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Interhemispheric antiphasing of neotropical precipitation during the past millennium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120015119. [PMID: 35446705 PMCID: PMC9169948 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120015119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) responses to external forcing is critical for predicting climate change in a warming world. We analyzed paleoclimate records of precipitation change in the neotropics and climate model simulations that span the preindustrial last millennium to assess ITCZ behavior on multicentury timescales. Our results demonstrate that the ITCZ shifted southward during the Little Ice Age in the Atlantic basin in response to relative cooling of the Northern Hemisphere driven by volcanic forcing. This finding contrasts with studies suggesting that changes in ITCZ width and/or strength, rather than a change in mean position, occurred during the Little Ice Age. This reinforces the idea that ITCZ responses to external forcing are region specific. Uncertainty about the influence of anthropogenic radiative forcing on the position and strength of convective rainfall in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) inhibits our ability to project future tropical hydroclimate change in a warmer world. Paleoclimatic and modeling data inform on the timescales and mechanisms of ITCZ variability; yet a comprehensive, long-term perspective remains elusive. Here, we quantify the evolution of neotropical hydroclimate over the preindustrial past millennium (850 to 1850 CE) using a synthesis of 48 paleo-records, accounting for uncertainties in paleo-archive age models. We show that an interhemispheric pattern of precipitation antiphasing occurred on multicentury timescales in response to changes in natural radiative forcing. The conventionally defined “Little Ice Age” (1450 to 1850 CE) was marked by a clear shift toward wetter conditions in the southern neotropics and a less distinct and spatiotemporally complex transition toward drier conditions in the northern neotropics. This pattern of hydroclimatic change is consistent with results from climate model simulations indicating that a relative cooling of the Northern Hemisphere caused a southward shift in the thermal equator across the Atlantic basin and a southerly displacement of the ITCZ in the tropical Americas, with volcanic forcing as the principal driver. These findings are at odds with proxy-based reconstructions of ITCZ behavior in the western Pacific basin, where changes in ITCZ width and intensity, rather than mean position, appear to have driven hydroclimate transitions over the last millennium. This reinforces the idea that ITCZ responses to external forcing are region specific, complicating projections of the tropical precipitation response to global warming.
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Two Thousand Years of Land-Use and Vegetation Evolution in the Andean Highlands of Northern Chile Inferred from Pollen and Charcoal Analyses. QUATERNARY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/quat1030032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The European conquest of the New World produced major socio-environmental reorganization in the Americas, but for many specific regions and ecosystems, we still do not understand how these changes occurred within a broader temporal framework. In this paper, we reconstruct the long-term environmental and vegetation changes experienced by high-altitude wetlands of the southcentral Andes over the last two millennia. Pollen and charcoal analyses of a 5.5-m-long core recovered from the semi-arid puna of northern Chile indicate that while climatic drivers influenced vegetation turnaround, human land use and management strategies significantly affected long-term changes. Our results indicate that the puna vegetation mostly dominated by grasslands and some peatland taxa stabilized during the late Holocene, xerophytic shrubs expanded during extremely dry events, and peatland vegetation persisted in relation to landscape-scale management strategies by Andean pastoralist societies. Environmental changes produced during the post-conquest period included the introduction of exotic taxa, such as clovers, associated with the translocation of exotic herding animals (sheep, cattle, and donkeys) and a deterioration in the management of highland wetlands.
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Evaluating Glacier Volume Changes since the Little Ice Age Maximum and Consequences for Stream Flow by Integrating Models of Glacier Flow and Hydrology in the Cordillera Blanca, Peruvian Andes. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10121732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evaluating the historical contribution of the volume loss of ice to stream flow based on reconstructed volume changes through the Little Ice Age (LIA) can be directly related to the understanding of glacier-hydrology in the current epoch of rapid glacier loss that has disquieting implications for a water resource in the Cordillera Blanca in the Peruvian Andes. However, the accurate prediction of the future glacial meltwater availability for the developing regional Andean society needs more extensive quantitative estimation from long-term glacial meltwater of reconstructed glacial volume. Modeling the LIA paleoglaciers through the mid-19th century (with the most extensive recent period of mountain glacier expansion having occurred around 1850 AD) in different catchments of the Cordillera Blanca allows us to reconstruct glacier volume and its change from likely combinations of climatic control variables and time. We computed the rate and magnitude of centennial-scale glacier volume changes for glacier surfaces between the LIA and the modern era, as defined by 2011 Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) Global Digital Elevation Model Version 2 (GDEM V2) and 2008 Light Detection and Range (LiDAR) data. The model simulation showed good agreement with the observed geomorphic data and the volume and surface area (V-S) scaling remained within the 25% error range in the reconstructed simulation. Also, we employed a recently demonstrated approach (Baraër, M. et al.) to calculate meltwater contribution to glacierized catchment runoff. The results revealed multiple peaks of both mean annual and dry season discharge that have never been shown in previous research on the same mountain range.
