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Dynamics of fault motion and the origin of contrasting tectonic style between Earth and Venus. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11884. [PMID: 30089877 PMCID: PMC6082836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Plate tectonics is one mode of mantle convection that occurs when the surface layer (the lithosphere) is relatively weak. When plate tectonics operates on a terrestrial planet, substantial exchange of materials occurs between planetary interior and its surface. This is likely a key in maintaining the habitable environment on a planet. Therefore it is essential to understand under which conditions plate tectonics operates on a terrestrial planet. One of the puzzling observations in this context is the fact that plate tectonics occurs on Earth but not on Venus despite their similar size and composition. Factors such as the difference in water content or in grain-size have been invoked, but these models cannot easily explain the contrasting tectonic styles between Earth and Venus. We propose that strong dynamic weakening in friction is a key factor. Fast unstable fault motion is found in cool Earth, while slow and stable fault motion characterizes hot Venus, leading to substantial dynamic weakening on Earth but not on Venus. Consequently, the tectonic plates are weak on Earth allowing for their subduction, while the strong plates on Venus promote the stagnant lid regime of mantle convection.
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Platz T, Byrne PK, Massironi M, Hiesinger H. Volcanism and tectonism across the inner solar system: an overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1144/sp401.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVolcanism and tectonism are the dominant endogenic means by which planetary surfaces change. This book, in general, and this overview, in particular, aim to encompass the broad range in character of volcanism, tectonism, faulting and associated interactions observed on planetary bodies across the inner solar system – a region that includes Mercury, Venus, Earth, the Moon, Mars and asteroids. The diversity and breadth of landforms produced by volcanic and tectonic processes are enormous, and vary across the inventory of inner solar system bodies. As a result, the selection of prevailing landforms and their underlying formational processes that are described and highlighted in this review are but a primer to the expansive field of planetary volcanism and tectonism. In addition to this extended introductory contribution, this Special Publication features 21 dedicated research articles about volcanic and tectonic processes manifest across the inner solar system. Those articles are summarized at the end of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Platz
- Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Planetary Sciences & Remote Sensing, Malteserstrasse 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. K. Byrne
- Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA
- Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015-1305, USA
| | - M. Massironi
- Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Universita' degli Studi di Padova, via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - H. Hiesinger
- Institut für Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Strasse 10, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Arkani-Hamed J, Schaber GG, Strom RG. Constraints on the thermal evolution of Venus inferred from Magellan data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93je00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yuen DA, Hansen U, Zhao W, Vincent AP, Malevsky AV. Hard turbulent thermal convection and thermal evolution of the mantle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92je02725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Williams CA, Connors C, Dahlen FA, Price EJ, Suppe J. Effect of the brittle-ductile transition on the topography of compressive mountain belts on Earth and Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kohlstedt DL, Evans B, Mackwell SJ. Strength of the lithosphere: Constraints imposed by laboratory experiments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/95jb01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1202] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bercovici D. A source-sink model of the generation of plate tectonics from non-Newtonian mantle flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/94jb02598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Taylor SR. Accretion in the inner nebula: The relationship between terrestrial planetary compositions and meteorites*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.1991.tb00726.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Nunes DC. Relaxation of compensated topography and the evolution of crustal plateaus on Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003je002119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Banks BK, Hansen VL. Relative timing of crustal plateau magmatism and tectonism at Tellus Regio, Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je001205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gilmore MS, Collins GC, Ivanov MA, Marinangeli L, Head JW. Style and sequence of extensional structures in tessera terrain, Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98je01322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Reese CC, Solomatov VS, Moresi LN. Heat transport efficiency for stagnant lid convection with dislocation viscosity: Application to Mars and Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98je01047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mackwell SJ, Zimmerman ME, Kohlstedt DL. High-temperature deformation of dry diabase with application