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Xu Y, Arridge CS, Yao ZH, Zhang B, Ray LC, Badman SV, Dunn WR, Ebert RW, Chen JJ, Allegrini F, Kurth WS, Qin TS, Connerney JEP, McComas DJ, Bolton SJ, Wei Y. In situ evidence of the magnetospheric cusp of Jupiter from Juno spacecraft measurements. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6062. [PMID: 39025850 PMCID: PMC11258361 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50449-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The magnetospheric cusp connects the planetary magnetic field to interplanetary space, offering opportunities for charged particles to precipitate to or escape from the planet. Terrestrial cusps are typically found near noon local time, but the characteristics of the Jovian cusp are unknown. Here we show direct evidence of Jovian cusps using datasets from multiple instruments onboard Juno spacecraft. We find that the cusps of Jupiter are in the dusk sector, which is contradicting Earth-based predictions of a near-noon location. Nevertheless, the characteristics of charged particles in the Jovian cusps resemble terrestrial and Saturnian cusps, implying similar cusp microphysics exist across different planets. These results demonstrate that while the basic physical processes may operate similarly to those at Earth, Jupiter's rapid rotation and its location in the heliosphere can dramatically change the configuration of the cusp. This work provides useful insights into the fundamental consequences of star-planet interactions, highlighting how planetary environments and rotational dynamics influence magnetospheric structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - C S Arridge
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Z H Yao
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- NWU-HKU Joint Centre of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK.
| | - B Zhang
- NWU-HKU Joint Centre of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - L C Ray
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - S V Badman
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - W R Dunn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, UK
| | - R W Ebert
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - J J Chen
- NWU-HKU Joint Centre of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - F Allegrini
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - W S Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - T S Qin
- NWU-HKU Joint Centre of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - J E P Connerney
- Space Research Corporation, Annapolis, MD, USA
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
| | - D J McComas
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - S J Bolton
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Y Wei
- Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Vogt MF, Connerney JEP, DiBraccio GA, Wilson RJ, Thomsen MF, Ebert RW, Clark GB, Paranicas C, Kurth WS, Allegrini F, Valek PW, Bolton SJ. Magnetotail Reconnection at Jupiter: A Survey of Juno Magnetic Field Observations. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2020. [PMID: 32874821 DOI: 10.1029/2009ja015098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
At Jupiter, tail reconnection is thought to be driven by an internal mass loading and release process called the Vasyliunas cycle. Galileo data have shown hundreds of reconnection events occurring in Jupiter's magnetotail. Here we present a survey of reconnection events observed by Juno during its first 16 orbits of Jupiter (July 2016-October 2018). The events are identified using Juno magnetic field data, which facilitates comparison to the Vogt et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015098) survey of reconnection events from Galileo magnetometer data, but we present data from Juno's other particle and fields instruments for context. We searched for field dipolarizations or reversals and found 232 reconnection events in the Juno data, most of which featured an increase in |B θ |, the magnetic field meridional component, by a factor of 3 over background values. We found that most properties of the Juno reconnection events, like their spatial distribution and duration, are comparable to Galileo, including the presence of a ~3-day quasi-periodicity in the recurrence of Juno tail reconnection events and in Juno JEDI, JADE, and Waves data. However, unlike with Galileo we were unable to clearly define a statistical x-line separating planetward and tailward Juno events. A preliminary analysis of plasma velocities during five magnetic field reconnection events showed that the events were accompanied by fast radial flows, confirming our interpretation of these magnetic signatures as reconnection events. We anticipate that a future survey covering other Juno datasets will provide additional insight into the nature of tail reconnection at Jupiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa F Vogt
- Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Rob J Wilson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Robert W Ebert
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - George B Clark
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Paranicas
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - William S Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Frédéric Allegrini
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Phil W Valek
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Bagenal F, Delamere PA. Flow of mass and energy in the magnetospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja016294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fran Bagenal
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Peter A. Delamere
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Delamere
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Bagenal
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
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Stone RG, Pedersen BM, Harvey CC, Canu P, Cornilleau-Wehrlin N, Desch MD, de Villedary C, Fainberg J, Farrell WM, Goetz K, Hess RA, Hoang S, Kaiser ML, Kellogg PJ, Lecacheux A, Lin N, Macdowall RJ, Manning R, Meetre CA, Meyer-Vernet N, Moncuquet M, Osherovich V, Reiner MJ, Tekle A, Thiessen J, Zarka P. Ulysses radio and plasma wave observations in the jupiter environment. Science 2010; 257:1524-31. [PMID: 17776162 DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5076.1524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Unified Radio and Plasma Wave (URAP) experiment has produced new observations of the Jupiter environment, owing to the unique capabilities of the instrument and the traversal of high Jovian latitudes. Broad-band continuum radio emission from Jupiter and in situ plasma waves have proved valuable in delineating the magnetospheric boundaries. Simultaneous measurements of electric and magnetic wave fields have yielded new evidence of whistler-mode radiation within the magnetosphere. Observations of aurorallike hiss provided evidence of a Jovian cusp. The source direction and polarization capabilities of URAP have demonstrated that the outer region of the lo plasma torus supported at least five separate radio sources that reoccurred during successive rotations with a measurable corotation lag. Thermal noise measurements of the lo torus densities yielded values in the densest portion that are similar to models suggested on the basis of Voyager observations of 13 years ago. The URAP measurements also suggest complex beaming and polarization characteristics of Jovian radio components. In addition, a new class of kilometer-wavelength striated Jovian bursts has been observed.
