects from Measurement Controlled Qubit-Bath Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:240401. [PMID: 28665648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.240401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Zeno and anti-Zeno effects are features of measurement-driven quantum evolution where frequent measurement inhibits or accelerates the decay of a quantum state. Either type of evolution can emerge depending on the system-environment interaction and measurement method. In this experiment, we use a superconducting qubit to map out both types of Zeno effect in the presence of structured noise baths and variable measurement rates. We observe both the suppression and acceleration of qubit decay as repeated measurements are used to modulate the qubit spectrum causing the qubit to sample different portions of the bath. We compare the Zeno effects arising from dispersive energy measurements and purely dephasing "quasimeasurements," showing energy measurements are not necessary to accelerate or suppress the decay process.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Harrington
- Department of Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - J T Monroe
- Department of Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - K W Murch
- Department of Physics, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
- Institute for Materials Science and Engineering, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
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14
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15
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Kalb N, Cramer J, Twitchen DJ, Markham M, Hanson R, Taminiau TH. Experimental creation of quantum Zeno subspaces by repeated multi-spin projections in diamond. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13111. [PMID: 27713397 PMCID: PMC5059787 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated observations inhibit the coherent evolution of quantum states through the quantum Zeno effect. In multi-qubit systems this effect provides opportunities to control complex quantum states. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that repeatedly projecting joint observables of multiple spins creates quantum Zeno subspaces and simultaneously suppresses the dephasing caused by a quasi-static environment. We encode up to two logical qubits in these subspaces and show that the enhancement of the dephasing time with increasing number of projections follows a scaling law that is independent of the number of spins involved. These results provide experimental insight into the interplay between frequent multi-spin measurements and slowly varying noise and pave the way for tailoring the dynamics of multi-qubit systems through repeated projections. Repeated observations of quantum states inhibit coherent evolution through the Zeno effect, providing opportunities for controlling multi-qubit systems. Here the authors demonstrate that projecting joint observables of three spins in diamond creates quantum Zeno subspaces that suppress dephasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kalb
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | - J Cramer
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | - D J Twitchen
- Element Six Innovation, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QR, UK
| | - M Markham
- Element Six Innovation, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QR, UK
| | - R Hanson
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
| | - T H Taminiau
- QuTech, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, Delft 2600 GA, The Netherlands
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16
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Lin Y, Gaebler JP, Reiter F, Tan TR, Bowler R, Wan Y, Keith A, Knill E, Glancy S, Coakley K, Sørensen AS, Leibfried D, Wineland DJ. Preparation of Entangled States through Hilbert Space Engineering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:140502. [PMID: 27740826 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.140502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We apply laser fields to trapped atomic ions to constrain the quantum dynamics from a simultaneously applied global microwave field to an initial product state and a target entangled state. This approach comes under what has become known in the literature as "quantum Zeno dynamics" and we use it to prepare entangled states of two and three ions. With two trapped ^{9}Be^{+} ions, we obtain Bell state fidelities up to 0.990_{-5}^{+2}; with three ions, a W-state fidelity of 0.910_{-7}^{+4} is obtained. Compared to other methods of producing entanglement in trapped ions, this procedure can be relatively insensitive to certain imperfections such as fluctuations in laser intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lin
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - J P Gaebler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - F Reiter
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - T R Tan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - R Bowler
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Y Wan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A Keith
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - E Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - S Glancy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - K Coakley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - A S Sørensen
- The Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - D Leibfried
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - D J Wineland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
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17
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Mirhosseini M, Magaña-Loaiza OS, Chen C, Hashemi Rafsanjani SM, Boyd RW. Wigner Distribution of Twisted Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:130402. [PMID: 27081961 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.130402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the first experimental characterization of the azimuthal Wigner distribution of a photon. Our protocol fully characterizes the transverse structure of a photon in conjugate bases of orbital angular momentum (OAM) and azimuthal angle. We provide a test of our protocol by characterizing pure superpositions and incoherent mixtures of OAM modes in a seven-dimensional space. The time required for performing measurements in our scheme scales only linearly with the dimension size of the state under investigation. This time scaling makes our technique suitable for quantum information applications involving a large number of OAM states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mirhosseini
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Omar S Magaña-Loaiza
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | - Changchen Chen
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
| | | | - Robert W Boyd
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
- Department of Physics and Max Planck Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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18
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Barontini G, Hohmann L, Haas F, Esteve J, Reichel J. Deterministic generation of multiparticle entanglement by quantum Zeno dynamics. Science 2015; 349:1317-21. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa0754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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