1
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Buren B, Zhang J, Li Y. Quantum Dynamics Studies of the Li + Na 2 ( V = 0, j = 0) → Na + NaLi Reaction on a New Neural Network Potential Energy Surface. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:5115-5127. [PMID: 38889710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c01891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The ultracold reaction offers a unique opportunity to elucidate the intricate microscopic mechanism of chemical reactions, and the Na2Li system serves as a pivotal reaction system in the investigation of ultracold reactions. In this work, a high-precision potential energy surface (PES) of the Na2Li system is constructed based on high-level ab initio energy points and the neural network (NN) method, and a proper asymptotic functional form is adopted for the long-range interaction, which is suitable for the study of cold or ultracold collisions. Based on the new NN PES, the dynamics of the Li + Na2 (v = 0, j = 0) → Na + NaLi reaction are studied in the collision energy range of 10-7 to 80 cm-1. In the high collision energy range of 8 to 80 cm-1, the dynamics of the reaction is studied using the time-dependent wave packet method and the statistical quantum mechanical (SQM) method. Comparing the results of the two methods, it is found that the SQM method provides a rough description of the product ro-vibrational state distribution but overestimates the integral cross-section values. With the decrease of collision energy, the reaction differential cross section gradually changes from forward-backward symmetric scattering to predominant forward scattering. In the low collision energy range from 10-7 to 8 cm-1, the SQM method is used to study the reaction dynamics, and the rate constant in the Wigner threshold region is estimated to be 2.87 × 10-10 cm3/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayaer Buren
- School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
| | - Jiapeng Zhang
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Department of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
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2
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Mao Y, Yang Z, Buren B, Chen M. Unveiling Quantum Interference in the D + + H 2 Nonadiabatic Reaction Dynamics at Low Collision Energies. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:420-430. [PMID: 38174889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Fully converged nonadiabatic dynamics calculations of the D+ + H2 → H+ + HD reaction are performed at low temperatures using the time-dependent wave packet approach based on a set of precise 3 × 3 diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) ( Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 7735-7747, DOI: 10.1039/D0CP04100A). The D+ + H2 reaction is mediated by a dense manifold of resonances associated with the deep potential well on the ground-state PES. The calculated results show that the nonadiabatic coupling can affect the resonance positions, deviating from the expectation based solely on adiabatic considerations. Furthermore, significant forward-backward asymmetry in total differential cross sections (DCSs) is revealed, which is markedly influenced by nonadiabatic effects. The nonadiabatic effects not only affect the contribution of partial waves in the reaction but also make the interference patterns in the DCSs change significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
| | - Bayaer Buren
- School of Science, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, PR China
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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3
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Xie Y, Han J, Wen L, Li Z, Xiao Y, Wang T, Yang X, Yang T. Enhanced Total Vibrational Excitation Yield in a Slow Narrow-Pulsed Hydrogen Molecular Beam. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:11603-11609. [PMID: 38100090 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
High-efficiency excitation of a molecular beam is critical for investigating state-selected chemistry. However, achieving vibrational excitation of the entire beam for Raman-active molecules such as H2 proves extremely challenging, primarily because laser pulses are much shorter than the molecular beam. In this study, we achieve a total excitation efficiency of over 20% by employing stimulated Raman pumping (SRP) in a slow, narrow-pulsed molecular beam. Through optimizing the intensity and spot shape of the SRP lasers, we attain saturated excitation within the laser crossing region. Furthermore, by reducing the beam velocity and narrowing the beam pulse using a cold valve and a fast chopper, we significantly enhance the total excitation yield. COMSOL simulation and a newly developed model reveal that a critical velocity allows the chopper to block unexcited molecules and reserve most of the excited ones from the beam, resulting in the highest overall excitation yield. This innovative setup opens new possibilities for state-selected experiments in surface science and ion-molecule reaction dynamics, particularly involving weak transitions and pulsed lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurun Xie
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Advanced Light Source, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Institute of Advanced Science Facilities, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Jie Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Advanced Light Source, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Liping Wen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Advanced Light Source, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Advanced Light Source, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Advanced Light Source, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Advanced Light Source, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Advanced Light Source, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Tiangang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, and Center for Advanced Light Source, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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4
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He D, Li W, Li Q, Chen S, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang M. The impact of non-adiabatic effects on reaction dynamics: a study based on the adiabatic and non-adiabatic potential energy surfaces of CaH 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22744-22754. [PMID: 37605513 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02416d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The two-state non-adiabatic potential energy matrices of the CaH2+ system are calculated via a diabatization approach by using a neural network model. Subsequently, the adiabatic and non-adiabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) are constructed based on these non-adiabatic potential energy matrices. Furthermore, based on the adiabatic and non-adiabatic PESs, the Ca+(4s2S) + H2(X1Σ+g) → H(2S) + CaH+(X1Σ+) reaction is studied using the time-dependent wave packet method. Comparative analysis of the experimental and theoretical integral reaction cross-sections (ICSs) indicates that the maximum deviation between the results obtained from the adiabatic PES and the corresponding experimental value is 12.7 bohr2; in contrast, the maximum discrepancy between the theoretical result derived from the non-adiabatic PES and the experimental value is merely 0.42 bohr2. The potential well along the reaction path acts as a 'filter', selectively guiding intermediates with longer lifetimes in the potential well back to the reactant channel. This phenomenon indicates that the non-adiabatic effects significantly influence the reaction dynamics of the CaH2+ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Wentao Li
- Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang 262700, China
| | - Quanjiang Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Shenghui Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Li Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Yanli Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Meishan Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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5
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Observation of resonances in the transition state region of the F + NH 3 reaction using anion photoelectron spectroscopy. Nat Chem 2023; 15:194-199. [PMID: 36509851 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01100-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transition state of a chemical reaction is a dividing surface on the reaction potential energy surface (PES) between reactants and products and is thus of fundamental interest in understanding chemical reactivity. The transient nature of the transition state presents challenges to its experimental characterization. Transition-state spectroscopy experiments based on negative-ion photodetachment can provide a direct probe of this region of the PES, revealing the detailed vibrational structure associated with the transition state. Here we study the F + NH3 → HF + NH2 reaction using slow photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy of cryogenically cooled FNH3- anions. Reduced-dimensionality quantum dynamical simulations performed on a global PES show excellent agreement with the experimental results, enabling the assignment of spectral structure. Our combined experimental-theoretical study reveals a manifold of vibrational Feshbach resonances in the product well of the F + NH3 PES. At higher energies, the spectra identify features attributed to resonances localized across the transition state and into the reactant complex that may impact the bimolecular reaction dynamics.