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Londoño AC, Williams PR, Hart ML. A change in landscape: Lessons learned from abandonment of ancient Wari agricultural terraces in Southern Peru. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2017; 202:532-542. [PMID: 28094063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ancient agricultural terrace practices have survived for millennia, sustaining populations through extreme climatic shifts and political regime changes. In arid regions with abrupt relief such as Southern Peru, agricultural terracing is undergoing a resurgence, as has seen revitalization of once abandoned terrace and hydraulic systems. Wari terraces at Cerro Baul provide clues to past cultural practices. They also document sustainable farming practices by using resilient land management techniques which can help combat desertification and degradation of arable lands. Three abandoned Wari terrace systems were mapped using microtopographic methods, the erosion patterns examined, the states of preservation compared, and then the design contrasted with modern terracing practices in the Moquegua Valley. In order to negate the harmful effects of desertification, rehabilitation and reconstruction of these terraces using ancient knowledge and techniques may be necessary. Rehabilitation must be conducted with consideration for preservation of cultural patrimony that may be encountered within the terrace treads or riser structures. With future climatic shifts impacting vulnerable dryland areas more than others, the ability to resiliently respond to these changes may be found in the lessons learned from ancient farming techniques such as the Wari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Londoño
- Department of Earth Sciences, Lindenwood University, 209 S. Kingshighway, St. Charles, MO 63301, USA.
| | - Patrick Ryan Williams
- Department of Anthropology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Megan L Hart
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri Kansas City, 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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5
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Beal SA, Kelly MA, Stroup JS, Jackson BP, Lowell TV, Tapia PM. Natural and anthropogenic variations in atmospheric mercury deposition during the Holocene near Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru. GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES 2014; 28:437-450. [PMID: 30760944 PMCID: PMC6370314 DOI: 10.1002/2013gb004780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic metal that is transported globally through the atmosphere. The emission of Hg from mineral reservoirs and subsequent recycling in surface reservoirs (i.e., soil/biomass, ocean, and atmosphere) are fundamental to the modern global Hg cycle, yet past emissions from anthropogenic and natural sources are not fully constrained. We use a sediment core from Yanacocha, a headwater lake in southeastern Peru, to study the anthropogenic and natural controls on atmospheric Hg deposition during the Holocene. From 12.3 to 3.5 ka, Hg fluxes in the record are relatively constant (mean ± 1σ: 1.4 ± 0.6 μg m-2 a-1, n = 189). Past Hg deposition does not correlate with changes in regional temperature and precipitation, inferred from nearby paleoclimate records, or with most large volcanic events that occurred regionally, in the Andean Central Volcanic Zone (~300-400 km from Yanacocha), and globally. In B.C. 1450 (3.4 ka), Hg fluxes abruptly increased and reached the Holocene-maximum flux (6.7 μg m-2 a-1) in B.C. 1200, concurrent with a ~100-year peak in Fe and chalcophile metals (As, Ag, Tl) and the presence of framboidal pyrite. Continuously elevated Hg fluxes from B.C. 1200-500 suggest a protracted mining-dust source near Yanacocha that is identical in timing to documented pre-Incan cinnabar mining in central Peru. During Incan and Colonial time (A.D. 1450-1650), Hg deposition remains elevated relative to background levels but lower relative to other Hg records from sediment cores in central Peru, indicating a limited spatial extent of preindustrial Hg emissions. Hg fluxes from A.D. 1980 to 2011 (4.0 ± 1.0 μg m-2 a-1, n = 5) are 3.0 ± 1.5 times greater than pre-anthropogenic fluxes and are similar to modern fluxes documented in remote lakes around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Beal
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Meredith A Kelly
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Justin S Stroup
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Brian P Jackson
- Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Thomas V Lowell
- Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Pedro M Tapia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis ME, Zagorodnov VS, Howat IM, Mikhalenko VN, Lin PN. Annually resolved ice core records of tropical climate variability over the past ~1800 years. Science 2013; 340:945-50. [PMID: 23558172 DOI: 10.1126/science.1234210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ice cores from low latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 meters above sea level) in Peru that extend back ~1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (δ(18)O) are linked to sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, whereas concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quelccaya continues to retreat and thin. Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate that it has not been smaller for at least six millennia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G Thompson
- Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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7
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Interpreting Continental Oxygen Isotope Records. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm078p0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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8
