1
|
Qiu W, Zheng Y, Zhang S, Fan Q, Liu H, Zhang F, Wang W, Liao G, Hu R. Canine distemper outbreak in rhesus monkeys, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17:1541-3. [PMID: 21801646 PMCID: PMC3381540 DOI: 10.3201/eid1708.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since 2006, canine distemper outbreaks have occurred in rhesus monkeys at a
breeding farm in Guangxi, People’s Republic of China. Approximately
10,000 animals were infected (25%–60% disease incidence); 5%–30%
of infected animals died. The epidemic was controlled by vaccination. Amino acid
sequence analysis of the virus indicated a unique strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiu
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu Military Region, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun Z, Li A, Ye H, Shi Y, Hu Z, Zeng L. Natural infection with canine distemper virus in hand-feeding Rhesus monkeys in China. Vet Microbiol 2010; 141:374-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
3
|
Takayama I, Kubo M, Takenaka A, Fujita K, Sugiyama T, Arai T, Yoneda M, Sato H, Yanai T, Kai C. Pathological and phylogenetic features of prevalent canine distemper viruses in wild masked palm civets in Japan. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 32:539-49. [PMID: 18774607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2008.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ten wild masked palm civets infected with canine distemper virus (CDV), captured in Japan from 2005 to 2007, were histopathologically and phylogenetically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequences of the H protein of two CDV isolates from masked palm civets revealed that the two isolates were classified into the clade of recent isolates in Japan. Histopathologically marked lesions of virus encephalitis were present in the brain, whereas gastrointestinal lesions were absent or at a mild degree. The distribution of the lesions resembles that of recent CDV cases in dogs. Therefore, recent CDV infections in masked palm civets could be caused by recently prevalent CDV in dogs. The possibility of the masked palm civet as a spreader of CDV among wildlife is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuyo Takayama
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pasarica M, Dhurandhar NV. Infectobesity: Obesity of Infectious Origin. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2007; 52:61-102. [PMID: 17425944 DOI: 10.1016/s1043-4526(06)52002-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in obesity and the associated health care costs have prompted a search for better approaches for its prevention and management. Such efforts may be facilitated by better understanding the etiology of obesity. Of the several etiological factors, infection, an unusual causative factor, has recently started receiving greater attention. In the last two decades, 10 adipogenic pathogens were reported, including human and nonhuman viruses, scrapie agents, bacteria, and gut microflora. Some of these pathogens are associated with human obesity, but their causative role in human obesity has not been established. This chapter presents information about the natural hosts, signs and symptoms, and pathogenesis of the adipogenic microorganisms. If relevant to humans, "Infectobesity" would be a relatively novel, yet extremely significant concept. A new perspective about the infectious etiology of obesity may stimulate additional research to assess the contribution of hitherto unknown pathogens to human obesity and possibly to prevent or treat obesity of infectious origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pasarica
- Department of Infections and Obesity, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Engelhardt P, Wyder M, Zurbriggen A, Gröne A. Canine distemper virus associated proliferation of canine footpad keratinocytes in vitro. Vet Microbiol 2005; 107:1-12. [PMID: 15795073 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2003] [Revised: 12/29/2004] [Accepted: 01/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Infection of canine footpads with canine distemper virus (CDV) can result in so-called hard pad disease characterized by footpad epidermal proliferation and hyperkeratosis. Cultured canine footpad keratinocytes (CFK) were inoculated with a virulent canine distemper virus strain (A75/17-CDV) to study the effects of CDV-infection on keratinocyte proliferation. Infection was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for CDV nucleoprotein (N-protein) antigen and mRNA. CDV caused a persistent, non-cytocidal infection with spread from single cells to infection of the confluent cell layer 7 days post infection (p.i.). Absolute cell numbers were significantly higher in infected cultures compared to control cultures from day 4 until day 6 p.i. Infected cultures contained significantly more total DNA on day 5 p.i. compared to controls. Immunohistochemical investigation of proliferation markers Ki67 and BrdU demonstrated a nearly two-fold increase in numbers of positive cells on day 5 p.i. compared to controls. These findings demonstrate that canine distemper virus infection of canine footpad keratinocytes in vitro was associated with proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Engelhardt