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6
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Wang Y, Huang J, Wang W, Du T, Xie Y, Ma Y, Xiao C, Zhang Z, Zhang DH, Yang X. Stereodynamical control of the H + HD → H 2 + D reaction through HD reagent alignment. Science 2023; 379:191-195. [PMID: 36634162 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade7471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prealigning nonpolar reacting molecules leads to large stereodynamical effects because of their weak steering interaction en route to the reaction barrier. However, experimental limitations in preparing aligned molecules efficiently have hindered the investigation of steric effects in bimolecular reactions involving hydrogen. Here, we report a high-resolution crossed-beam study of the reaction H + HD(v = 1, j = 2) → H2(v', j') + D at collision energies of 0.50, 1.20, and 2.07 electron volts in which the vibrationally excited hydrogen deuteride (HD) molecules were prepared in two collision configurations, with their bond preferentially aligned parallel and perpendicular to the relative velocity of collision partners. Notable stereodynamical effects in differential cross sections were observed. Quantum dynamics calculations revealed that strong constructive interference in the perpendicular configuration plays an important role in the stereodynamical effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yurun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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7
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He C, Luo Y, Doddipatla S, Yang Z, Millar TJ, Sun R, Kaiser RI. Gas-phase formation of silicon monoxide via non-adiabatic reaction dynamics and its role as a building block of interstellar silicates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19761-19772. [PMID: 35971984 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silicon monoxide (SiO) is classified as a key precursor and fundamental molecular building block to interstellar silicate nanoparticles, which play an essential role in the synthesis of molecular building blocks connected to the Origins of Life. In the cold interstellar medium, silicon monoxide is of critical importance in initiating a series of elementary chemical reactions leading to larger silicon oxides and eventually to silicates. To date, the fundamental formation mechanisms and chemical dynamics leading to gas phase silicon monoxide have remained largely elusive. Here, through a concerted effort between crossed molecular beam experiments and electronic structure calculations, it is revealed that instead of forming highly-stable silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon monoxide can be formed via a barrierless, exoergic, single-collision event between ground state molecular oxygen and atomic silicon involving non-adiabatic reaction dynamics through various intersystem crossings. Our research affords persuasive evidence for a likely source of highly rovibrationally excited silicon monoxide in cold molecular clouds thus initiating the complex chain of exoergic reactions leading ultimately to a population of silicates at low temperatures in our Galaxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Srinivas Doddipatla
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Zhenghai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Tom J Millar
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, University Road, Belfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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8
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Mao Y, Buren B, Yang Z, Chen M. Time-dependent wave packet dynamics study of the resonances in the H + LiH +( v = 0, j = 0) → Li + + H 2 reaction at low collision energies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15532-15539. [PMID: 35713276 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05601h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The depletion process of LiH+ by H collision plays an important role in the evolution of the early universe and astrophysical processes, including the eventual charge-states, abundances of atomic and molecular species and ensuing astrochemistry. Here, a quantum dynamics study on the H + LiH+(v = 0, j = 0) → Li+ + H2 reaction is performed at the low collision energy range from 0.1 meV to 10 meV using the time-dependent wave packet method. A Feshbach resonance peak is observed near 0.8 meV collision energy on the total reaction probability curves. This resonance originates from the coupling with the v = 0, j = 1 energy level of the reactant LiH+, and it is dominated by the contributions of J = 0-4 partial waves. Another partial wave resonance is also found on the total integral cross section at 1.2 meV, which is closely connected to the opening of the J = 7 partial wave. The opening of the J = 7 partial wave generates a notable forward scattering peak, and the Feshbach resonance can promote both the forward and backward scatterings. Moreover, the total and product vibrational state-resolved rate coefficients for the temperature range of 1-100 K are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Bayaer Buren
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China.
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9
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Meng Q, Chen J, Ma J, Zhang X, Chen J. Adiabatic models for the quantum dynamics of surface scattering with lattice effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16415-16436. [PMID: 35766107 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this contribution, we review models for the lattice effects in quantum dynamics calculations on surface scattering, which is important to modeling heterogeneous catalysis for achieving an interpretation of experimental measurements. Unlike dynamics models for reactions in the gas phase, those for heterogeneous reactions have to include the effects of the surface. For manageable computational costs in calculations, the effects of static surface (SS) are firstly modeled as this is simply and easily implemented. Then, the SS model has to be improved to include the effects of the flexible surface, that is the lattice effects. To do this, various surface models have been designed where the coordinates of the surface atoms are introduced in the Hamiltonian operator, especially those of the top surface atom. Based on this model Hamiltonian operator, extensive multi-dimension quantum dynamics calculations can be performed to recover the lattice effects. Here, we first review an overview of the techniques in constructing the Hamiltonian operator, which is a sum of the kinetic energy operator (KEO) and potential energy surface (PES). Since the PES containing the coordinates of the surface atoms in a cell is still expensive, the SS model is often accepted. We consider a mathematical model, called the coupled harmonic oscillator (CHO) model, to introduce the concepts of adiabatic and diabatic representations for separating the molecule and surface. Under the adiabatic model, we further introduce the expansion model where the potential function is Taylor expanded around the optimized geometry of the surface. By an expansion model truncated at the first and second order, various coupling surface models between the molecule and surface are derived. Moreover, by further and deeply understanding the adiabatic representation, an effective Hamiltonian operator is obtained by optimizing the total wave function in factorized form. By this factorized form of wave function and effective Hamiltonian operator, the geometry phase of the surface wave function is theoretically found. This theoretical prediction may be measured by carefully designing experiments. Finally, discussions on the adiabatic representation, the PES construction, and possibility of the classical-dynamics solutions are given. Based on these discussions, a simple outlook on the dynamics of photocatalytics is finally given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, West Youyi Road 127, 710072 Xi'an, China.
| | - Junbo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, West Youyi Road 127, 710072 Xi'an, China. .,Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, China North Industries Group Corp., Ltd., East Zhangba Road 168, 710065 Xi'an, China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, West Youyi Road 127, 710072 Xi'an, China.
