|
1
|
Jubeen F, Jabeen I, Aftab U, Noor S, Hareem ME, Sultan M, Kazi M. Synthesis, Characterization, Theoretical and Experimental Anticancer Evaluation of Novel Cocrystals of 5-Fluorouracil and Schiff Bases against SW480 Colorectal Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1929. [PMID: 37514115 PMCID: PMC10383612 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemotherapeutic agent known as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is an artificial fluoropyrimidine antimetabolite that has been widely used for its antineoplastic properties. Cocrystals of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with five different Schiff bases (benzylidene-urea (BU), benzylidene-aniline (BA), salicylidene-aniline (SA), salicylidene-phenylhydrazine (SPH), and para-hydroxy benzylideneaniline (HBA)) are reported in this study. The newly synthesized cocrystals were analyzed by FTIR and PXRD. In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of 5-FU derivatives in SW480 colon cancer cells via MTT assay at varying dose concentrations. Molecular docking was performed to predict the binding mechanism of TS with various 5-FU complexes. FTIR revealed the presence of respective functional groups in the prepared cocrystals. The frequencies (v) of N-H (3220.24 cm-1) and carbonyl groups (1662.38 cm-1) in the spectrum of 5-FU shifted considerably in all derivative cocrystal new interactions. There was a noticeable transformation in the PXRD peak of 5-FU at 2θ = 28.37° in all derivatives. The novelty of the present study lies in the fact that 5-FU-BA showed an anticancer potential IC50 (6.4731) far higher than that of 5-FU (12.116), almost comparable to that of the reference drug doxorubicin (3.3159), against SW480 cancel cell lines, followed by 5-Fu-HBA (10.2174). The inhibition rates of 5-FU-BA and 5-FU-HBA were highest among the derivatives (99.85% and 99.37%, respectively) in comparison with doxorubicin (97.103%). The results revealed that the synthesized 5-FU cocrystals have promising antitumor efficacy compared with previously reported 5-FU and 5-FU. The activities of the cocrystals were rationalized by a molecular modeling approach to envisage binding modes with the target cancer protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhat Jubeen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Arfa Kareem Road, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ishrat Jabeen
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Usman Aftab
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Noor
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mah E Hareem
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering and Sciences (SINES), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Sector H12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Sultan
- Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
|
|
3
|
Barnett SA, Hulme AT, Issa N, Lewis TC, Price LS, Tocher DA, Price SL. The observed and energetically feasible crystal structures of 5-substituted uracils. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b806763e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
|
4
|
|
|
6
|
Behrens NB, Goodgame DM. Complexes of 9-methylhypoxanthine with some divalent metal ions. Inorganica Chim Acta 1980. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(00)84162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
|
7
|
Taulomerism and Electronic Structure of Biological Pyrimidines. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 18 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
|
8
|
Tamura C, Sato S, Hata T. Studies on Intermolecular Complex Formation. IV. Crystal Structure of Cytosine-Resorcylic acid 2:1 Complex monohydrate. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1973. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.46.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
|
9
|
Tamura C, Hata T, Sato S. Studies on Intermolecular Complex Formation. III. Crystal Structure of Thymine-N,N-Diethylmelamine Complex Monohydrate. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 1973. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.46.2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
|
10
|
Bugg CE, Thomas JM, Sundaralingam M, Rao ST. Stereochemistry of nucleic acids and their constituents. X. Solid-state base-stacking patterns in nucleic acid constituents and polynucleotides. Biopolymers 1971; 10:175-219. [PMID: 5544940 DOI: 10.1002/bip.360100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
|
11
|
Mizuno H, Nakanishi N, Fujiwara T, Tomita K, Tsukihara T, Ashida T, Kakudo M. The crystal structure of two forms of 1-ethyl-5-bromouracil. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90207-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
|
12
|
Voet D, Rich A. The crystal structures of purines, pyrimidines and their intermolecular complexes. PROGRESS IN NUCLEIC ACID RESEARCH AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1970; 10:183-265. [PMID: 4910304 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6603(08)60565-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
|
13
|
Sakore TD, Sobell HM. Crystal and molecular structure of a hydrogen-bonded complex containing adenine and hypoxanthine derivatives: 9-ethyl-8-bromoadenine-9-ethyl-8-bromohypoxanthine. J Mol Biol 1969; 43:77-87. [PMID: 5811825 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
|
14
|
Kim SH, Rich A. A non-complementary hydrogen-bonded complex containing 5-fluorouracil and 1-methylcytosine. J Mol Biol 1969; 42:87-95. [PMID: 5808551 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(69)90488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|