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Vetsuisse Fakultät, Universität Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lednicky JA, Dubach J, Kinsel MJ, Meehan TP, Bocchetta M, Hungerford LL, Sarich NA, Witecki KE, Braid MD, Pedrak C, Houde CM. Genetically distant American Canine distemper virus lineages have recently caused epizootics with somewhat different characteristics in raccoons living around a large suburban zoo in the USA. Virol J 2004; 1:2. [PMID: 15507154 PMCID: PMC524033 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-1-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 09/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mortality rates have differed during distemper outbreaks among free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) living around a large Chicago-area zoo, and appeared higher in year 2001 than in 1998 and 2000. We hypothesized that a more lethal variant of the local Canine distemper virus (CDV) lineage had emerged in 2001, and sought the genetic basis that led to increased virulence. However, a more complex model surfaced during preliminary analyses of CDV genomic sequences in infected tissues and of virus isolated in vitro from the raccoons. Results Phylogenetic analyses of subgenomic CDV fusion (F) -, phosphoprotein (P) -, and complete hemagglutinin (H) – gene sequences indicated that distinct American CDV lineages caused the distemper epizootics. The 1998 outbreak was caused by viruses that are likely from an old CDV lineage that includes CDV Snyder Hill and Lederle, which are CDV strains from the early 1950's. The 2000 and 2001 viruses appear to stem from the lineage of CDV A75/17, which was isolated in the mid 1970's. Only the 2001 viruses formed large syncytia in brain and/or lung tissue, and during primary isolation in-vitro in Vero cells, demonstrating at least one phenotypic property by which they differed from the other viruses. Conclusions Two different American CDV lineages caused the raccoon distemper outbreaks. The 1998 viruses are genetically distant to the 2000/2001 viruses. Since CDV does not cause persistent infections, the cycling of different CDV lineages within the same locale suggests multiple reintroductions of the virus to area raccoons. Our findings establish a precedent for determining whether the perceived differences in mortality rates are actual and attributable in part to inherent differences between CDV strains arising from different CDV lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Lednicky
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Jean Dubach
- Animal Molecular Genetics, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, Illinois 60513, USA
| | - Michael J Kinsel
- Zoological Pathology Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60513, USA
| | - Thomas P Meehan
- Department of Animal Health, Veterinary Services, Brookfield Zoo, Brookfield, Illinois 60513, USA
| | - Maurizio Bocchetta
- Cancer Immunology Program, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60513, USA
| | - Laura L Hungerford
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | - Nicolene A Sarich
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Kelley E Witecki
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Michael D Braid
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Casandra Pedrak
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| | - Christiane M Houde
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois 60153, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Griot C, Vandevelde M, Schobesberger M, Zurbriggen A. Canine distemper, a re-emerging morbillivirus with complex neuropathogenic mechanisms. Anim Health Res Rev 2003; 4:1-10. [PMID: 12885204 DOI: 10.1079/ahrr20047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses are responsible for a wide variety of diseases both in humans and in animals. Common to many paramyxoviruses is the fact that they can cause neurological symptoms in their final host. Newly discovered paramyxoviruses, such as the Hendra and Nipah viruses, show the same pattern of pathogenesis as that of the paramyxoviruses already known. Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a well-studied member of the genus Morbillivirus. Study of the neuropathogenesis of CDV might give insight into disease mechanisms and suggest approaches for the prevention of other recently discovered paramyxovirus infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griot
- Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Swiss Federal Veterinary Office, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Iwatsuki K, Tokiyoshi S, Hirayama N, Nakamura K, Ohashi K, Wakasa C, Mikami T, Kai C. Antigenic differences in the H proteins of canine distemper viruses. Vet Microbiol 2000; 71:281-6. [PMID: 10703710 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Antigenic properties between new Japanese field isolates and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus (CDV) have been compared using four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) (JD-5, JD-7, JD-11 and d-7) against the hemagglutinin (H) proteins of CDV. JD-5, JD-7 and JD-11 are newly established antibodies. Three MAbs, namely d-7, JD-5 and JD-11, reacted similarly to all the CDV strains examined. However, JD-7 reacted much more strongly with the vaccine strains and an old field isolate than the recent field isolates in immunofluorescence, radio immunoprecipitation and virus neutralization assays. These results indicate that an antigenic region in the H protein, concerned with neutralization and recognized by JD-7, has been altered in the recent field isolates.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/classification
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
- Distemper/immunology
- Distemper/virology
- Distemper Virus, Canine/classification
- Distemper Virus, Canine/immunology
- Dogs
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/veterinary
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect/veterinary
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/classification
- Hemagglutinins, Viral/immunology
- Japan
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutralization Tests/veterinary
- Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay/veterinary
- Vero Cells
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Iwatsuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|