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, West Youyi Road 127, 710072 Xi'an, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangqiao Road West 155, 350002 Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Optoelectronic Industry Base at High-tech Zone, 350108 Fuzhou, China
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10
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Perera CA, Zuo J, Guo H, Suits AG. Differential Cross Sections for Cold, State-to-State Spin-Orbit Changing Collisions of NO( v = 10) with Neon. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3338-3346. [PMID: 35605132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inelastic scattering processes have proven a powerful means of investigating molecular interactions, and much current effort is focused on the cold and ultracold regime where quantum phenomena are clearly manifested. Studies of collisions of the open shell nitric oxide (NO) molecule have been central in this effort since the pioneering work of Houston and co-workers in the early 1990s. State-to-state scattering of vibrationally excited molecules in the cold regime introduces challenges that test the suitability of current theoretical methods for ab initio determination of intermolecular potentials, and concomitant electronically nonadiabatic processes raise the bar further. Here we report measurements of differential cross sections for state-to-state spin-orbit changing collisions of NO (v = 10, Ω″ = 1.5, and j″ = 1.5) with neon from 2.3 to 3.5 cm-1 collision energy using our recently developed near-copropagating beam technique. The experimental results are compared with those obtained from quantum scattering calculations on a high-level set of coupled cluster potential energy surfaces and are shown to be in good agreement. The theoretical results suggest that distinct backscattering in the 2.3 cm-1 case arises from overlapping resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatura A Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Junxiang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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11
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He C, Goettl SJ, Yang Z, Kaiser RI, Nikolayev AA, Azyazov VN, Mebel AM. Gas-Phase Preparation of Subvalent Germanium Monoxide (GeO, X 1Σ+) via Non-Adiabatic Reaction Dynamics in the Exit Channel. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4589-4597. [PMID: 35584300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The subvalent germanium monoxide (GeO, X1Σ+) molecule has been prepared via the elementary reaction of atomic germanium (Ge, 3Pj) and molecular oxygen (O2, X3Σg-) with each reactant in its electronic ground state by means of single-collision conditions. The merging of electronic structure calculations with crossed beam experiments suggests that the formation of germanium monoxide (GeO, X1Σ+) commences on the singlet surface through unimolecular decomposition of a linear singlet collision complex (GeOO, i1, C∞v, 1Σ+) via intersystem crossing (ISC) yielding nearly exclusively germanium monoxide (GeO, X1Σ+) along with atomic oxygen in its electronic ground state [p1, O(3P)]. These results provide a sophisticated reaction mechanism of the germanium-oxygen system and demonstrate the efficient "heavy atom effect" of germanium in ISC yielding (nearly) exclusive singlet germanium monoxide and triplet atomic oxygen compared to similar systems (carbon dioxide and dinitrogen monoxide), in which non-adiabatic reaction dynamics represent only minor channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Shane J Goettl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Zhenghai Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai'i at Ma̅noa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Anatoliy A Nikolayev
- Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russia
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Valeriy N Azyazov
- Samara National Research University, Samara 443086, Russia
- Lebedev Physical Institute, Samara 443011, Russia
| | - Alexander M Mebel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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12
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Zhou H, Perreault WE, Mukherjee N, Zare RN. Anisotropic dynamics of resonant scattering between a pair of cold aligned diatoms. Nat Chem 2022; 14:658-663. [PMID: 35501483 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00926-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The collision dynamics between a pair of aligned molecules in the presence of a partial-wave resonance provide the most sensitive probe of the long-range anisotropic forces important to chemical reactions. Here we control the collision temperature and geometry to probe the dynamics of cold (1-3 K) rotationally inelastic scattering of a pair of optically state-prepared D2 molecules. The collision temperature is manipulated by combining the gating action of laser state preparation and detection with the velocity dispersion of the molecular beam. When the bond axes of both molecules are aligned parallel to the collision velocity, the scattering rate drops by a factor of 3.5 as collision energies >2.1 K are removed, suggesting a geometry-dependent resonance. Partial-wave analysis of the measured angular distribution supports a shape resonance within the centrifugal barrier of the l = 2 incoming orbital. Our experiment illustrates the strong anisotropy of the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction that controls the dynamics of resonant scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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13
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Lomas JD, Lin A, Dikker S, Forster D, Lupetti ML, Huisman G, Habekost J, Beardow C, Pandey P, Ahmad N, Miyapuram K, Mullen T, Cooper P, van der Maden W, Cross ES. Resonance as a Design Strategy for AI and Social Robots. Front Neurorobot 2022; 16:850489. [PMID: 35574227 PMCID: PMC9097027 DOI: 10.3389/fnbot.2022.850489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Resonance, a powerful and pervasive phenomenon, appears to play a major role in human interactions. This article investigates the relationship between the physical mechanism of resonance and the human experience of resonance, and considers possibilities for enhancing the experience of resonance within human-robot interactions. We first introduce resonance as a widespread cultural and scientific metaphor. Then, we review the nature of "sympathetic resonance" as a physical mechanism. Following this introduction, the remainder of the article is organized in two parts. In part one, we review the role of resonance (including synchronization and rhythmic entrainment) in human cognition and social interactions. Then, in part two, we review resonance-related phenomena in robotics and artificial intelligence (AI). These two reviews serve as ground for the introduction of a design strategy and combinatorial design space for shaping resonant interactions with robots and AI. We conclude by posing hypotheses and research questions for future empirical studies and discuss a range of ethical and aesthetic issues associated with resonance in human-robot interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Derek Lomas
- Department of Human Centered Design, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Albert Lin
- Center for Human Frontiers, Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Suzanne Dikker
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Deborah Forster
- Center for Human Frontiers, Qualcomm Institute, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Maria Luce Lupetti
- Department of Human Centered Design, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Gijs Huisman
- Department of Human Centered Design, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Julika Habekost
- The Design Lab, California Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Caiseal Beardow
- Department of Human Centered Design, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Pankaj Pandey
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Nashra Ahmad
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Krishna Miyapuram
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Tim Mullen
- Intheon Labs, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Patrick Cooper
- Department of Physics, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Willem van der Maden
- Department of Human Centered Design, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Emily S. Cross
- Social Robotics, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, School of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- SOBA Lab, School of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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14
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Zhao B, Pan JW. Quantum control of reactions and collisions at ultralow temperatures. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1685-1701. [PMID: 35169822 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01040a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
