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Banhart F. The Formation and Transformation of Low-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials by Electron Irradiation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2310462. [PMID: 38700071 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Low-dimensional materials based on graphene or graphite show a large variety of phenomena when they are subjected to irradiation with energetic electrons. Since the 1990s, electron microscopy studies, where a certain irradiation dose is unavoidable, have witnessed unexpected structural transformations of graphitic nanoparticles. It is recognized that electron irradiation is not only detrimental but also bears considerable potential in the formation of new graphitic structures. With the availability of aberration-corrected electron microscopes and the discovery of techniques to produce monolayers of graphene, detailed insight into the atomic processes occurring during electron irradiation became possible. Threshold energies for atom displacements are determined and models of different types of lattice vacancies are confirmed experimentally. However, experimental evidence for the configuration of interstitial atoms in graphite or adatoms on graphene remained indirect, and the understanding of defect dynamics still depends on theoretical concepts. This article reviews irradiation phenomena in graphene- or graphite-based nanomaterials from the scale of single atoms to tens of nanometers. Observations from the 1990s can now be explained on the basis of new results. The evolution of the understanding during three decades of research is presented, and the remaining problems are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Banhart
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, UMR 7504, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg, 67034, France
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2
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Abstract
We calculate transformation pathways between fullerene and octahedral carbon clusters and between a buckyball and its bowl-shaped isomer. The energies and gradients are provided by efficient tight-binding potentials, which are interfaced to our Energy Landscape exploration software. From the global energy landscape, we extract the mechanistic and kinetic parameters as a function of temperature, and compare our results to selected density functional theory (DFT) (PBE/cc-pVTZ) benchmarks. Infrared spectra are calculated to provide data for experimental identification of the clusters and differentiation of their isomers. Our results suggest that the formation of buckyballs from a buckybowl will be suppressed at elevated temperatures (above around 5250 K) due to entropic effects, which may provide useful insight into the detection of cosmic fullerenes.
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Ye HZ, Tran HK, Van Voorhis T. Bootstrap Embedding For Large Molecular Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:5035-5046. [PMID: 32589842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in quantum embedding theories have provided attractive approaches to correlated calculations for large systems. In this work, we extend our previous work [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2019, 15, 4497-4506; J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2019, 10, 6368-6374] on bootstrap embedding (BE) to enable correlated ab initio calculations at the coupled cluster with singles and doubles (CCSD) level for large molecules. We introduce several new algorithmic developments that significantly reduce the computational cost of BE, while maintaining its accuracy. The resulting implementation scales as O(N3) for the integral transform and O(N) for the CCSD calculation. Numerical results on a series of conjugated molecules suggest that BE with reasonably sized fragments can recover more than 99.5% of the total correlation energy of a full CCSD calculation, while the required computational resources (time and storage) compare favorably to one popular local correlation scheme: domain localized pair natural orbital (DLPNO). The largest BE calculation in this work involves ∼2900 basis functions and can be performed on a single node with 16 CPU cores and 64 GB of memory in a few days. We anticipate that these developments represent an important step toward the application of BE to solve practical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhou Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Henry K Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Cruz-Silva R, Araki T, Hayashi T, Terrones H, Terrones M, Endo M. Fullerene and nanotube growth: new insights using first principles and molecular dynamics. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2016; 374:20150327. [PMID: 27501974 PMCID: PMC4978748 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2015.0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Shortly after the discovery of fullerenes, many researchers pointed out that carbon nanotubes could be considered as elongated fullerenes. However, the detailed formation mechanism for both structures has been a topic of debate for several years, and consequently it has been difficult to draw a clear connection between the two systems. While the synthesis conditions appear to be different for both fullerenes and nanotubes, here, we demonstrate that it is highly likely that, at an initial growth stage, single-walled carbon nanotubes begin to grow from a hemisphere-like fullerene cap. More importantly, by analysing the minimum-energy path, it is shown that the insertion of C2 fragments drives the transformation of this fullerene cap into an elongated structure that leads to the formation of very short carbon nanotubes.This article is part of the themed issue 'Fullerenes: past, present and future, celebrating the 30th anniversary of Buckminster Fullerene'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Cruz-Silva
- Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Takumi Araki
- Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan Research Organization for Information Science and Technology, 2-32-3 Kitashinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0001, Japan
| | - Takuya Hayashi
- Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan Institute of Carbon, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
| | - Humberto Terrones
- Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Institute of Carbon, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA Center for 2-Dimensional & Layered Materials, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Morinobu Endo
- Global Aqua Innovation Center, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan Institute of Carbon, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan
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Jiménez-Hoyos CA, Rodríguez-Guzmán R, Scuseria GE. Polyradical Character and Spin Frustration in Fullerene Molecules: An Ab Initio Non-Collinear Hartree–Fock Study. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9925-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jp508383z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Jiménez-Hoyos