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Palais JM, Sigurdsson H. Petrologic Evidence of Volatile Emissions from Major Historic and Pre-Historic Volcanic Eruptions. UNDERSTANDING CLIMATE CHANGE 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm052p0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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9
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Weems SL, Monger HC. Banded vegetation-dune development during the Medieval Warm Period and 20th century, Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA. Ecosphere 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/es11-00194.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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10
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A 2,300-year-long annually resolved record of the South American summer monsoon from the Peruvian Andes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:8583-8. [PMID: 21555548 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1003719108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decadal and centennial mean state changes in South American summer monsoon (SASM) precipitation during the last 2,300 years are detailed using an annually resolved authigenic calcite record of precipitation δ(18)O from a varved lake in the Central Peruvian Andes. This unique sediment record shows that δ(18)O peaked during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) from A.D. 900 to 1100, providing evidence that the SASM weakened considerably during this period. Minimum δ(18)O values occurred during the Little Ice Age (LIA) between A.D. 1400 and 1820, reflecting a prolonged intensification of the SASM that was regionally synchronous. After the LIA, δ(18)O increased rapidly, particularly during the current warm period (CWP; A.D. 1900 to present), indicating a return to reduced SASM precipitation that was more abrupt and sustained than the onset of the MCA. Diminished SASM precipitation during the MCA and CWP tracks reconstructed Northern Hemisphere and North Atlantic warming and a northward displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) over the Atlantic, and likely the Pacific. Intensified SASM precipitation during the LIA follows reconstructed Northern Hemisphere and North Atlantic cooling, El Niño-like warming in the Pacific, and a southward displacement of the ITCZ over both oceans. These results suggest that SASM mean state changes are sensitive to ITCZ variability as mediated by Western Hemisphere tropical sea surface temperatures, particularly in the Atlantic. Continued Northern Hemisphere and North Atlantic warming may therefore help perpetuate the recent reductions in SASM precipitation that characterize the last 100 years, which would negatively impact Andean water resources.
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11
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Pessenda LC, Saia SE, Gouveia SE, Ledru MP, Sifeddine A, Amaral PG, Bendassolli JA. Last millennium environmental changes and climate inferences in the Southeastern Atlantic forest, Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2010; 82:717-29. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652010000300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents paleoenvironmental data based on pollen, elemental and isotopic compositions of organic matter (TOC, N, d13C and d15N) and 14C dating of 170 cm lake sediment record. Samplings have been made in Lagoa Grande at Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira - PETAR, Southern São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil. The variations in relative frequencies (in percentage) of arboreal pollen along the core range between 40 and 80%. The d13C values ranged from -23‰ to -30‰ and C/N of ~10 to 15, indicating the contribution of terrestrial C3 plants and algae in the sediment organic matter. The d15N results presented values from 3 to 4.5‰, also suggesting a mixture of algae and terrestrial C3 plants. The 14C dating indicates modern age for the shallow horizons to ~1030 BP at the base of the core. A probable wetter climate in the period of ~370 BP to ~340 BP was inferred from the data set, which corresponds to a part of the period covered by the Little Ice Age (LIA).
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12
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Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis ME, Lin PN, Henderson KA, Cole-Dai J, Bolzan JF, Liu KB. Late glacial stage and holocene tropical ice core records from huascaran, peru. Science 2010; 269:46-50. [PMID: 17787701 DOI: 10.1126/science.269.5220.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 652] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Two ice cores from the col of Huascarán in the north-central Andes of Peru contain a paleoclimatic history extending well into the Wisconsinan (Würm) Glacial Stage and include evidence of the Younger Dryas cool phase. Glacial stage conditions at high elevations in the tropics appear to have been as much as 8 degrees to 12 degrees C cooler than today, the atmosphere contained about 200 times as much dust, and the Amazon Basin forest cover may have been much less extensive. Differences in both the oxygen isotope ratio zeta(18)O (8 per mil) and the deuterium excess (4.5 per mil) from the Late Glacial Stage to the Holocene are comparable with polar ice core records. These data imply that the tropical Atlantic was possibly 5 degrees to 6 degrees C cooler during the Late Glacial Stage, that the climate was warmest from 8400 to 5200 years before present, and that it cooled gradually, culminating with the Little Ice Age (200 to 500 years before present). A strong warming has dominated the last two centuries.
