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Li J, Wang Q, Wang Y, La M, Mian R, He L, Suonan J, Zou D. An efficient strategy for large-scale preparation of low polarity gingerols directly from ginger crude extract by high-speed countercurrent chromatography with different rotation mode. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300320. [PMID: 37541285 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an efficient strategy for large-scale preparation of low polarity gingerols directly from ginger crude extract by high-speed countercurrent chromatography with different rotation mode. The ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology and the results showed the major low polarity gingerols could be well enriched under the optimized extraction conditions. Then the crude extract without any pretreatment was directly separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography with different rotation mode using n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (6:4:6:4, v/v/v/v) as the solvent system. In about 400 min, five major gingerols including 150 mg of [6]-gingerol, 50 mg of [8]-gingerol, 20 mg of [6]-shogaol, 43 mg of [6]-dehydrogingerdione, and 40 mg of [10]-gingerol were obtained from 1.2 g of crude extract in a single run with repeated injection. Their structures were identified by 1 H-NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Mencuo La
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Ruisha Mian
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang He
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ji Suonan
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
| | - Denglang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- School of Life Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, P. R. China
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2
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Shinomiya K, Iijima H, Ito Y. Countercurrent chromatography as a frontier tool to discover new mechanical roles in liquid-liquid phase separation of cellular biomolecules. Biomed Chromatogr 2022:e5570. [PMID: 36521838 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The development of countercurrent chromatography (CCC) technology enabled us to achieve higher peak resolutions and more shortened separation times even for protein separation using aqueous two-phase solvent systems composed of polyethylene glycol and inorganic salts (or dextrans). By eliminating the solid support matrix, all analytes can be recovered from the coiled column after the separation is completed. Recently, it has been found that droplets of biomolecules formed by liquid-liquid phase separation in cells closely relate to the transcription, regulation of signal transduction, and formation of amyloids. Meanwhile, although CCC is a separation technique based on liquid-liquid partitioning of analytes between two immiscible phases, the mechanism of separation could suggest some idea concerning the formation of biomolecule droplets in cells. This article describes the recent advances in the CCC apparatus, the coiled separation column, the choice of a suitable two-phase solvent system, and the application to separation and purification of bioactive macromolecules such as proteins and enzymes, and also discusses the possibility of CCC as a tool to reveal new mechanical roles of biomolecule droplets in the cellular environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazufusa Shinomiya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iijima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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3
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Chen T, Wang Q, Wang Q, La M, Li Y, He L, Zou D. Ab initio calculation based solvent system selection in silico for counter-current chromatography: separation of resibufogenin glycosylation products. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1686:463649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Liu Z, Zhao Y, Peng H, Luo T, Liu Y. Countercurrent chromatography: separation principle, mechanical design, development trends, and applications. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2022.2117190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicong Liu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou City, P.R. China
| | - Yongjie Zhao
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou City, P.R. China
| | - Huihui Peng
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou City, P.R. China
| | - Tiexuan Luo
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou City, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou City, P.R. China
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5
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Ito Y. Two-phase Motion in Hydrodynamic Counter-current Chromatography. CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY 2020; 7:76-81. [PMID: 34504762 PMCID: PMC8388067 DOI: 10.2174/2213240606666190912161221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motion of the two mutually immiscible liquids in hydrodynamic countercurrent chromatographic systems is speculated based on the observation of their behavior in a closed coiled tube rotating in unit gravity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment revealed an up and down pattern of four stages of two-phase volume ratio occupied at the head end of the coil according to the rotation speed. These two-phase behaviors are comprehensively explained on the bases of interplay between the unit gravity and centrifugal force generated by rotation of the coil. This theory is successfully extended to explain the two-phase behavior in a coil undergoing the type-I and type-J planetary motions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The type-I planetary motion produces the centrifugal force distribution similar to that of slowly rotating coil in unit gravity (Stage I), where both phases competitively move toward the head of the coil. In contrast, the type-J planetary motion displays complex distribution patterns of centrifugal force according to the location of the coil on the holder hence the two-phase motion varies with the ß values. When ß is 0.5 - 0.75, the force pattern simulates that of the rotating coil in unit gravity at 120 rpm (Stage III) where the lighter phase moves toward the head leaving the heavier phase behind. CONCLUSION This clearly demonstrates the importance of the proper choice of ß values in high-speed countercurrent chromatography utilizing the type-J planetary motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bldg. 10, Room 5D18, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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6