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - R. Rodríguez-Guzmán
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Gustavo E. Scuseria
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics
and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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TANG CHUNMEI, ZHU WEIHUA, ZHANG AIMEI, LIU MINGYI, ZHANG KAIXIAO. STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONIC, MAGNETIC, AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF 3d TRANSITION METAL ENDOHEDRAL M@Ge12H12(M=Sc–Ni) CLUSTERS. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633613500636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The fulerine- Ni @ Ge 12 H 12 structure, which composes of four pentagons and four rhombi and is like a fullerene, has a closed-shell electronic structure, the largest HOMO–LUMO energy gap, the highest vertical ionization potential, and the lowest vertical electron affinity. All of these properties are characteristic of a magic cluster, therefore, we strongly suggest fulerine- Ni @ Ge 12 H 12 should be a magic cluster and promising as building blocks in developing cluster-assembled nanomaterials. This can be interpreted by the weak interaction between Ni and the cage together with the transference of two electrons from the 4s orbital to the 3d orbital of Ni . The magnetic moment of fulerine- M @ Ge 12 H 12( M = Sc – Ni ) varies from 0 to 3 μB, implying they have potential applications in developing new nanomaterials with tunable magnetic properties. The calculated TDDFT optical properties of fulerine- M @ Ge 12 H 12( M = Sc – Ni ) can be tuned broadly in the ultraviolet–visible region. This is very important for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHUNMEI TANG
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
| | - WEIHUA ZHU
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
| | - AIMEI ZHANG
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
| | - MINGYI LIU
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
| | - KAIXIAO ZHANG
- College of Science, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, P. R. China
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Manna AK, Pati SK. Stability and electronic structure of carbon capsules with superior gas storage properties: A theoretical study. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li XJ, Yang XH, Song LM, Ren HJ, Tao TZ. A DFT study on structure, stability, and optical property of fullerenols. Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-0137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fukuda R, Ehara M. Electronic excitations of C60 fullerene calculated using the ab initio cluster expansion method. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:134304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4757066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Penev ES, Artyukhov VI, Ding F, Yakobson BI. Unfolding the fullerene: nanotubes, graphene and poly-elemental varieties by simulations. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:4956-4976. [PMID: 22893442 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201202322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent research progress in nanostructured carbon has built upon and yet advanced far from the studies of more conventional carbon forms such as diamond, graphite, and perhaps coals. To some extent, the great attention to nano-carbons has been ignited by the discovery of the structurally least obvious, counterintuitive, small strained fullerene cages. Carbon nanotubes, discovered soon thereafter, and recently, the great interest in graphene, ignited by its extraordinary physics, are all interconnected in a blend of cross-fertilizing fields. Here we review the theoretical and computational models development in our group at Rice University, towards understanding the key structures and behaviors in the immense diversity of carbon allotropes. Our particular emphasis is on the role of certain transcending concepts (like elastic instabilities, dislocations, edges, etc.) which serve so well across the scales and for chemically various compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeni S Penev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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Xu L, Tang H, Li C, Li F, Li X, Tao S. Structures, electronic properties, and nonlinear optical properties of Ce/Dy-encapsulated C20-glycine: a density-functional theory investigation. Struct Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-012-0098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Tang C, Liu M, Zhu W, Deng K. Probing the geometric, optical, and magnetic properties of 3d transition-metal endohedral Ge12M (M=Sc–Ni) clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Remarkable diversity of carbon–carbon bonds: structures and properties of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Struct Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-010-9670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Tang C, Zhu W, Deng K. The evolutions of the structure stability, vibrational frequency, frontier orbital, and electronegativity of the unconventional exohedral fullerenes C64X4 (X=H, F, Cl, Br, and I): A density functional study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2009.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Korona T, Hesselmann A, Dodziuk H. Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory Applied to Endohedral Fullerene Complexes: A Stability Study of H2@C60 and 2H2@C60. J Chem Theory Comput 2009; 5:1585-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ct900108f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Korona
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Erlangen, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andreas Hesselmann
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Erlangen, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Helena Dodziuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Erlangen, Egerlandstrasse 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany, and Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Enyashin AN, Ivanovskii AL. Structural, electronic and elastic properties of ultra-light diamond-like crystalline allotropes of carbon-functionalized fullerenes C28. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Saá J, Yañez M. On the “Gluing” Effect of Lithium: The Lithium-Driven Assembly of Circum-Arranged, Edge-Fused Cyclopentadienyl Lithium Compounds and Aza Analogues. Chemistry 2009; 15:3123-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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How will the dichlophenyl group affect the geometric structure, electronic properties, and static linear polarizability of La@C72? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Calaminici P, Geudtner G, Köster AM. First-Principle Calculations of Large Fullerenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2008; 5:29-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ct800347u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Calaminici
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, A.P. 14-740, Mexico D.F. 07000, Mexico
| | - Gerald Geudtner
