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Abstract
The proteome of cells is synthesized by ribosomes, complex ribonucleoproteins that in eukaryotes contain 79-80 proteins and four ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) more than 5,400 nucleotides long. How these molecules assemble together and how their assembly is regulated in concert with the growth and proliferation of cells remain important unanswered questions. Here, we review recently emerging principles to understand how eukaryotic ribosomal proteins drive ribosome assembly in vivo. Most ribosomal proteins assemble with rRNA cotranscriptionally; their association with nascent particles is strengthened as assembly proceeds. Each subunit is assembled hierarchically by sequential stabilization of their subdomains. The active sites of both subunits are constructed last, perhaps to prevent premature engagement of immature ribosomes with active subunits. Late-assembly intermediates undergo quality-control checks for proper function. Mutations in ribosomal proteins that affect mostly late steps lead to ribosomopathies, diseases that include a spectrum of cell type-specific disorders that often transition from hypoproliferative to hyperproliferative growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus de la Cruz
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Departamento de Genetica, Universidad de Sevilla, E-41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Katrin Karbstein
- Department of Cancer Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida 33458
| | - John L Woolford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikio Shimizu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi
| | - Tetsu Saito
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi
| | - Susumu Mitsuhashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine; Gunma University; Maebashi
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Siegrist S, Moreau N, Le Goffic F. About the specificity of photoinduced affinity labeling of Escherichia coli ribosomes by dihydrorosaramicin, a macrolide related to erythromycin. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1985; 153:131-5. [PMID: 3905404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1985.tb09278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivation of the [3H]dihydrorosaramicin chromophore at a wavelength above 300 nm allows the covalent attachment of the macrolide antibiotic to the bacterial ribosome. Bidimensional electrophoresis shows that the radioactivity is mainly associated with proteins L1, L5, L6, L15, L18, L19, S1, S3, S4, S5 and S9. When photoincorporation of the drug is conducted in the presence of puromycin as effector of [3H]dihydrorosaramicin-binding sites, a decrease in the labeling of most proteins is observed, except for L18 and L19, which are radiolabeled to a larger extent. These results allow us to speculate that L18 and L19 belong to the high-affinity binding site of rosaramicin antibiotic.
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Coppin-Raynal E. Analytical chromatography of ribosomal proteins in the fungus, Podospora anserina. Anal Biochem 1980; 109:395-8. [PMID: 7224164 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(80)90666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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5
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Crawford WW, Crawford IP, Stoughton RB, Cornell RC. Laboratory induction and clinical occurrence of combined clindamycin and erythromycin resistance in Corynebacterium acnes. J Invest Dermatol 1979; 72:187-90. [PMID: 429800 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12676385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium acnes strains cross-resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin were observed following long-term selection or mutagenic treatment in the laboratory. Similar strains were found among clinical isolates from patients using clindamycin or erythromycin topically in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Clindamycin resistance was never observed in the absence of resistance to macrolides or other lincosaminides. It is suggested that this resistance may result from an alteration of the 50S ribosomal subunit.
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Teraoka H, Nierhaus KH. Proteins fro Escherichia coli ribosomes involved in the binding of erythromycin. J Mol Biol 1978; 126:185-93. [PMID: 368344 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(78)90358-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Werner RG, Teraoka H, Nierhaus KH. Inhibition of protein synthesis by three erythromycin-derivatives. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1978; 83:1147-56. [PMID: 361037 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91515-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Bollen A, Cabezón T, de Wilde M, Villarroel R, Herzog A. Alteration of ribosomal protein S17 by mutation linked to neamine resistance in Escherichia coli. I. General properties of neaA mutants. J Mol Biol 1975; 99:795-806. [PMID: 765484 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Liou YF, Yoshikawa M, Tanaka N. Alteration of ribosomal protein L5 in a thiopeptin-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1975; 65:1096-101. [PMID: 1098662 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(75)80498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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11