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Simultaneous separation of six pure polymethoxyflavones from sweet orange peel extract by high performance counter current chromatography. Food Chem 2019; 292:160-165. [PMID: 31054661 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Successful isolation of polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) from citrus peels has led to numerous evaluations of PMFs in a broad spectrum of biological activities, such as inhibition of chronic inflammation, cancer prevention and anti-atherogenic properties. Recent reports associated with the health promoting properties of PMFs in citrus fruits have dramatically increased. However, the limiting factor in animal and human study of PMFs is still the supply of pure PMFs, such as tangeretin, nobiletin, sinensetin and 3,5,6,7,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone. Herein, we introduce the newly developed efficient separation method using high-performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC) in isolating multiple pure single PMFs simultaneously in one cycle process. With the smallest preparation loop on the semi-preparative HPCCC instrument, the optimized solvent system of hexanes/ethyl acetate/methanol/water resulted in the isolation of pure sinensetin, tangeretin, nobiletin, 3,5,6,7,3',4'-hexamethoxyflavone, 5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone and 3,5,6,7,8,3',4'-heptamethoxyflavone directly from crude sweet orange peel extract in one cycle of separation process by HPCCC in the mode of reverse phase. The purity of each of the six isolated PMFs is greater than 96.6% analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Scale-up and high purity of individual PMFs can be separated by using a large separation loop in preparative HPCCC model. The renovated HPCCC methodology can be practically used in natural product isolation and consequent biological property evaluation.
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7
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Kong Q, Ren X, Hu R, Yin X, Jiang G, Pan Y. Isolation and purification of two antioxidant isomers of resveratrol dimer from the wine grape by counter-current chromatography. J Sep Sci 2018; 39:2374-9. [PMID: 27130423 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol dimers belong to a group of compounds called stilbenes, which along with proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins, catechins, and flavonols are natural phenolic compounds found in grapes and red wine. Stilbenes have a variety of structural isomers, all of which exhibit various biological properties. Counter-current chromatography with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (2:5:4:5, v/v/v/v) was applied to isolate and purify stilbene from the stems of wine grape. Two isomers of resveratrol dimers trans-ε-viniferin and trans-δ-viniferin were obtained from the crude sample in a one-step separation, with purities of 93.2 and 97.5%, respectively, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of these two compounds were identified by (1) H and (13) C NMR spectroscopy. In addition, their antioxidant activities were assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The antioxidant activities of trans-δ-viniferin were higher than that of trans-ε-viniferin in this model. This work demonstrated that counter-current chromatography is a powerful and effective method for the isolation and purification of polyphenols from wine grape. Additionally, the DPPH radical assay showed that the isolated component trans-δ-viniferin exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than trans-ε-viniferin and a little bit weaker than vitamin E at the same concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Kong
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueyan Ren
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruilin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Yin
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoshan Jiang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuanjiang Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Institute of Nuclear and
New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingliang Xie
- Institute of Nuclear and
New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced
Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People’s Republic of China
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9
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Centrifugal partition chromatography - A review of recent applications and some classic references. J Sep Sci 2017; 40:1597-1609. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201601221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Dispersed Mobile-Phase Countercurrent Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/separations3040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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11
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Lan W, Jing S, Li S, Luo G. Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer in a Countercurrent Multistage Microextraction System. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Lan
- State
Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
| | - Shan Jing
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shaowei Li
- Institute
of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Xu C, Jing S, Chu Y. Countercurrent Droplet-flow-based mini extraction with pulsed feeding and without moving parts. AIChE J 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.15267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Shan Jing
- Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Chu
- Division of Nuclear Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 P.R. China
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13