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, A.P. 14-740, Mexico D.F. 07000, Mexico
| | - Andreas M. Köster
- Departamento de Química, CINVESTAV, Avenida Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, A.P. 14-740, Mexico D.F. 07000, Mexico
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Tang C, Fu S, Deng K, Yuan Y, Tan W, Huang D, Wang X. The density functional calculations on the structural stability, electronic properties, and static linear polarizability of the endohedral metallofullerene Ba@C74. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2008.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Wang Y, Alcamí M, Martín F. Understanding the Supramolecular Self-Assembly of the Fullerene Derivative PCBM on Gold Surfaces. Chemphyschem 2008; 9:1030-5. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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An W, Shao N, Bulusu S, Zeng XC. Ab initio calculation of carbon clusters. II. Relative stabilities of fullerene and nonfullerene C24. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:084301. [PMID: 18315040 DOI: 10.1063/1.2831917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical stabilities of six low-energy isomers of C24 derived from global-minimum search are investigated. The six isomers include one classical fullerene (isomer 1) whose cage is composed of only five- and six-membered rings (56-MRs), three nonclassical fullerene structures whose cages contain at least one four-membered ring (4-MR), one plate, and one monocyclic ring. Chemical and electronic properties of the six C24 isomers are calculated based on a density-functional theory method (hybrid PBE1PBE functional and cc-pVTZ basis set). The properties include the nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), singlet-triplet splitting, electron affinity, ionization potential, and gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO-LUMO) gap. The calculation suggests that the neutral isomer 2, a nonclassical fullerene with two 4-MRs, may be more chemically stable than the classical fullerene (isomer 1). Analyses of molecular orbital NICS show that the incorporations of 4-MRs into the cage considerably reduce paratropic contributions from HOMO, HOMO-1, and HOMO-2, which are mainly responsible for the sign change in NICS from positive for isomer 1 (42) to negative (-19) for isomer 2, although C24 clusters satisfy neither 4N+2 nor 2(N+1)2 aromaticity rule. Anion photoelectron spectra of four cage isomers, one plate, one monocyclic ring, and one tadpole isomer, as well as three bicyclic ring isomers are calculated. The simulated photoelectron spectra of mono- and bicyclic rings (with C1 symmetry) appear to match the measured HOMO-LUMO gap (between the first and second band in the experimental spectra) [S. Yang et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 144, 431 (1988)]. Nevertheless, the nonclassical fullerene isomers 3 and 4 apparently also match the measured vertical detachment energy (2.90 eV) reasonably well. These results suggest possible coexistence of nonclassical fullerene isomers with the mono- and bicyclic ring isomers of C24(-) under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei An
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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24
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Suzdalev IP, Suzdalev PI. Nanoclusters and nanocluster systems. Assembling, interactions and properties. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2007. [DOI: 10.1070/rc2001v070n03abeh000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F, Alcamí M. Structure and electronic properties of fullerenes C(52)q+: is C(52)2+ an exception to the pentagon adjacency penalty rule? Chemphyschem 2006; 6:92-100. [PMID: 15688652 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The structure, vibrational spectra and electronic properties of the neutral, singly and doubly charged C52 fullerenes were studied by means of the Hartree-Fock method and density functional theory. Different isomers were considered, in particular those with the lowest possible number (five or six) of adjacent pentagons, and an isomer with a four-atom ring. For neutral and singly charged species, the most stable isomer is that with the lowest number of adjacent pentagons, namely five. However, for C(52)2+, the most stable structure has six adjacent pentagons. This finding, which contradicts the pentagon adjacency penalty rule, is a consequence of complete filling of the HOMO pi shell and the near-perfect sphericity of the most stable isomer. The simulated vibrational spectra show important differences in the positions and intensities of the vibrations for the different isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, C-9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049-Madrid, Spain
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26
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Dunlap BI, Zope RR. Efficient quantum-chemical geometry optimization and the structure of large icosahedral fullerenes. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hu YH, Ruckenstein E. Bond order bond polarizability model for fullerene cages and nanotubes. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:214708. [PMID: 16356062 DOI: 10.1063/1.2133737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is still a challenge to accurately calculate the polarizabilities of large fullerene cages and nanotubes. In this paper, a simple bond order bond polarizability relationship for carbon was found, which allowed us to apply the bond polarizability model to any pentagon isolation rule (PIR) fullerene (cage or nanotube). Following this approach, the following simple equation, alpha=1.262n, was obtained relating the static dipole polarizability (alpha) of PIR fullerenes (cages or closed nanotubes) to their number (n) of carbon atoms. Furthermore, it was shown that the polarizabilities of C60 and C70, calculated on the basis of this model, are in excellent agreement with those obtained experimentally and by density-functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
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Hu YH, Ruckenstein E. Density functional theory calculations for endohedral complexes of non-πC60H60 cage with small guest molecules. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:144303. [PMID: 16238387 DOI: 10.1063/1.2055187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid density-functional theory (B3LYP) calculations were carried out to determine the structures and energies of endohedral complexes of non-pi C(60)H(60) with H(2), CO, and LiH. It was demonstrated that the endohedral complexes of C(60)H(60) with the above three guest molecules are more stable than the corresponding complexes with C(60). Furthermore, the interaction between C(60)H(60) and the inside H(2) or CO is negligible, but the formation of the LiH-C(60)H(60) complex is exothermic with a stabilization energy of -6.0 kcal/mol. While the bond lengths of H(2) and CO changed a little when placed inside the cages, that of the LiH molecule increased and decreased inside C(60)H(60) and C(60), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Amherst, New York 14260, USA.