At temperatures close to absolute zero, the molecular reactions and collisions are dominantly governed by quantum mechanics. Remarkable quantum phenomena such as quantum tunneling, quantum threshold behavior, quantum resonances, quantum interference, and quantum statistics are expected to be the main features in ultracold reactions and collisions. Ultracold molecules offer great opportunities and challenges in the study of these intriguing quantum phenomena in molecular processes. In this article, we review the recent progress in the preparation of ultracold molecules and the study of ultracold reactions and collisions using ultracold molecules. We focus on the controlled ultracold chemistry and the scattering resonances at ultralow temperatures. The challenges in understanding the complex ultracold reactions and collisions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. .,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China. .,Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China.,Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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15
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Product Vibrational State Distributions of the F CH 3OH Reaction on a Full-Dimensional Accurate Potential Energy Surface. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2111252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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16
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Xu X, Chen J, Lu X, Fang W, Liu S, Zhang DH. Strong non-Arrhenius behavior at low temperatures in the OH + HCl → H 2O + Cl reaction due to resonance induced quantum tunneling. Chem Sci 2022; 13:7955-7961. [PMID: 35865883 PMCID: PMC9258319 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01958b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The OH + HCl reaction possesses many Feshbach resonances trapped in the hydrogen bond well in the entrance channel, which substantially enhance the reaction rates at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structure Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China
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17
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Voute A, Gatti F, Møller KB, Henriksen NE. Femtochemistry of bimolecular reactions from weakly bound complexes: computational study of the H + H'OD → H'OH + D or HOD + H' exchange reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27207-27226. [PMID: 34850799 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04391a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A full-dimensional wavepacket propagation describing the bimolecular exchange reactions H + H'OD → H'OH + D or HOD + H' initiated by photolysis of HCl in the hydrogen-bound complex (HCl)⋯(HOD) is reported. The dynamics of this reaction is carried out with the MCTDH method on an ab initio potential energy surface (PES) of H3O and the initial state is derived from the ground state wavefunction of the complex obtained by relaxation on its own electronic ground state ab initio PES. The description of the system makes use of polyspherical coordinates parametrizing a set of Radau and Jacobi vectors. The calculated energy- and time-resolved reaction probabilities show, owing to the large collision energies at play stemming from the (almost full) photolysis of HCl, that the repulsion between oxygen in the H'OD molecule and the incoming hydrogen atom is the main feature of the collision and leads to non-reactive scattering. No abstraction reaction products are observed. However, both exchange processes are still observable, with a preference in O-H' bond dissociation over that of O-D. The selectivity is reversed upon vibrational pre-excitation of the O-D stretching mode in the H'OD molecule. It is shown that, after the collision, the hydrogen atom of HCl does most likely not encounter the almost stationary chlorine atom again but we also consider the limit case where the H atom is forced to collide multiple times against H'OD as a result of being pushed back by the Cl atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Voute
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Fabien Gatti
- ISMO, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay - UMR 8214 CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Niels E Henriksen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 206, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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18
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Bai Y, Buren B, Yang Z, Zhou B, Chen M. Feshbach resonances in D + HD(v = 1, j = 0) reaction at low collision energies. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:2334-2340. [PMID: 34613618 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Feshbach resonances in D + HD(v = 1, j = 0) reaction are studied by using the time-independent quantum method. The integral cross section (ICS) results present three Feshbach resonance peaks, which are different from H + HD(v = 1, j = 0) reaction dominated by only one peak. These resonances are attributed to coupling with adiabatic effective potentials of D + HD(v = 1, j = 1) reaction, and the most obvious peak is contributed by J = 1 at 83.16 cm-1 collision energy. For J = 0 and 2, the resonances are related with the same L partial wave and present a double-peak structure in total ICS. The characteristics of product angular distribution show that the resonance of J = 1 is long-lived, while the lifetimes are relatively shorter for the resonance of J = 0 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Bayaer Buren
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Boyi Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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19
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Fang JH, Fan WB, Yang H, Song JN, Li YL. Rate coefficients and kinetic isotope effects of Cl+XCl→XCl+Cl (X=H, D, Mu) reactions from ring polymer molecular dynamics. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2007117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-hua Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Wen-bin Fan
- Department of Physics, International Center for Quantum and Molecular Structures, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Physics, International Center for Quantum and Molecular Structures, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jia-ning Song
- Department of Physics, International Center for Quantum and Molecular Structures, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yong-le Li
- Department of Physics, International Center for Quantum and Molecular Structures, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of High Temperature Superconductors, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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20
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Liu S, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhang DH. Feshbach Resonances in the Vibrationally Excited F + HOD( vOH/ vOD = 1) Reaction Due to Chemical Bond Softening. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:6090-6094. [PMID: 34170706 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Experiments and theories showed the ground-state reaction F + H2O → HF + OH possesses Feshbach resonances trapped in the hydrogen bond well in the product region. However, it is not clear whether F + H2O and its isotopic analogues have the same Feshbach resonances caused by chemical bond softening as those in the F + H2/HD. Here, we reported state-to-state quantum dynamics studies of the F + HOD(vOH = 1) → HF + OD and F + HOD(vOD = 1) → DF + OH reactions on an accurate neural network potential energy surface. Detailed analysis reveals that the course of the title reactions is dominated by the Feshbach resonance states trapped in the peculiar HF(v'=3)-OD/DF(v'=4)-OH vibrationally adiabatic potential well created by the HF/DF bond softening, which can only be accessed via the HOD(vOH = 1)/HOD(vOD = 1) reaction pathway. Therefore, we confirm the wide existence of chemical bond softening resonances in reactions involving vibrationally excited molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaoren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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21
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Meng Q, Schröder M, Meyer HD. High-Dimensional Quantum Dynamics Study on Excitation-Specific Surface Scattering Including Lattice Effects of a Five-Atom Surface Cell. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:2702-2713. [PMID: 33904716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, high-dimensional (21D) quantum dynamics calculations on the mode-specific surface scattering of a carbon monoxide molecule on a copper(100) surface with lattice effects of a five-atom surface cell are performed through the multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree (ML-MCTDH) method. We employ a surface model in which five surface atoms near the impact site are treated as fully flexible quantum particles, while all other more distant atoms are kept at fixed locations. To efficiently perform the 21D ML-MCTDH wave packet propagation, the potential energy surface is transferred to a canonical polyadic decomposition form with the aid of a Monte Carlo-based method. Excitation-specific sticking probabilities of CO on Cu(100) are computed, and lattice effects caused by the flexible surface atoms are demonstrated by comparison with sticking probabilities computed for a rigid surface. The dependence of the sticking probability of the initial state of the system is studied, and it is found that the sticking probability is reduced when the surface atom on the impact site is initially vibrationally excited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyong Meng