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Miyoshi N, Kundu SK, Tuziuti T, Yasui K, Shimada I, Ito Y. Combination of Sonodynamic and Photodynamic Therapy against Cancer Would Be Effective through Using a Regulated Size of Nanoparticles. NANOSCIENCE AND NANOENGINEERING 2016; 4:1-11. [PMID: 27088115 PMCID: PMC4827930 DOI: 10.13189/nn.2016.040101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have been used for many functional materials in nano-sciences and photo-catalyzing surface chemistry. The titanium oxide nanoparticles will be useful for the treatment of tumor by laser and/or ultrasound as the sensitizers in nano-medicine. We have studied the combination therapy of photo- and sono-dynamic therapies in an animal tumor model. Oral-administration of two sensitizers titanium oxide, 0.2%-TiO2 nanoparticles for sono-dynamic and 1 mM 5-aminolevulinic acid for photodynamic therapies have resulted in the best combination therapeutic effects for the cancer treatment. Our light microscopic and Raman spectroscopic studies revealed that the titanium nanoparticles were distributed inside the blood vessel of the cancer tissue (1-3 μm sizes). Among these nanoparticles with a broad size distribution, only particular-sized particles could penetrate through the blood vessel of the cancer tissue, while other particles may only exhibit the side effects in the model mouse. Therefore, it may be necessary to separate the optimum size particles. For this purpose we have separated TiO2 nanoparticles by countercurrent chromatography with a flat coiled column (1.6 mm ID) immersed in an ultrasonic bath (42 KHz). Separation was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of 1-butanol-acetic acid-water at a volume ratio of 4:1:5 at a flow rate of 0.1 ml/min. Countercurrent chromatographic separation yielded fractions containing particle aggregates at 31 and 4400 nm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Miyoshi
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan
| | - S. K. Kundu
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Bangladesh
| | - T. Tuziuti
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NAIST), Japan
| | - K. Yasui
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (NAIST), Japan
| | - I. Shimada
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fukui, Japan
| | - Y. Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, USA
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14
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Dasarathy D, Ito Y. An improved design of spiral tube assembly for separation of proteins by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1418:77-82. [PMID: 26427324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new spiral tube assembly was designed to improve the column capacity and partition efficiency for protein separation. This spiral tube assembly has greater column capacity than the original tubing because of an increase in radial grooves from 4 to 12 to accommodate more spiral layers and 12 narrow spots instead of 4 in each circular loop to interrupt the laminar flow that causes sample band broadening. Standard PTFE tubing (1.6mm ID) and the modified flat-twisted tubing were used as the separation column. The performances of both assemblies were compared for separating three stable test proteins including cytochrome c, myoglobin, and lysozyme using a two phase aqueous-aqueous solvent system composed of polyethylene glycol 1000 (12.5% w/w) and dibasic potassium phosphate (12.5% w/w). All samples were run at 1, 2, 3, and 5mL/min at both 800rpm and 1000rpm. The separation of these three protein samples produced high stationary phase retentions at 1, 2, and 3mL/min, yet separated efficiently at 5mL/min in 40min. After comparing the separation efficiency in terms of the peak resolutions, theoretical plate numbers, and separation times, it was determined that the flat-twisted tubing was more effective in separating these protein samples. In order to validate the efficacy of this novel assembly, a mixture of five protein samples (cytochrome c, myoglobin, ovalbumin, lysozyme, and hemoglobin) were separated, under the optimal conditions established with these three protein samples, at 1mL/min with a revolution speed of 1000rpm. There were high stationary phase retentions of around 60%, with effective separations, demonstrating the efficiency of the flat-twisted spiral tube assembly. The separation time of 6h was a limitation but can potentially be shortened by improving the strength of the column that will permit an increase in revolution speed and flow rate. This novel spiral separation column will allow rapid and efficient separation of mixtures with high yield of the constituent components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhweeja Dasarathy
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Hawken School, 12465 County Line Road, P.O. Box 8002, Gates Mills, OH 44040, USA
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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15
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Friesen JB, McAlpine JB, Chen SN, Pauli GF. Countercurrent Separation of Natural Products: An Update. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:1765-96. [PMID: 26177360 PMCID: PMC4517501 DOI: 10.1021/np501065h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This work assesses the current instrumentation, method development, and applications in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), collectively referred to as countercurrent separation (CCS). The article provides a critical review of the CCS literature from 2007 since our last review (J. Nat. Prod. 2008, 71, 1489-1508), with a special emphasis on the applications of CCS in natural products research. The current state of CCS is reviewed in regard to three continuing topics (instrumentation, solvent system development, theory) and three new topics (optimization of parameters, workflow, bioactivity applications). The goals of this review are to deliver the necessary background with references for an up-to-date perspective of CCS, to point out its potential for the natural product scientist, and thereby to induce new applications in natural product chemistry, metabolome, and drug discovery research involving organisms from terrestrial and marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Brent Friesen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
- Physical
Sciences Department, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, Illinois 60305, United States
| | - James B. McAlpine
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Shao-Nong Chen
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
| | - Guido F. Pauli
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and Institute for Tuberculosis Research,
College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois
at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United
States
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16
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Ito Y. Counter-current motion in counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1372:128-32. [PMID: 25301393 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