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Davidson JN, Hanson MR, Bogorad L. An altered chloroplast ribosomal protein in ery-M1 mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardi. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1974; 132:119-29. [PMID: 4421915 DOI: 10.1007/bf00272177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bollen A, Faelen M, Lecocq JP, Herzog A, Zengel J, Kahan L, Nomura M. The structural gene for the ribosomal protein S18 in Escherichia coli. I. Genetic studies on a mutant having an alteration in the protein S18. J Mol Biol 1973; 76:463-72. [PMID: 4587228 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90485-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tyler B, Ingraham JL. Studies on ribosomal mutants of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 122:197-214. [PMID: 4268741 DOI: 10.1007/bf00278597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Teraoka H, Tanaka K. Effect of spermine on the binding of erythromycin to Escherichia coli ribosomes and the peptidyl-transfer reaction. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1973; 33:578-83. [PMID: 4571502 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1973.tb02718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Trembath MK, Bunn CL, Lukins HB, Linnane AW. Biogenesis of mitochondria 27. Genetic and biochemical characterisation of cytoplasmic and nuclear mutations to spiramycin resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1973; 121:35-48. [PMID: 4576622 DOI: 10.1007/bf00353691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Cerná J, Rychlík I. The effect of antibiotics on the substrate binding to the acceptor and donor site of ribosomal peptidyltransferase of an erythromycin-resistant mutant of Escherichia coli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 287:292-300. [PMID: 4609472 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(72)90378-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Yamada T, Masuda K, Shoji K, Hori M. Analysis of ribosomes from viomycin-sensitive and -resistant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis. J Bacteriol 1972; 112:1-6. [PMID: 4342812 PMCID: PMC251373 DOI: 10.1128/jb.112.1.1-6.1972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Viomycin-resistant strains were isolated from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Ribosomes were isolated and tested for drug resistance in subcellular systems containing poly(U) as messenger ribonucleic acid. Resistance to viomycin in these strains was due to altered ribosomes. Further analysis showed that viomycin resistance of two mutants with low level resistance (20 mug/ml) was due to altered 30S ribosomal subunits. Another mutant that was highly resistant to viomycin (1 mg/ml), however, had altered 50S ribosomal subunits.
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Millis AJ, Suyama Y. Effects of Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide on the Biosynthesis of Mitochondrial Ribosomes in Tetrahymena. J Biol Chem 1972. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Tanaka K, Tamaki M, Takata R, Osawa S. Low affinity for chloramphenicol of erythromycin resistant Escherichia coli ribosomes having an altered protein component. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1972; 46:1979-83. [PMID: 4553152 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(72)90747-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Tanaka K, Teraoka H, Tamaki M, Takata R, Osawa S. Phenotypes represented by a mutational change in a 50s ribosomal protein component, 50-8, in Escherichia coli. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 114:9-13. [PMID: 4552501 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Otaka E, Itoh T, Osawa S, Tanaka K, Tamaki M. Peptide analyses of a protein component, 50-8, of 50s ribosomal subunit from erythromycin resistant mutants of Escherichia coli and Escherichia freudii. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1972; 114:14-22. [PMID: 4552494 DOI: 10.1007/bf00268742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Terao K, Ogata K. Studies on the small subunit of rat liver ribosomes: some biochemical properties with specific references to the reconstruction of the small subunit. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 254:278-95. [PMID: 5002797 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90837-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Smith I, Colli W, Oishi M. Studies on the physical linkage of antibiotic resistance markers to ribosomal RNA genes in Bacillus subtilis. J Mol Biol 1971; 62:111-9. [PMID: 5003312 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(71)90134-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Effects of macrolide antibiotics on the ribosomal peptidyl transferase in cell-free systems derived from Escherichia coli B and erythromycin-resistant muytant of Escherichia coli B. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 240:109-21. [PMID: 4940152 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90517-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Saito T, Shimizu M, Mitsuhashi S. The problems of drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Macrolide resistance in staphylococci. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1971; 182:267-78. [PMID: 5285291 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1971.tb30663.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Teraoka H, Tanaka K. An alteration in ribosome function caused by equimolar binding of erythromycin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1971; 232:509-13. [PMID: 4929433 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90604-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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30
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Beljanski M, Bourgarel P, Beljanski M. Drastic alteration of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins in showdomycin-resistant Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1971; 68:491-5. [PMID: 5277106 PMCID: PMC388967 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.2.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In a mutant of Escherichia coli resistant to showdomycin, both the 50S and 30S ribosomal subunits contain RNA species in which the purine concentration greatly exceeds that of pyrimidines. The same is true for total rapidly-labeled RNA. The modified ribosomal RNA hybridizes poorly with homologous DNA, which is apparently unchanged in base composition. Acrylamide gel electrophoresis of mutant ribosomal proteins shows a highly altered protein pattern for both ribosomal subunits, although the activity of these ribosomes is not decreased.