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13
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Licciardi JM, Schaefer JM, Taggart JR, Lund DC. Holocene Glacier Fluctuations in the Peruvian Andes Indicate Northern Climate Linkages. Science 2009; 325:1677-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1175010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Licciardi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Joerg M. Schaefer
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Geochemistry, Palisades NY 10964, USA
| | - Jean R. Taggart
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - David C. Lund
- University of Michigan, Department of Geological Sciences, Ann Arbor MI 48109, USA
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Schmidt SK, Nemergut DR, Miller AE, Freeman KR, King AJ, Seimon A. Microbial activity and diversity during extreme freeze-thaw cycles in periglacial soils, 5400 m elevation, Cordillera Vilcanota, Perú. Extremophiles 2009. [PMID: 19597697 DOI: 10.1007/s00792–009–0268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2022]
Abstract
High-elevation periglacial soils are among the most extreme soil systems on Earth and may be good analogs for the polar regions of Mars where oligotrophic mineral soils abut with polar ice caps. Here we report on preliminary studies carried out during an expedition to an area where recent glacial retreat has exposed porous mineral soils to extreme, daily freeze-thaw cycles and high UV fluxes. We used in situ methods to show that inorganic nitrogen (NO(3) (-) and NH(4) (+)) was being actively cycled even during a period when diurnal soil temperatures (5 cm depth) ranged from -12 to 27 degrees C and when sub-zero, soil cooling rates reached 1.8 degrees C h(-1) (the most rapid soil cooling rates recorded to date). Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of microbial phylotypes present at our highest sites (5410 m above sea level) showed the presence of nitrifying bacteria of the genus Nitrospira and newly discovered nitrite-oxidizing Betaproteobacteria. These soils were overwhelmingly dominated (>70% of phylotypes) by photosynthetic bacteria that were related to novel cyanobacteria previously found almost exclusively in other plant-free, high-elevation soils. We also demonstrated that soils from our highest sites had higher potential for mineralizing glutamate and higher microbial biomass than lower elevation soils that had been more recently covered by ice. Overall, our findings indicate that a diverse and robustly functioning microbial ecosystem is present in these previously unstudied high-elevation soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Schmidt
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
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15
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Microbial activity and diversity during extreme freeze-thaw cycles in periglacial soils, 5400 m elevation, Cordillera Vilcanota, Perú. Extremophiles 2009; 13:807-16. [PMID: 19597697 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-009-0268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
High-elevation periglacial soils are among the most extreme soil systems on Earth and may be good analogs for the polar regions of Mars where oligotrophic mineral soils abut with polar ice caps. Here we report on preliminary studies carried out during an expedition to an area where recent glacial retreat has exposed porous mineral soils to extreme, daily freeze-thaw cycles and high UV fluxes. We used in situ methods to show that inorganic nitrogen (NO(3) (-) and NH(4) (+)) was being actively cycled even during a period when diurnal soil temperatures (5 cm depth) ranged from -12 to 27 degrees C and when sub-zero, soil cooling rates reached 1.8 degrees C h(-1) (the most rapid soil cooling rates recorded to date). Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses of microbial phylotypes present at our highest sites (5410 m above sea level) showed the presence of nitrifying bacteria of the genus Nitrospira and newly discovered nitrite-oxidizing Betaproteobacteria. These soils were overwhelmingly dominated (>70% of phylotypes) by photosynthetic bacteria that were related to novel cyanobacteria previously found almost exclusively in other plant-free, high-elevation soils. We also demonstrated that soils from our highest sites had higher potential for mineralizing glutamate and higher microbial biomass than lower elevation soils that had been more recently covered by ice. Overall, our findings indicate that a diverse and robustly functioning microbial ecosystem is present in these previously unstudied high-elevation soils.