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern Polytechnical University, West Youyi Road 127, 710072 Xi'an, China
| | - Markus Schröder
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Meyer
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Zhang X, Zhang Z, Gatti F, Zhang DH. Full-dimensional quantum dynamics study of isotope effects for the H 2 + NH 2/ND 2/NHD and H 2/D 2/HD + NH 2 reactions. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:074301. [PMID: 33607900 DOI: 10.1063/5.0040002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A full-dimensional quantum dynamical study for the bimolecular reactions of hydrogen molecules with amino radicals for different isotopologues is reported. The nonreactive amino radical is described by two Radau vectors that are very close to the valence bond coordinates. Potential-optimized discrete variable representation basis is used for the vibrational coordinates of the amino radical. Starting from the reaction H2 + NH2, we study the isotope effects for the two reagents separately, i.e., H2 + NH2/ND2/NHD and H2/D2/HD + NH2. The effects of different vibrational mode excitations of the reagents on the reactivities are studied. Physical explanations about the isotope effects are also provided thoroughly including the influence of vibrational energy differences between the different isotopologues and the impact of the tunneling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabien Gatti
- ISMO, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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23
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Xu A, Ma YJ, Yan D, Li FF, Liu JX, Wang FY. Advanced techniques for quantum-state specific reaction dynamics of gas phase metal atoms. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2102026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yu-jie Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fang-fang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia-xing Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Feng-yan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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24
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Paliwal P, Deb N, Reich DM, Avoird AVD, Koch CP, Narevicius E. Determining the nature of quantum resonances by probing elastic and reactive scattering in cold collisions. Nat Chem 2020; 13:94-98. [PMID: 33257885 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-00578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Scattering resonances play a central role in collision processes in physics and chemistry. They help build an intuitive understanding of the collision dynamics due to the spatial localization of the scattering wavefunctions. For resonances that are localized in the reaction region, located at short separation behind the centrifugal barrier, sharp peaks in the reaction rates are the characteristic signature, observed recently with state-of-the-art experiments in low-energy collisions. If, however, the localization occurs outside of the reaction region, mostly the elastic scattering is modified. This may occur due to above-barrier resonances, the quantum analogue of classical orbiting. By probing both elastic and inelastic scattering of metastable helium with deuterium molecules in merged-beam experiments, we differentiate between the nature of quantum resonances-tunnelling resonances versus above-barrier resonances-and corroborate our findings by calculating the corresponding scattering wavefunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Paliwal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nabanita Deb
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel M Reich
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ad van der Avoird
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christiane P Koch
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Edvardas Narevicius
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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25
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Li J, Zhao B, Xie D, Guo H. Advances and New Challenges to Bimolecular Reaction Dynamics Theory. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8844-8860. [PMID: 32970441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of bimolecular reactions in the gas phase are of foundational importance in combustion, atmospheric chemistry, interstellar chemistry, and plasma chemistry. These collision-induced chemical transformations are a sensitive probe of the underlying potential energy surface(s). Despite tremendous progress in past decades, our understanding is still not complete. In this Perspective, we survey the recent advances in theoretical characterization of bimolecular reaction dynamics, stimulated by new experimental observations, and identify key new challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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26
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Heid CG, Bentham IP, Walpole V, Gheorghe R, Jambrina PG, Aoiz FJ, Brouard M. Probing the location of the unpaired electron in spin-orbit changing collisions of NO with Ar. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22289-22301. [PMID: 33005915 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04228e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular forces that drive a reaction or scattering process lies at the heart of molecular dynamics. Here, we present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the spin-orbit changing scattering dynamics of oriented NO molecules with Ar atoms. Using our crossed molecular beam apparatus, we have recorded velocity-map ion images and extracted differential and integral cross sections of the scattering process in the side-on geometry. We observe an overall preference for collisions close to the N atom in the spin-orbit changing manifold, which is a direct consequence of the location of the unpaired electron on the potential energy surface. In addition, a prominent forward scattered feature is observed for intermediate, even rotational transitions when the atom approaches the molecule from the O-end. The appearance of this peak originates from an attractive well on the A' potential energy surface, which efficiently directs high impact parameter trajectories towards the region of high unpaired electron density near the N-end of the molecule. The ability to orient molecules prior to collision, both experimentally and theoretically, allows us to sample different regions of the potential energy surface(s) and unveil the associated collision pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia G Heid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, The Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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27
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Császár AG, Simkó I, Szidarovszky T, Groenenboom GC, Karman T, van der Avoird A. Rotational-vibrational resonance states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15081-15104. [PMID: 32458891 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00960a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Resonance states are characterized by an energy that is above the lowest dissociation threshold of the potential energy hypersurface of the system and thus resonances have finite lifetimes. All molecules possess a large number of long- and short-lived resonance (quasibound) states. A considerable number of rotational-vibrational resonance states are accessible not only via quantum-chemical computations but also by spectroscopic and scattering experiments. In a number of chemical applications, most prominently in spectroscopy and reaction dynamics, consideration of rotational-vibrational resonance states is becoming more and more common. There are different first-principles techniques to compute and rationalize rotational-vibrational resonance states: one can perform scattering calculations or one can arrive at rovibrational resonances using variational or variational-like techniques based on methods developed for determining bound eigenstates. The latter approaches can be based either on the Hermitian (L2, square integrable) or non-Hermitian (non-L2) formalisms of quantum mechanics. This Perspective reviews the basic concepts related to and the relevance of shape and Feshbach-type rotational-vibrational resonance states, discusses theoretical methods and computational tools allowing their efficient determination, and shows numerical examples from the authors' previous studies on the identification and characterization of rotational-vibrational resonances of polyatomic molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila G Császár
- MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, P. O. Box 32, H-1518 Budapest 112, Hungary.