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Yamagishi S, Nakajima Y, Inoue M, Oka Y. Decrease in accumulation of macrolide antibiotics as a mechanism of resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 1971; 15:39-52. [PMID: 5313613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1971.tb00549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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32
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Garrett ER, Heman-Ackah SM, Perry GL. Kinetics and mechanisms of action of drugs on microorganisms. XI. Effect of erythromycin and its supposed antagonism with lincomycin on the microbial growth of Escherichia coli. J Pharm Sci 1970; 59:1448-56. [PMID: 4919444 DOI: 10.1002/jps.2600591017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Teraoka H. Reversal of the inhibitory action of chloramphenicol on the ribosomal peptidyl transfer reaction by erythromycin. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1970; 213:535-7. [PMID: 4927497 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2787(70)90063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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34
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Takata R, Osawa S, Tanaka K, Teraoka H, Tamaki M. Genetic studies of he ribosoml proteis in Escherichaoli. V. Mapp-ing of erythromycin resistance mutations which lea to alteration of a 50s ribosomal protein component. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1970; 109:123-30. [PMID: 4923589 DOI: 10.1007/bf00269648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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35
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Neuhäuser A, Klingmüller W, Kaudewitz F. [Selection of actidion-resistant mutants in Neurospora crassa and their genetical and biochemical analysis]. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1970; 106:180-94. [PMID: 5415255 DOI: 10.1007/bf00323837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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36
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Shimizu M, Saito T, Mitsuhashi S. Macrolide resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Correlation between spiramycin-binding to ribosomes and inhibition of polypeptide synthesis in cell-free system. JAPANESE JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 1970; 14:215-9. [PMID: 5311073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1970.tb00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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37
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Teraoka H. A reversible change in the ability of Escherichia coli ribosomes to bind to erythromycin. J Mol Biol 1970; 48:511-5. [PMID: 4911814 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90062-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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38
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Dekio S, Takata R, Osawa S, Tanaka K, Tamaki M. Genetic studies of the ribosomal proteins in Escherichia coli. IV. Pattern of the alteration of ribosomal protein components in mutants resistant to spectinomycin or erythromycin in different strains of Escherichia coli. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1970; 107:39-49. [PMID: 4249314 DOI: 10.1007/bf00433222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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39
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Otaka E, Teraoka H, Tamaki M, Tanaka K, Osawa S. Ribosomes from erythromycin-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli Q13. J Mol Biol 1970; 48:499-510. [PMID: 4911813 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(70)90061-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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40
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Teraoka H, Tamaki M, Tanaka K. Peptidyl transferase activity of Escherichia coli ribosomes having an altered protein component in the 50S subunit. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1970; 38:328-32. [PMID: 4907411 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(70)90716-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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41
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Kaji H. Intraribosomal environment of the nascent peptide chain. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1970; 29:169-211. [PMID: 4928380 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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Traub P. Structure, function and in vitro reconstitution of escherichia coli ribosomes. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1970; 52:1-93. [PMID: 4915756 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-95130-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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43
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Goldthwaite C, Dubnau D, Smith I. Genetic mapping of antibiotic resistance in markers Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1970; 65:96-103. [PMID: 4984232 PMCID: PMC286196 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.65.1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Several antibiotic resistance markers in Bacillus subtilis have been mapped by three-factor transduction crosses using bacteriophage PBS1. These markers, which are thought to be located in genes coding for ribosomal proteins, are within a segment comprising about 5 per cent of the B. subtilis genetic map, close to the major group of rRNA cistrons. The order of genetic makers in this region was found to be cysA14 mic-1 dagger str-1 (ery-1, ole-2) spc-2 bry-2 lin-2. The positions of neo-2, nea-1, and kan-2 are uncertain, although they are located in this region to the right of cysA14.
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LINNANE ANTHONYW, HASLAM J. The Biogenesis of Yeast Mitochondria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1970. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152802-7.50010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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45
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Igarashi K, Ishitsuka H, Kaji A. Comparative studies on the mechanism of action of lincomycin, streptomycin, and erythromycin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969; 37:499-504. [PMID: 4900140 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(69)90943-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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46
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Davey PJ, Yu R, Linnane AW. The intracellular site of formation of the mitochondrial protein synthetic system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1969; 36:30-4. [PMID: 5796754 DOI: 10.1016/0006-291x(69)90644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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