After the CCC2012 meeting, I have received an e-mail regarding the terminology of "Countercurrent Chromatography". It stated that the term "Countercurrent" is a misnomer, because its stationary phase is motionless in the column and that the method should be renamed as liquid-liquid separations or centrifugal separations. However, it was found that these names are already used for various other techniques as found via Google search. The term "Countercurrent Chromatography" was originally made after two preparative methods of Countercurrent distribution and liquid Chromatography, both having no countercurrent motion in the column. However, it is surprising to find that this F1 hybrid method "Countercurrent Chromatography" can clearly exhibit countercurrent motion within the separation column in both hydrodynamic and hydrostatic equilibrium systems. This justifies that "Countercurrent Chromatography" is a proper term for this chromatographic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center drive, Bldg. 10, Rm. 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Sousa AL, Sales QS, Braz-Filho R, de Oliveira RR. LIGNANS AND FLAVONOIDS ISOLATED FROM CUSCUTA RACEMOSA MART. & HUMB (CONVOLVULACEAE) BY DROPLET COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.631259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana L. Sousa
- a Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Queitilane S. Sales
- a Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Raimundo Braz-Filho
- a Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R. de Oliveira
- a Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Químicas , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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18
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Hubert J, Plé K, Hamzaoui M, Nuissier G, Hadef I, Reynaud R, Guilleret A, Renault JH. New perspectives for microbial glycolipid fractionation and purification processes. CR CHIM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crci.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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19
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Li S, Jing S, Luo Q, Chen J, Luo G. Bionic system for countercurrent multi-stage micro-extraction. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21818f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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20
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Counter-current chromatography: Simple process and confusing terminology. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6015-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Kostanyan AE, Voshkin AA, Kodin NV. Controlled-cycle pulsed liquid-liquid chromatography. A modified version of Craig's counter-current distribution. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:6135-43. [PMID: 21281934 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new liquid-liquid chromatography technique developed from a combination of controlled-cycle operation and a pulsed-mixing technique is suggested and validated. The controlled-cycle pulsed liquid-liquid chromatography (CPLC) system operates without involving a centrifuge and consists, of a series of multistage units, and a method for imparting pulsation motion to the liquids inside the units (the pulsation cycle). This chromatography technique can be considered as an improved continuous form of Craig's counter-current distribution method, or, alternatively, as a form of droplet chromatography with the cycling mode of operation. The theoretical model has been designed to account for the effects of the basic parameters influencing the CPLC operation. The theoretical model's suitability was proved by direct comparison between the experimental and model responses. The CPLC devices containing 1, 2, 4 and 5 multistage columns (each column was divided into 26 stages) have been designed, fabricated and tested; experiments were conducted to test the chromatographic behavior of organic (monocarboxylic) and mineral acids. The mass transfer rate in the stages depends on the nature of both--phase and sample systems: the highest values were achieved in experiments with acetic acid by using the octane/water biphasic system, where an equilibrium concentration distribution between stationary and mobile phases in the stages was attained. The results obtained demonstrated the potential of the new technique for preparative and industrial scale separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artak E Kostanyan
- Kurnakov Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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22
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Shibusawa Y, Shoji A, Suzuka C, Yanagida A, Ito Y. Counter-current chromatographic separation of nucleic acid constituents with a hydrophilic solvent system. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:3457-60. [PMID: 20362294 PMCID: PMC2860025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Revised: 03/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid constituents such as nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides were separated by counter-current chromatography using type J coil planet centrifuge. The separation was performed with a hydrophilic solvent system composed of 1-propanol/800 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (1:1, v/v) by eluting the lower aqueous phase at a flow-rate of 0.5 ml/min. Eight selected nucleic acid constituents (4.0 mg, 0.5 mg of each), uridine monophosphate (UMP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), deoxyadenosine monophosphate (dAMP), uridine, urasile, deoxy uridine, adenosine and adenine were well resolved within 160 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Shibusawa
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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23
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Costa FDN, Leitão GG. Strategies of solvent system selection for the isolation of flavonoids by countercurrent chromatography. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:336-47. [PMID: 20169552 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Flavonoids form a large class of important naturally occurring bioactive compounds. Their isolation and purification from natural sources can sometimes be very difficult and time-consuming when traditional phytochemical techniques are used. Countercurrent chromatography (CCC), a support-free liquid-liquid partition chromatography technique, is very useful for the isolation of polar compounds and its use is increasing in the natural products field. In this paper, we propose strategies of solvent system selection for the isolation of flavonoids by CCC, based on data from the literature, plus incorporation of own practical experiences. The selected references report the isolation of over 300 different flavonoid compounds from more than 100 plant species, using 40 different solvent systems, showing the versatility of this technique. The solvent system hexane-ethylacetate-methanol-water is proposed as a starting point for the separation of samples containing free flavonoids, as it was cited in more than 60% of the papers. A "fine tuning" step is proposed at each level of this solvent family. Other modifications include exchanging the alcohol in the system as well as introducing a fifth solvent. The solvent system ethyl-acetate-butanol-water is proposed as the starting point for glycosylated flavonoids. Other solvent systems are also discussed. The use of gradients is proposed for samples containing both free and glycosylated flavonoids, as the polarity window is larger in these cases. High-speed countercurrent chromatography was used in 89% of the reviewed data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda das Neves Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Núcleo de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Winterhalter P, Schreier P. The generation of norisoprenoid volatiles in starfruit(Averrhoa carambolaL.): A review∗. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129509541041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Kostanyan AE, Voshkin AA. Support-free pulsed liquid-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:7761-6. [PMID: 19758594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/04/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A simple technique of support-free liquid-liquid chromatography is suggested that operates without incorporation of a centrifuge. The pulsed chromatography apparatus consists of a stationary coiled tube and a pulsation device to produce reciprocating motion of liquid phases within each individual coil segment. This reciprocating motion generates a centrifugal force field varying in intensity and direction that leads to an improved mixing of the two liquid phases and retains the stationary phase in the coiled tubing. The intensity of the back and forth motion of liquid phases within each coil unit can be varied by varying the frequency and/or the amplitude of the pulsations generated by the pulsation device. As the magnitude of the stationary phase retention is of paramount importance for success of the technique, the retention of the stationary phase in the pulsed coil column was experimentally studied. A few experiments were conducted to test the chromatographic behavior of valeric (n-pentanoic) and caproic (n-hexanoic) acids. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of the new separation method for preparative purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artak E Kostanyan
- Kurnakov Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospekt 31, Moscow 119991, Russia.
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26
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Rodrigues VF, Carmo HM, Oliveira RR, Filho RB, Mathias L, Vieira IJC. Isolation of Terpenoids from Trichilia quadrijuga (Meliaceae) by Droplet Counter-Current Chromatography. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1293-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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27
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Friesen JB, Pauli GF. Binary concepts and standardization in counter-current separation technology. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4237-44. [PMID: 19203761 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Counter-current separation (CS) technology is currently faced with the challenge of being fit for the purpose of omics analysis, which involves highly complex samples and digitized research environments. Resembling a network of binary decisions, CS requires standardization of operation parameters in order to be efficient. While recent CS engineering solutions uniformly involve centrifugal force designs to overcome the limitation of the earth's 1xg force, factors of instrument design, operation, and graphical representation of the outcome are equally important targets for standardization. For example, chromatograms that emphasize the unique K-based nature of CS, such as reciprocal symmetry (ReS) plots, foster the fundamental understanding of CS operation. Because significant differences exist in underlying mechanism (e.g., stationary phase volume), outcome (e.g., construction of chromatograms), and scale (e.g., factors affecting overall method sensitivity) of solid-liquid vs. liquid-liquid chromatography technologies, standardization will enable the systematic exploration of the differential properties of the two LC technologies, and will be key to making CS fit for the digital omics age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Friesen
- Department of Natural Science, Rosary College of Arts and Sciences, Dominican University, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
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28
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Berthod A, Ruiz-Angel MJ, Carda-Broch S. Countercurrent chromatography: people and applications. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1216:4206-17. [PMID: 18986655 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 10/02/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The scientific literature was scanned for the published research articles dealing with countercurrent chromatography (CCC) over the time period 1980-May 2008. The search returned 1638 articles that were analyzed focussing on people and applications. Concerning the people, it was found that the geographical location of the CCC authors was relatively well balanced between USA, Asia with mainly China and Japan and Europe. Yoichiro Ito, the inventor of the technique, is by far the most productive author in the field with 331 articles or more than one over five CCC articles published in the time period. Without surprise, English is the dominant language with more than 82% of the articles. A significant 8% amount of CCC articles were published in Chinese in Chinese journals. Chromatography journals are the logical tribune for half of the published CCC articles. Concerning the applications, the separation and purification of natural compounds is the dominant theme in CCC making the subject of more than one article over two. Starting from the plant extract, CCC in few steps can produce significant amounts of more than 95% pure compounds used for identification and/or property studies. Other applications are found in the pharmaceutical and chemical field. The separation of enantiomers on the preparative scale is a field of growing importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berthod
- Université de Lyon, CNRS UMR, Villeurbanne, France.