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16
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Li Y, Cole‐Dai J, Zhou L. Glaciochemical evidence in an East Antarctica ice core of a recent (AD 1450–1850) neoglacial episode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Baker PA, Fritz SC, Burns SJ, Ekdahl E, Rigsby CA. The Nature and Origin of Decadal to Millennial Scale Climate Variability in the Southern Tropics of South America: The Holocene Record of Lago Umayo, Peru. PAST CLIMATE VARIABILITY IN SOUTH AMERICA AND SURROUNDING REGIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2672-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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18
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Chen F, Huang X, Zhang J, Holmes JA, Chen J. Humid Little Ice Age in arid central Asia documented by Bosten Lake, Xinjiang, China. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11430-006-2027-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Zhou L, Li Y, Jihong CD, Tan D, Sun B, Ren J, Wei L, Wang H. A 780-year record of explosive volcanism from DT263 ice core in east Antarctica. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-006-2164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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MOONEY SCOTTD, MALTBY EMMAL. Two proxy records revealing the late Holocene fire history at a site on the central coast of New South Wales, Australia. AUSTRAL ECOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01594.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Zagorski N. Profile of Lonnie G. Thompson. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:11437-9. [PMID: 16868075 PMCID: PMC1544187 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605347103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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22
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Fisher DA, Wake C, Kreutz K, Yalcin K, Steig E, Mayewski P, Anderson L, Zheng J, Rupper S, Zdanowicz C, Demuth M, Waszkiewicz M, Dahl-Jensen D, Goto-Azuma K, Bourgeois JB, Koerner RM, Sekerka J, Osterberg E, Abbott MB, Finney BP, Burns SJ. Stable Isotope Records from Mount Logan, Eclipse Ice Cores and Nearby Jellybean Lake. Water Cycle of the North Pacific Over 2000 Years and Over Five Vertical Kilometres: Sudden Shifts and Tropical Connections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.7202/013147ar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Three ice cores recovered on or near Mount Logan, together with a nearby lake record (Jellybean Lake), cover variously 500 to 30 000 years. This suite of records offers a unique view of the lapse rate in stable isotopes from the lower to upper troposphere. The region is climatologically important, being beside the Cordilleran pinning-point of the Rossby Wave system and the Aleutian Low. Comparison of stable isotope series over the last 2000 years and model simulations suggest sudden and persistent shifts between modern (mixed) and zonal flow regimes of water vapour transport to the Pacific Northwest. The last such shift was in A.D. 1840. Model simulations for modern and “pure” zonal flow suggest that these shifts are consistent regime changes between these flow types, with predominantly zonal flow prior to ca. A.D. 1840 and modern thereafter. The 5.4 and 0.8 km asl records show a shift at A.D. 1840 and another at A.D. 800. It is speculated that the A.D. 1840 regime shift coincided with the end of the Little Ice Age and the A.D. 800 shift with the beginning of the European Medieval Warm Period. The shifts are very abrupt, taking only a few years at most.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Fisher
- Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8
| | - C. Wake
- Climate Change Research Center, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - K. Kreutz
- Climate Change Institute and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - K. Yalcin
- Climate Change Research Center, Morse Hall, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
| | - E. Steig
- Quaternary Research Center, 19 Johnson Hall, Box 1360, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - P. Mayewski
- Climate Change Institute and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - L. Anderson
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - J. Zheng
- Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8
| | - S. Rupper
- Quaternary Research Center, 19 Johnson Hall, Box 1360, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - C. Zdanowicz
- Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8
| | - M. Demuth
- Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8
| | | | - D. Dahl-Jensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, Juliane Maries Vej 30, University of Copenhagen, DK‑2100, Copenhagen East, Danemark
| | - K. Goto-Azuma
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo 173‑8515, Japan
| | - J. B. Bourgeois
- Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8
| | - R. M. Koerner
- Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8
| | - J. Sekerka
- Geological Survey of Canada, 601 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E8
| | - E. Osterberg
- Climate Change Institute and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine 04469, United States
| | - M. B. Abbott
- Department of Geology and Planetary Science, University of Pittsburg; Pittsburg, Pennsylvania 15260; United States
| | - B. P. Finney
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, United States
| | - S. J. Burns
- Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Brecher H, Davis M, León B, Les D, Lin PN, Mashiotta T, Mountain K. Abrupt tropical climate change: past and present. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:10536-43. [PMID: 16815970 PMCID: PMC1484420 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603900103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three lines of evidence for abrupt tropical climate change, both past and present, are presented. First, annually and decadally averaged delta(18)O and net mass-balance histories for the last 400 and 2,000 yr, respectively, demonstrate that the current warming at high elevations in the mid- to low latitudes is unprecedented for at least the last 2 millennia. Second, the continuing retreat of most mid- to low-latitude glaciers, many having persisted for thousands of years, signals a recent and abrupt change in the Earth's climate system. Finally, rooted, soft-bodied wetland plants, now exposed along the margins as the Quelccaya ice cap (Peru) retreats, have been radiocarbon dated and, when coupled with other widespread proxy evidence, provide strong evidence for an abrupt mid-Holocene climate event that marked the transition from early Holocene (pre-5,000-yr-B.P.) conditions to cooler, late Holocene (post-5,000-yr-B.P.) conditions. This abrupt event, approximately 5,200 yr ago, was widespread and spatially coherent through much of the tropics and was coincident with structural changes in several civilizations. These three lines of evidence argue that the present warming and associated glacier retreat are unprecedented in some areas for at least 5,200 yr. The ongoing global-scale, rapid retreat of mountain glaciers is not only contributing to global sea-level rise but also threatening freshwater supplies in many of the world's most populous regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnie G Thompson
- Byrd Polar Research Center and Departments of Geological Sciences and Geography, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Davis ME. Forcing of the Asian monsoon on the Tibetan Plateau: Evidence from high-resolution ice core and tropical coral records. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Asami R. Interannual and decadal variability of the western Pacific sea surface condition for the years 1787–2000: Reconstruction based on stable isotope record from a Guam coral. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jc002555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Solar and climatic implications of the centennial and millennial periodicities in atmospheric Δ14C Variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/141gm17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Wagnon P, Sicart J, Berthier E, Chazarin J. Wintertime high‐altitude surface energy balance of a Bolivian glacier, Illimani, 6340 m above sea level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Wagnon
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Saint Martin d'Hères France
| | - Jean‐Emmanuel Sicart
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Sisyphe, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement Université Pierre‐et‐Marie Curie Paris France
| | - Etienne Berthier
- Laboratoire d'Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiales Observatoire Midi‐Pyrenees Toulouse France
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Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E, Davis ME, Lin PN, Henderson K, Mashiotta TA. Tropical Glacier and Ice Core Evidence of Climate Change on Annual to Millennial Time Scales. ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-015-1252-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hendy EJ, Gagan MK, Alibert CA, McCulloch MT, Lough JM, Isdale PJ. Abrupt decrease in tropical Pacific sea surface salinity at end of Little Ice Age. Science 2002; 295:1511-4. [PMID: 11859191 DOI: 10.1126/science.1067693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A 420-year history of strontium/calcium, uranium/calcium, and oxygen isotope ratios in eight coral cores from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia, indicates that sea surface temperature and salinity were higher in the 18th century than in the 20th century. An abrupt freshening after 1870 occurred simultaneously throughout the southwestern Pacific, coinciding with cooling tropical temperatures. Higher salinities between 1565 and 1870 are best explained by a combination of advection and wind-induced evaporation resulting from a strong latitudinal temperature gradient and intensified circulation. The global Little Ice Age glacial expansion may have been driven, in part, by greater poleward transport of water vapor from the tropical Pacific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Hendy
- Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia.
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Mosley-Thompson E, McConnell JR, Bales RC, Li Z, Lin PN, Steffen K, Thompson LG, Edwards R, Bathke D. Local to regional-scale variability of annual net accumulation on the Greenland ice sheet from PARCA cores. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Baker PA, Seltzer GO, Fritz SC, Dunbar RB, Grove MJ, Tapia PM, Cross SL, Rowe HD, Broda JP. The history of South American tropical precipitation for the past 25,000 years. Science 2001; 291:640-3. [PMID: 11158674 DOI: 10.1126/science.291.5504.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Long sediment cores recovered from the deep portions of Lake Titicaca are used to reconstruct the precipitation history of tropical South America for the past 25,000 years. Lake Titicaca was a deep, fresh, and continuously overflowing lake during the last glacial stage, from before 25,000 to 15,000 calibrated years before the present (cal yr B.P.), signifying that during the last glacial maximum (LGM), the Altiplano of Bolivia and Peru and much of the Amazon basin were wetter than today. The LGM in this part of the Andes is dated at 21,000 cal yr B.P., approximately coincident with the global LGM. Maximum aridity and lowest lake level occurred in the early and middle Holocene (8000 to 5500 cal yr B.P.) during a time of low summer insolation. Today, rising levels of Lake Titicaca and wet conditions in Amazonia are correlated with anomalously cold sea-surface temperatures in the northern equatorial Atlantic. Likewise, during the deglacial and Holocene periods, there were several millennial-scale wet phases on the Altiplano and in Amazonia that coincided with anomalously cold periods in the equatorial and high-latitude North Atlantic, such as the Younger Dryas.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Baker