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Joy SP, Kivelson MG, Walker RJ, Khurana KK, Russell CT, Paterson WR. Mirror mode structures in the Jovian magnetosheath. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Szego K. Cassini plasma spectrometer measurements of Jovian bow shock structure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002ja009517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Frank LA, Paterson WR. Galileo observations of electron beams and thermal ions in Jupiter's magnetosphere and their relationship to the auroras. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja009150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Frank
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - W. R. Paterson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
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Joy SP. Probabilistic models of the Jovian magnetopause and bow shock locations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja009146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lakhina GS, Tsurutani BT, Kojima H, Matsumoto H. “Broadband” plasma waves in the boundary layers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja900054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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McComas DJ, Barraclough BL, Funsten HO, Gosling JT, Santiago-Muñoz E, Skoug RM, Goldstein BE, Neugebauer M, Riley P, Balogh A. Solar wind observations over Ulysses' first full polar orbit. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja000383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Huddleston DE, Russell CT, Kivelson MG, Khurana KK, Bennett L. Location and shape of the Jovian magnetopause and bow shock. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98je00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Ogino T, Walker RJ, Kivelson MG. A global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the Jovian magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tsurutani BT, Arballo JK, Goldstein BE, Ho CM, Lakhina GS, Smith EJ, Cornilleau-Wehrlin N, Prangé R, Lin N, Kellogg P, Phillips JL, Balogh A, Krupp N, Kane M. Plasma wave characteristics of the Jovian magnetopause boundary layer: Relationship to the Jovian aurora? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96ja02785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Connerney JEP, Acuña MH, Ness NF. Octupole model of Jupiter's magnetic field from Ulysses observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96ja02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Dougherty MK, Balogh A, Southwood DJ, Smith EJ. Ulysses assessment of the Jovian planetary field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96ja02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Zhang M, McKibben RB, Simpson JA, Cowley SWH, Staines K, Anglin JD, Marsden RG, Sanderson TR, Wenzel KP. Impulsive bursts of energetic particles in the high-latitude duskside magnetosphere of Jupiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95ja02099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Simpson JA, Anglin JD, Balogh A, Burrows JR, Cowley SW, Ferrando P, Heber B, Hynds RJ, Kunow H, Marsden RG, McKibben RB, Müller-Mellin R, Page DE, Raviart A, Sanderson TR, Staines K, Wenzel KP, Wilson MD, Zhang M. Energetic Charged-Particle Phenomena in the Jovian Magnetosphere: First Results from the Ulysses COSPIN Collaboration. Science 1992; 257:1543-50. [PMID: 17776166 DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5076.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Ulysses spacecraft made the first exploration of the region of Jupiter's magnetosphere at high Jovigraphic latitudes ( approximately 37 degrees south) on the dusk side and reached higher magnetic latitudes ( approximately 49 degrees north) on the day side than any previous mission to Jupiter. The cosmic and solar particle investigations (COSPIN) instrumentation achieved a remarkably well integrated set of observations of energetic charged particles in the energy ranges of approximately 1 to 170 megaelectron volts for electrons and 0.3 to 20 megaelectron volts for protons and heavier nuclei. The new findings include (i) an apparent polar cap region in the northern hemisphere in which energetic charged particles following Jovian magnetic field lines may have direct access to the interplanetary medium, (ii) high-energy electron bursts (rise times </= 1 minute and energies extending to > approximately 17 megaelectron volts) on the dusk side that are apparently associated with field-aligned currents and radio burst emissions, (iii) persistence of the global 10-hour relativistic electron "clock" phenomenon throughout Jupiter's magnetosphere, (iv) on the basis of charged-particle measurements, apparent dragging of magnetic field lines at large radii in the dusk sector toward the tail, and (v) consistent outflow of megaelectron volt electrons and large-scale departures from corotation for nucleons.
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