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28
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Zhang Z, Gatti F, Zhang DH. Full-dimensional quantum mechanical calculations of the reaction probability of the H + CH 4 reaction based on a mixed Jacobi and Radau description. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:201101. [PMID: 32486690 DOI: 10.1063/5.0009721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A full-dimensional time-dependent wave packet study using mixed polyspherical Jacobi and Radau coordinates for the title reaction has been reported. The non-reactive moiety CH3 has been described using three Radau vectors, whereas two Jacobi vectors have been used for the bond breaking/formation process. A potential-optimized discrete variable representation basis has been employed to describe the vibrational coordinates of the reagent CH4. About one hundred billion basis functions have been necessary to achieve converged results. The reaction probabilities for some initial vibrational states are given. A comparison between the present approach and other methods, including reduced and full-dimensional ones, is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fabien Gatti
- ISMO, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay - UMR 8214 CNRS/Université Paris-Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People's Republic of China
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29
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Xie Y, Zhao H, Wang Y, Huang Y, Wang T, Xu X, Xiao C, Sun Z, Zhang DH, Yang X. Quantum interference in H + HD → H2 + D between direct abstraction and roaming insertion pathways. Science 2020; 368:767-771. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Understanding quantum interferences is essential to the study of chemical reaction dynamics. Here, we provide an interesting case of quantum interference between two topologically distinct pathways in the H + HD → H2 + D reaction in the collision energy range between 1.94 and 2.21 eV, manifested as oscillations in the energy dependence of the differential cross section for the H2 (v′ = 2, j′ = 3) product (where v′ is the vibrational quantum number and j′ is the rotational quantum number) in the backward scattering direction. The notable oscillation patterns observed are attributed to the strong quantum interference between the direct abstraction pathway and an unusual roaming insertion pathway. More interestingly, the observed interference pattern also provides a sensitive probe of the geometric phase effect at an energy far below the conical intersection in this reaction, which resembles the Aharonov–Bohm effect in physics, clearly demonstrating the quantum nature of chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hailin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chunlei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Dong H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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30
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de Jongh T, Besemer M, Shuai Q, Karman T, van der Avoird A, Groenenboom GC, van de Meerakker SYT. Imaging the onset of the resonance regime in low-energy NO-He collisions. Science 2020; 368:626-630. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aba3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tim de Jongh
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matthieu Besemer
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Quan Shuai
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tijs Karman
- Institute for Theoretical Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics, Center For Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ad van der Avoird
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit C. Groenenboom
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
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31
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Lin Q, Zhang Y, Zhao B, Jiang B. Automatically growing global reactive neural network potential energy surfaces: A trajectory-free active learning strategy. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:154104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0004944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qidong Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yaolong Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bin Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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32
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Abstract
It has long been predicted that oscillatory behavior exists in reactivity as a function of collision energy for heavy-light-heavy (HLH) chemical reactions in which a light atom is transferred between two heavy atoms or groups of atoms, but direct observation of such a behavior in bimolecular reactions remains a challenge. Here we report a joint theoretical and crossed-molecular-beam study on the Cl + CH4 → HCl + CH3 reaction. A distinctive peak at a collision energy of 0.15 eV for the CH3(v = 0) product was experimentally detected in the backward scattering direction. Detailed quantum-dynamics calculations on a highly accurate potential energy surface revealed that this feature originates from the reactivity oscillation in this HLH polyatomic reaction. We anticipate that such reactivity oscillations exist in many HLH reactions involving polyatomic reagents.