to tectonics on Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jb02671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The Magellan imagery shows that Venus has a crater abundance equivalent to a surface age of 300 million to 500 million years and a crater distribution close to random. Hence, the tectonics of Venus must be quiescent compared to those of Earth in the last few 100 million years. The main debate is whether the decline in tectonic activity on Venus is closer to monotonic or episodic, with enhanced tectonism and volcanism yet to come. The former hypothesis implies that most radioactive heat sources have been differentiated upward; the latter, that they have remained at depth. The low level of activity in the last few 100 million years inferred from imagery favors the monotonic hypothesis; some chemical evidence, particularly the low abundance of radiogenic argon, favors the episodic. A problem for both hypotheses is the rapid decline of thermal and tectonic activity some 300 million to 500 million years ago. The nature of the convective instabilities that caused the decline, and their propagation, are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Kaula
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA
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Lenardic A, Kaula WM, Bindschadler DL. Some effects of a dry crustal flow law on numerical simulations of coupled crustal deformation and mantle convection on Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95je01895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Simons M, Hager BH, Solomon SC. Global Variations in the Geoid/Topography Admittance of Venus. Science 1994; 264:798-803. [PMID: 17794720 DOI: 10.1126/science.264.5160.798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Global representations of geoid height and topography are used to map variations in the geoid/topography ratio (admittance) of Venus. The admittance values are permissive of two mutually exclusive models for convection-driven topography. In the first, compressive highland plateaus are expressions of present mantle downwelling, broad volcanic rises are expressions of mantle upwelling, and lowlands overlie regions with no substantial vertical motion in the mantle. In the second, compressive highland plateaus are remnants of an earlier regime of high crustal strain, and most other long-wavelength topographic variations arise from normal convective tractions at the base of the lithosphere.
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Bindschadler DL, Schubert G, Kaula WM. Coldspots and hotspots: Global tectonics and mantle dynamics of Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92je01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Williams DR, Pan V. Internally heated mantle convection and the thermal and degassing history of the Earth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jb00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Suppe J, Connors C. Critical taper wedge mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts on Venus: Initial results from Magellan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92je01164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Leitch AM, Yuen DA, Lausten CL. Axisymmetric spherical shell models of mantle convection with variable properties and free and rigid lids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92je02368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
A number of important and currently unresolved issues in the global geology and geophysics of Venus will be addressable with the radar imaging, altimetry, and gravity measurements now forthcoming from the Magellan mission. Among these are the global volcanic flux and the rate of formation of new crust; the global heat flux and its regional variations; the relative importance of localized hot spots and linear centers of crustal spreading to crustal formation and tectonics; and the planform of mantle convection on Venus and the nature of the interactions among interior convective flow, near-surface deformation and magmatism.
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Abstract
Absorption lines of HDO and H2O have been detected in a 0.23-wave number resolution spectrum of the dark side of Venus in the interval 2.34 to 2.43 micrometers, where the atmosphere is sounded in the altitude range from 32 to 42 kilometers (8 to 3 bars). The resulting value of the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio (D/H) is 120 +/- 40 times the telluric ratio, providing unequivocal confirmation of in situ Pioneer Venus mass spectrometer measurements that were in apparent conflict with an upper limit set from International Ultraviolet Explorer spectra. The 100-fold enrichment of the D/H ratio on Venus compared to Earth is thus a fundamental constraint on models for its atmospheric evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- C de Bergh
- Département de Recherche Spatiale, Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France
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Grimm RE, Phillips RJ. Gravity anomalies, compensation mechanisms, and the geodynamics of Western Ishtar Terra, Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jb00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kiefer WS, Hager BH. A mantle plume model for the equatorial highlands of Venus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91je02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kerr RA. Will Magellan Find a Half-Sister of Earth's?: Detailed radar maps of Venus will decide whether Venus and Farth, once viewed as twin planets, are at all closely related. Science 1990. [PMID: 17756784 DOI: 10.1126/science.249.4970.742.a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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