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29
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Pauli GF, Pro SM, Friesen JB. Countercurrent separation of natural products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1489-508. [PMID: 18666799 DOI: 10.1021/np800144q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An assessment of the technology and method development in countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC), collectively referred to as countercurrent separation (CS), is provided. More than six decades of CS theory and applications are critically reviewed and developed into a practical guide to CS for natural products research. The necessary theoretical foundation is given for better use of CS in the separation of biological molecules of any size, small to large, and from any matrix, simple to complex. The three operational fundamentals of CS--instrumentation, biphasic solvent systems, and theory--are covered in a prismatic fashion. The goal of this review is to provide the necessary background and references for an up-to-date perspective of CS and to point out its potential for the natural products scientist for applications in natural products chemistry, metabolome, and proteome research involving organisms from terrestrial and marine sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido F Pauli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
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30
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He S, Lu Y, Wu B, Pan Y. Isolation and purification of antioxidative isomeric polyphenols from the roots of Parthenocissus laetevirens by counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1151:175-9. [PMID: 17382336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Revised: 01/25/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Upright counter-current chromatography (CCC) with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (1:2:1:2, v/v/v/v) was applied to the isolation and purification of polyphenols from the roots of Parthenocissus laetevirens. Two cis-trans isomeric resveratrol dimers - quadrangularin A and parthenocissin A - were obtained from the crude sample in a one-step separation, with purities of 95.4 and 97.6%, respectively, as determined by HPLC. The structures of these two compounds were identified by (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR. Furthermore, their antioxidant activities were determined by beta-carotene bleaching assay. The antioxidant activities of quadrangularin A and parthenocissin A were higher than that of vitamin C in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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31
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Lu Y, Sun C, Wang Y, Pan Y. Two-dimensional counter-current chromatography for the preparative separation of prenylflavonoids from Artocarpus altilis. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1151:31-6. [PMID: 17376457 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A two-dimensional counter-current chromatographic system (2D-CCC) for preparative isolation and purification of three prenylflavonoids from Artocarpus altilis is presented. An upright CCC instrument (CCC1, total capacity: 1600 ml) was used as the first dimension. Effluent of interest from CCC1 was collected on-line into a 30 ml sample loop by a laboratory-prepared column-switching interface and introduced into a high-speed CCC instrument (CCC2, total capacity: 210 ml) for the second dimension separation. With this 2D-CCC system and a pair of two-phase solvent systems composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (5:5:7:3 and 5:5:6.5:3.5, v/v/v/v), which had been selected by high-speed CCC, about a 500 mg amount of the crude extract was separated, yielding 9 mg of compound 1, 28 mg of compound 2 and 78 mg of compound 3. The purities of the three prenylflavonoids were 98.7 (1), 98.3 (2) and 97.2% (3), respectively, as determined by HPLC analysis. Their chemical structures were identified by electrospray ionization MS, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjiang Pan
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Lu
- a Department of Chemistry , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
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33
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Ito Y. Origin and Evolution of the Coil Planet Centrifuge: A Personal Reflection of My 40 Years of CCC Research and Development. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/15422110500322883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Ito
- a Center for Biochemistry and Biophysics , National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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34
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Wang-Fan W, Küsters E, Mak CP, Wang Y. APPLICATION OF CENTRIFUGAL COUNTER-CURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY TO THE SEPARATION OF MACROLIDE ANTIBIOTIC ANALOGUES. II. DETERMINATION OF PARTITION COEFFICIENTS IN COMPARISON WITH THE SHAKE-FLASK METHOD. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weizheng Wang-Fan