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33
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Chang Y, He ZG, Luo ZJ, Zhou JM, Zhang ZG, Chen ZC, Yang JY, Yu Y, Li QM, Che L, Wu GR, Wang XA, Yang XM, Yuan KJ. Application of laser dispersion method in apparatus combining H atom Rydberg tagging time-of-flight technique with vacuum ultraviolet free electron laser. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp2001008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chang
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhi-gang He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zi-jie Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Jia-mi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhi-guo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Materials and Devices for Informatics of Anhui Higher Education Institutions and School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236041, China
| | - Zhi-chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jia-yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qin-ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Guo-rong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xing-an Wang
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xue-ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Kai-jun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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34
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Mao Y, Yuan J, Yang Z, Chen M. Quantum dynamics studies of isotope effects in the Mg +(3p) + HD → MgH +/MgD + + D/H insertion reaction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3410. [PMID: 32098984 PMCID: PMC7042225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The time-dependent wave packet quantum dynamics studies for the Mg+(3p) + HD → MgH+/MgD+ + D/H diabatic reaction are carried out for the first time on recently developed diabatic YHWCH potential energy surfaces [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 6638-6647]. The results of reaction probabilities and total integral cross sections show a dramatic preference to the formation of MgD+ over MgH+ owing to the insertion reaction mechanism in the title reaction. The MgD+/MgH+ branching ratio witnesses a monotonic decrease from 10.58 to 3.88 at collision energy range of 0.01 to 0.20 eV, and at the collision energy of 0.114 eV, it is close to the experimental value of 5. The rovibrational state-resolved ICSs of the two channels show the products MgD+ have higher vibrational excitation and hotter rotational state distributions. The opacity function P(J) suggests that the MgH+ + D channel and MgD+ + H channel are dominated by high-b and low-b collisions, respectively. Both forward and backward scattering peaks are found in the differential cross section curves, whereas the angle distributions of products are not strictly forward-backward symmetric because of the short lifetime of the complex in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Jiuchuang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Zijiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Maodu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
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35
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Xie Y, Wang Y, Wang W, Dai D, Sun Z, Xiao C, Yang X. Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Vibrationally Excited Reaction Cl + D 2 ( v = 1, j = 0) → DCl + D. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1266-1271. [PMID: 31985219 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vibrationally excited reaction of Cl + D2 (v = 1, j = 0) → DCl + D was investigated by a high-resolution crossed beam experiment, with D2 molecules in the vibrationally excited state prepared by the scheme of stimulated Raman pumping. Differential cross sections (DCSs) were obtained at three collision energies of 4.03, 4.93, and 5.68 kcal/mol. Backward scattering is dominant for both DCl (v' = 0) and DCl (v' = 1) products, and no forward scattering signal was observed at these three collision energies. Collision-energy-dependent DCS in the backward scattering direction was measured at collision energies between 3.62 and 5.97 kcal/mol. Comparing with the DCSs from the vibrational ground state, it is found that the vibrational excitation of D2 molecules significantly enhances the reactivity because of the later barrier nature of the reaction. No obvious oscillatory structure was found in the collision-energy-dependent DCS in the backward scattering direction, suggesting that the title reaction proceeds via a direct abstraction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurun Xie
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201210 , China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Dongxu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Zhigang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Chunlei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian , Liaoning 116023 , China.,College of Science , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen , Guangdong 518055 , China
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36
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Wu Y, Cao J, Bian W. Quantum Dynamics Study of the C( 1D) + HD Reaction on the ã 1A' and b̃ 1A″ Potential Energy Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:801-809. [PMID: 31958231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We present an in-depth theoretical study of the C(1D) + HD (v = 0, j = 0) → CD (CH) (v', j') + H (D) reaction using a time-dependent wave packet method with full Coriolis coupling on the Zhang-Ma-Bian potential energy surfaces (PESs) recently constructed by our group. The integral cross sections (ICS), differential cross sections, CD/CH branching ratios, and product state distributions are calculated over a wide range of collision energies. We find that the vibrational branching ratio defined as ICS(v'=1)/ICS(v'=0) obtained from the b̃1A″ PES is much smaller than that from the ã1A' PES for both product channels, which may be attributed to the dynamical effects of the conical intersection regulated (CI-R) intermediate on the b̃1A″ PES. The collision energy dependence of CD/CH branching ratios displays oscillatory structures, which may be caused by the resonance states supported by the wells on the PESs. The high-temperature rate coefficients are also obtained and compared with previous results. The role of the excited-state PESs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Jianwei Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Wensheng Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,School of Chemical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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37
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Abstract
Transiently trapped quantum states along the reaction coordinate in the transition-state region of a chemical reaction are normally called Feshbach resonances or dynamical resonances. Feshbach resonances trapped in the HF-OH interaction well have been discovered in an earlier photodetchment study of FH2O-; however, it is not clear whether these resonances are accessible by the F + H2O reaction. Here we report an accurate state-to-state quantum dynamics study of the F + H2O → HF + OH reaction on an accurate newly constructed potential energy surface. Pronounced oscillatory structures are observed in the total reaction probabilities, in particular at collision energies below 0.2 eV. Detailed analysis reveals that these oscillating structures originate from the Feshbach resonance states trapped in the hydrogen bond well on the HF(v' = 2)-OH vibrationally adiabatic potentials, producing mainly HF(v' = 1) product. Therefore, the resonances observed in the photodetchment study of FH2O- are accessible to the reaction.