- Duke University, Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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Cole-Dai J, Mosley-Thompson E, Wight SP, Thompson LG. A 4100-year record of explosive volcanism from an East Antarctica ice core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kreutz KJ, Mayewski PA, Pittalwala II, Meeker LD, Twickler MS, Whitlow SI. Sea level pressure variability in the Amundsen Sea region inferred from a West Antarctic glaciochemical record. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Martinez-Cortizas A, Pontevedra-Pombal X, Garcia-Rodeja E, Novoa-Munoz JC, Shotyk W. Mercury in a spanish peat bog: archive of climate change and atmospheric metal deposition. Science 1999; 284:939-42. [PMID: 10320369 DOI: 10.1126/science.284.5416.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A peat core from a bog in northwest Spain provides a record of the net accumulation of atmospheric mercury since 4000 radiocarbon years before the present. It was found that cold climates promoted an enhanced accumulation and the preservation of mercury with low thermal stability, and warm climates were characterized by a lower accumulation and the predominance of mercury with moderate to high thermal stability. This record can be separated into natural and anthropogenic components. The substantial anthropogenic mercury component began approximately 2500 radiocarbon years before the present, which is near the time of the onset of mercury mining in Spain. Anthropogenic mercury has dominated the deposition record since the Islamic period (8th to 11th centuries A.D.). The results shown here have implications for the global mercury cycle and also imply that the thermal lability of the accumulated mercury can be used not only to quantify the effects of human activity, but also as a new tool for quantitative paleotemperature reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martinez-Cortizas
- Departamento de Edafologia y Quimica Agricola, Facultad de Biologia, Campus Sur s/n, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Geological Institute, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland
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Briffa KR, Jones PD, Schweingruber FH, Osborn TJ. Influence of volcanic eruptions on Northern Hemisphere summer temperature over the past 600 years. Nature 1998. [DOI: 10.1038/30943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 584] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vuille M, Hardy DR, Braun C, Keimig F, Bradley RS. Atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with 1996/1997 summer precipitation events on Sajama Ice Cap, Bolivia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Annually dated ice cores from Siple Dome, West Antarctica, and central Greenland indicate that meridional atmospheric circulation intensity increased in the polar South Pacific and North Atlantic at the beginning (∼1400 A.D.) of the most recent Holocene rapid climate change event, the Little Ice Age (LIA). As deduced from chemical concentrations at these core sites, the LIA was characterized by substantial meridional circulation strength variability, and this variability persists today despite strong evidence for an end to LIA cooling. Thus, increased late 20th century storm variability may be in part a result of the continuation of these climatic fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Kreutz
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - P. A. Mayewski
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - L. D. Meeker
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - M. S. Twickler
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - S. I. Whitlow
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - I. I. Pittalwala
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Kreutz KJ, Mayewski PA, Meeker LD, Twickler MS, Whitlow SI, Pittalwala II. Bipolar Changes in Atmospheric Circulation During the Little Ice Age. Science 1997. [DOI: 10.1126/science.277.5330.1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. J. Kreutz
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - P. A. Mayewski
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - L. D. Meeker
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - M. S. Twickler
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - S. I. Whitlow
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - I. I. Pittalwala
- K. J. Kreutz and P. A. Mayewski, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space and Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- L. D. Meeker, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, and Department of Mathematics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
- M. S. Twickler, S. I. Whitlow, I. I. Pittalwala, Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
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Lou JY, Chen CTA, Wann JK. Paleoclimatological records of the Great Ghost Lake in Taiwan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02877537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zielinski GA. Stratospheric loading and optical depth estimates of explosive volcanism over the last 2100 years derived from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Robock A, Free MP. Ice cores as an index of global volcanism from 1850 to the present. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Moore JC, Narita H, Maeno N. A continuous 770-year record of volcanic activity from east Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Grootes PM, Stuiver M, Thompson LG, Mosley-Thompson E. Oxygen isotope changes in tropical ice, Quelccaya, Peru. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id01p01187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ribes E, Ribes JC, Barthalot R. Evidence for a larger Sun with a slower rotation during the seventeenth century. Nature 1987. [DOI: 10.1038/326052a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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