- a Novartis Pharma Inc. , Chemical and Analytical Development, Basle , CH-4002 , Switzerland
| | - Ernst Küsters
- b Novartis Pharma Inc. , Chemical and Analytical Development, Basle , CH-4002 , Switzerland
| | - Ching -Pong Mak
- a Novartis Pharma Inc. , Chemical and Analytical Development, Basle , CH-4002 , Switzerland
| | - Ying Wang
- a Novartis Pharma Inc. , Chemical and Analytical Development, Basle , CH-4002 , Switzerland
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35
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Shibusawa Y, Yanagida A, Shindo H, Ito Y. Separation of Apple Catechin Oligomers by CCC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-120021270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Shibusawa
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science , 1432‐1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo , 192‐0392 , Japan
| | - Akio Yanagida
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science , 1432‐1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo , 192‐0392 , Japan
| | - Heisaburo Shindo
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science , 1432‐1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo , 192‐0392 , Japan
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- b Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , Maryland , USA
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36
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Hostettmann K, Marston A. COUNTERCURRENT CHROMATOGRAPHY IN THE PREPARATIVE SEPARATION OF PLANT-DERIVED NATURAL PRODUCTS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1081/jlc-100104373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Hostettmann
- a Institut de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie, Université de Lausanne , Lausanne , CH-1015 , Switzerland
| | - A. Marston
- a Institut de Pharmacognosie et Phytochimie, Université de Lausanne , Lausanne , CH-1015 , Switzerland
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37
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Shibusawa Y, Ito Y. Purification of Proteins From Cell-Culture Medium or Cell-Lysate by High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography Using Cross-Axis Coil Planet Centrifuge. THE OPEN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2007; 1:28-37. [PMID: 25360182 PMCID: PMC4211269 DOI: 10.2174/1874065000701010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review describes protein purifications from cell culture medium or cell-lysate by high speed counter-current chromatography using the cross-axis coil planet centrifuge. Purifications were performed using aqueous two phase systems composed of polyethylene glycols and dextrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Shibusawa
- Division of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Center for Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8014, USA
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38
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Sandlin JL, Ito Y. Gram Quantity Separation of DNP (Dinitrophenyl) Amino Acids with Multi-Layer Coil Countercurrent Chromatography (CCC). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918408073970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Hostettmann K, Appolonia C, Domon B, Hostettmann M. Droplet Countercurrent Chromatography - New Applications in Natural Products Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918408073964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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40
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Shibusawa Y, Yamakawa Y, Noji R, Yanagida A, Shindo H, Ito Y. Three-phase solvent systems for comprehensive separation of a wide variety of compounds by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1133:119-25. [PMID: 16920128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three-phase solvent systems were efficiently utilized for high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) to separate multiple components with a wide range of hydrophobicity. The compositions of three-phase systems were optimized according to their physical parameters such as volume ratio, viscosity and specific gravity of upper (UP), middle (MP) and lower (LP) phases. The three-phase systems composed of n-hexane-methyl acetate-acetonitrile-water (4:4:3:4, v/v/v/v) was selected for HSCCC separation of a mixture of 15 standard compounds with a wide range in hydrophobicity from beta-carotene to tryptophan. The separation was initiated by filling the column with a mixture of MP and LP both as a stationary phase followed by elution with UP to separate the hydrophobic compounds. Then the mobile phase was switched to MP to elute the moderately hydrophobic compounds, and finally the polar compounds still retained in the column were fractionated by eluting the column with LP. The system successfully resolved all 15 compounds in one-step operation in 70 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Shibusawa
- Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Division of Structural Biology and Analytical Science, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan.