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38
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Li H, Suits AG. Universal crossed beam imaging studies of polyatomic reaction dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11126-11138. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00522c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crossed-beam imaging studies of polyatomic reactions show surprising dynamics not anticipated by extrapolation from smaller model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Li
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Missouri
- Columbia
- USA
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39
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Li L, Fu B, Yang X, Zhang DH. A global ab initio potential energy surface and dynamics of the proton-transfer reaction: OH− + D2 → HOD + D−. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8203-8211. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reaction mechanisms of OH− + D2 → HOD + D− were first revealed by theory, based on an accurate full-dimensional PES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Li
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
| | - Bina Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian 116023
- China
| | - Xueming Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
| | - Dong H. Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
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40
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Guan Y, Guo H, Yarkony DR. Extending the Representation of Multistate Coupled Potential Energy Surfaces To Include Properties Operators Using Neural Networks: Application to the 1,21A States of Ammonia. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 16:302-313. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafu Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - David R. Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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41
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Gao Z, Loreau J, van der Avoird A, van de Meerakker SYT. Direct observation of product-pair correlations in rotationally inelastic collisions of ND 3 with D 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14033-14041. [PMID: 30649107 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07109h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of state-to-state inelastic scattering of ND3(j = 11-) with D2 (j = 0, 1, 2, 3) molecules at collision energies around 800 cm-1. Using a crossed molecular beam apparatus which employs the combination of Stark deceleration and velocity map imaging, we observe the correlated rotational excitations of both collision partners. For D2, both elastic (ΔjD2 = 0), inelastic excitation (j = 0 →j = 2) and inelastic de-excitation (j = 2 →j = 0) processes are observed. For a number of final ND3 states, inelastic channels in which D2 is rotationally excited or de-excited appear surprisingly strong. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with the predictions from quantum scattering calculations which are based on an ab initio ND3-D2 potential energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Gao
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jérôme Loreau
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles, CP 160/09, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ad van der Avoird
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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42
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Sáez-Rábanos V, Verdasco JE, Herrero VJ. Orbiting resonances in the F + HD (v = 0, 1) reaction at very low collision energies. A quantum dynamical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15177-15186. [PMID: 31246200 PMCID: PMC6751073 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-independent, fully converged, quantum dynamical calculations have been performed for the F + HD (v = 0, j = 0) and F + HD (v = 1, j = 0) reactions on an accurate potential energy surface down to collision energies of 0.01 meV. The two isotopic exit channels, HF + D and DF + H, have been investigated. The calculations reproduce satisfactorily the Feshbach resonance structures for collision energies between 10 and 40 meV, previously reported in the literature for the HF + D channel. Contrary to the results of a former literature work, vibrational excitation of HD is found to enhance reactivity in all cases down to the lowest collision energy investigated. Shape-type orbiting resonances are found for collision energies lower than 2 meV. The resonances appear as peaks in the reaction cross sections that are associated to specific values of the total angular momentum, J. In contrast with the Feshbach resonances at higher energies, the orbiting resonance structure, which is caused by the van der Waals well of the entrance channel, is identical for the HF + D and DF + H exit channels. The orbiting resonance peaks for F + HD (v = 0) are very small, but those for F + HD (v = 1) could be observed, in principle, with a combination of Raman pumping and merged beams methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sáez-Rábanos
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S. de Ingeniería de Montes, Forestal y del Medio Natural, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J E Verdasco
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Unidad Asociada CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - V J Herrero
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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43
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Yang T, Huang L, Xiao C, Chen J, Wang T, Dai D, Lique F, Alexander MH, Sun Z, Zhang DH, Yang X, Neumark DM. Enhanced reactivity of fluorine with para-hydrogen in cold interstellar clouds by resonance-induced quantum tunnelling. Nat Chem 2019; 11:744-749. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Zhang Z, Gatti F, Zhang DH. Full dimensional quantum mechanical calculations of the reaction probability of the H + NH3 collision based on a mixed Jacobi and Radau description. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204301. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5096047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fabien Gatti
- ISMO, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay—UMR 8214 CNRS/Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Dong H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Jiang H, Kammler M, Ding F, Dorenkamp Y, Manby FR, Wodtke AM, Miller TF, Kandratsenka A, Bünermann O. Imaging covalent bond formation by H atom scattering from graphene. Science 2019; 364:379-382. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw6378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Viewing the atomic-scale motion and energy dissipation pathways involved in forming a covalent bond is a longstanding challenge for chemistry. We performed scattering experiments of H atoms from graphene and observed a bimodal translational energy loss distribution. Using accurate first-principles dynamics simulations, we show that the quasi-elastic channel involves scattering through the physisorption well where collision sites are near the centers of the six-membered C-rings. The second channel results from transient C–H bond formation, where H atoms lose 1 to 2 electron volts of energy within a 10-femtosecond interaction time. This remarkably rapid form of intramolecular vibrational relaxation results from the C atom’s rehybridization during bond formation and is responsible for an unexpectedly high sticking probability of H on graphene.
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46
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Wang J, Mo Y. Predissociation dynamics of D2 + hv → D(1s1/2) + D(2p1/2,3/2, 2s1/2) revealed by the spin-orbit state resolved fragment branching ratios and angular distributions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:144306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5087865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuxiang Mo
- Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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47
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Huang L, Xie YR, Yang TG, Wang T, Dai DX, Xiao CL, Yang XM. Crossed molecular beam study of the F+D2(v=1, j=0) reaction. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1811251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu-run Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tian-gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dong-xu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Chun-lei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xue-ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Dalian 116023, China
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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48
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Yang H, Zhang DC, Liu L, Liu YX, Nan J, Zhao B, Pan JW. Observation of magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances in ultracold 23Na40K + 40K collisions. Science 2019; 363:261-264. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aau5322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Resonances in ultracold collisions involving heavy molecules are difficult to simulate theoretically and have proven challenging to detect. Here we report the observation of magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances in ultracold collisions between potassium-40 (40K) atoms and sodium-23–potassium-40 (23Na40K) molecules in the rovibrational ground state. We prepare the atoms and molecules in various hyperfine levels of their ground states and observe the loss of molecules as a function of the magnetic field. The atom-molecule Feshbach resonances are identified by observing an enhancement of the loss. We have observed 11 resonances in the magnetic field range of 43 to 120 gauss. The observed atom-molecule Feshbach resonances at ultralow temperatures probe the three-body potential energy surface with exceptional resolution and will help to improve understanding of ultracold collisions.
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49
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Yin Z, Guan Y, Fu B, Zhang DH. Two-state diabatic potential energy surfaces of ClH2 based on nonadiabatic couplings with neural networks. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20372-20383. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A neural network-fitting procedure based on nonadiabatic couplings is proposed to generate two-state diabatic PESs with conical intersections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxi Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Yafu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Bina Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- P. R. China
| | - Dong H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- P. R. China
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50
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Yuan D, Guan Y, Chen W, Zhao H, Yu S, Luo C, Tan Y, Xie T, Wang X, Sun Z, Zhang DH, Yang X. Observation of the geometric phase effect in the H + HD → H2+ D reaction. Science 2018; 362:1289-1293. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aav1356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Theory has established the importance of geometric phase (GP) effects in the adiabatic dynamics of molecular systems with a conical intersection connecting the ground- and excited-state potential energy surfaces, but direct observation of their manifestation in chemical reactions remains a major challenge. Here, we report a high-resolution crossed molecular beams study of the H + HD → H2+ D reaction at a collision energy slightly above the conical intersection. Velocity map ion imaging revealed fast angular oscillations in product quantum state–resolved differential cross sections in the forward scattering direction for H2products at specific rovibrational levels. The experimental results agree with adiabatic quantum dynamical calculations only when the GP effect is included.
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