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41
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Shibusawa Y, Yamaguchi M, Ito Y. Polyethylene Glycol-Potassium Phosphate Aqueous Two-Phase Systems for Countercurrent Chromatography of Proteins. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079808001941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shibusawa
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science , 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo, 192-03, Japan
| | - M. Yamaguchi
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science , 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji Tokyo, 192-03, Japan
| | - Y. Ito
- b Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry , National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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42
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Kong Z, Rinehart KL, Milberg RM, Conway WD. Application of High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography/Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HSCCC/ESIMS) in Natural Products Chemistry. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10826079808001936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Kong
- a School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - K. L. Rinehart
- a School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - R. M. Milberg
- a School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL, 61801
| | - W. D. Conway
- b School of Pharmacy State University of New York at Buffalo , Amherst, NY, 14260
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43
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44
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Lu Y, Sun C, Wang Y, Pan Y. Preparative isolation and purification of two phenylbutenoids from the rhizomes of Zingiber cassumunar by upright counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1089:258-62. [PMID: 16130795 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two phenylbutenoids, (E)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-enyl acetate and (E)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-1,3-diene, were separated from the rhizomes of Zingiber Cassumunar using a preparative upright counter-current chromatography (CCC). With a two-phase solvent system composed of light petroleum (b.p. 60-90 degrees C)-ethanol-diethyl ether-water (5:4:2:1, v/v), 150 mg of (E)-4-(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)but-3-enyl acetate and 175 mg of (E)-4-(3','-dimethoxyphenyl)but- 1,3-diene with the purity of 98.7 and 95.1%, respectively, were obtained from 600 mg of the crude sample of Z. Cassumunar in a single-step separation. Structures of these two compounds were identified by ESI-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 310027, China
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45
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Ito Y. Golden rules and pitfalls in selecting optimum conditions for high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1065:145-68. [PMID: 15782961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1135] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to be an aid to those chemists who are interested in utilizing high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC), which is free of irreversible adsorption and offers high resolution comparable to column chromatography. It explains the selection of HSCCC conditions step by step including the selection of two-phase solvent systems, determination of partition coefficient (K) of analytes, preparation of two-phase solvent system and sample solution, selection of elution mode, flow rate, rotation speed, and on-line monitoring of the eluate. The paper covers both standard HSCCC and pH-zone-refining CCC techniques. Technical terms (italic) unfamiliar to the beginner are comprehensively explained in Glossary. Various examples of two-phase solvent systems used in HSCCC are listed in Appendices A and B. The commercial sources of HSCCC and other CCC instruments are described in detail in the study edited by Berthod [A. Berthod (Ed.), Counter-current Chromatography, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2003].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Ito
- Center of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-8014, USA.
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Wu S, Sun C, Cao X, Zhou H, Hong Z, Pan Y. Preparative counter-current chromatography isolation of liensinine and its analogues from embryo of the seed of Nelumbo nucifera GAERTN. using upright coil planet centrifuge with four multilayer coils connected in series. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1041:153-62. [PMID: 15281264 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Preparative counter-current chromatography (CCC) isolation of liensinine and its analogues, isoliensinine and neferine from embryo of the seed of Nelumbo nucifera GAERTN. has been successfully performed for the first time using upright coil planet centrifuge with four multilayer coils connected in series with 1600 mL capacity. Two kinds of two-phase solvent systems were applied to preparative CCC isolation. The first was the system composed of light petroleum (b.p. 60-90 degrees C)-ethyl acetate-tetrachloromethane-chloroform-methanol-water (1:1:4:4:6:2, v/v) which was very suitable for fast and small-scale CCC isolation. The second was the system composed of ethyl acetate-tetrachloromethane-methanol-water (1:6:4:1, v/v), which was the optimum for large-scale CCC isolation. Using the first system, 1102 mg of the crude alkaloid was purified in one-step separation of 150 min, yielding 350 mg neferine, 100 mg isoliensinine and 95 mg liensinine with over 95% purity. While using the second solvent system, 5850 mg of the crude alkaloid was purified in one-step separation of 9 h, yielding 2545 mg neferine, 698 mg isoliensinine and 650 mg liensinine with over 97% purity. Structures of the compounds were identified by electrospray ionization multiple mass spectrometry, one- and two-dimensional NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihua Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Chapter 11 Liquid—liquid extraction. SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION FOR FIELD AND LABORATORY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(02)80048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Shibusaw Y, Yanagida A, Isozaki M, Shindo H, Ito Y. Separation of apple procyanidins into different degrees of polymerization by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2001; 915:253-7. [PMID: 11358256 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)00575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Apple procyanidins were fractionated by high-speed counter-current chromatography in a one-step operation from apple condensed tannins using a type-J multilayer coil planet centrifuge. The separation of procyanidins was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of methyl acetate-water (1:1) by eluting the upper phase at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min. Each fraction was examined by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Procyanidins were separated according to their degrees of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shibusaw
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan
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50
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Shibusawa Y, Yanagida A, Ito A, Ichihashi K, Shindo H, Ito Y. High-speed counter-current chromatography of apple procyanidins. J Chromatogr A 2000; 886:65-73. [PMID: 10950276 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00448-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Apple procyanidins were separated by high-speed counter-current chromatography using a type-J multilayer coil planet centrifuge. Several two-phase solvent systems with a wide range of hydrophobicities from a non-polar hexane system to polar n-butanol systems were evaluated their performance in terms of the partition coefficient and the retention of the phase. The best separation of procyanidins B and C was achieved with a two-phase solvent system composed of n-butanol-methyl tert.-butyl ether-acetonitrile-0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (2:4:3:8) using the lower phase as a mobile at a flow-rate of 1.0 ml/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shibusawa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan
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