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Abstract
Fullerenes have unique chemistry owing to their cage structure, their richness in pi-electrons, and their large polarizabilities. They can trap atoms and small molecules to generate endohedral complexes as superconductors, drug carriers, molecular reactors, and ferroelectric materials. An important goal is to develop effective methods that can affect the behavior of the atoms and small molecules trapped inside the cage. In this paper, the quantum chemical density functional theory was employed to demonstrate that the stability and position of a guest molecule inside the C60 cage can be changed, and its orientation controlled, by modifying the C60 cage shell. The outside attachment of two hydrogen atoms to two adjacent carbon atoms located between two six-membered rings of the C60 cage affects the orientation of the LiF molecule inside and increases the stability of LiF inside the cage by 45%. In contrast, when 60 hydrogen atoms were attached to the outside surface of the C60 cage, thus transforming all C=C double bonds into single bonds, the stability of the LiF inside was reduced by 34%. If two adjacent carbon atoms were removed from C60, the stability of LiF inside this defect C60 was reduced by 41%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hang Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY14260, USA.
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Díaz-Tendero S, Alcamí M, Martín F. Coulomb stability limit of highly charged Cq+60 fullerenes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2005; 95:013401. [PMID: 16090614 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.013401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We perform density functional theory calculations of Cq+60 and Cq+58 fullerenes as well as of transition states related to dissociation of Cq+60 into Cq-s(+)58 and C(s+)2 for charges q=0-14. For q< or =8, the lowest fission barrier corresponds to C+2 emission, whereas, for higher q values, the lowest barrier corresponds to the emission of two atomic fragments [2C]s+ with s> or =2. We conclude that the Coulomb stability limit corresponds to q=14.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, C-9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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31
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32
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Zhang RQ, Feng YQ, Lee ST, Bai CL. Electrical Transport and Electronic Delocalization of Small Fullerenes. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047698d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Q. Zhang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China, and Nano Science and Technology Center and Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - Y. Q. Feng
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China, and Nano Science and Technology Center and Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - S. T. Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China, and Nano Science and Technology Center and Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
| | - C. L. Bai
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) & Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China, School of Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China, and Nano Science and Technology Center and Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
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33
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Dumitrică T, Garcia ME, Jeschke HO, Yakobson BI. Selective cap opening in carbon nanotubes driven by laser-induced coherent phonons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 92:117401. [PMID: 15089164 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.117401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the possibility of a selective nonequilibrium cap opening of carbon nanotubes as a response to femtosecond laser excitation. By performing molecular dynamics simulations based on a microscopic electronic model we show that the laser-induced ultrafast structural changes differ dramatically from the thermally induced dimer emission. Ultrafast bond weakening and simultaneous excitation of two coherent phonon modes of different frequencies, localized in the spherical caps and cylindrical nanotube body, are responsible for the selective cap opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traian Dumitrică
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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34
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Dı́az-Tendero S, Alcamı́ M, Martı́n F. Theoretical study of ionization potentials and dissociation energies of Cnq+ fullerenes (n=50–60, q=0, 1 and 2). J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1597634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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35
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Xie RH, Bryant GW, Jensen L, Zhao J, Smith VH. First-principles calculations of structural, electronic, vibrational, and magnetic properties of C60 and C48N12: A comparative study. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1566742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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36
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Effect of charge on the interaction of two C60 molecules from MNDO and ab initio UHF methods: stability and HOMO–LUMO gaps. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(03)00019-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Zhao Y, Yakobson BI, Smalley RE. Dynamic topology of fullerene coalescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2002; 88:185501. [PMID: 12005693 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.185501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Atomic rearrangements leading to the coalescence of fullerene cages are revealed by topological analysis. Paths found for nanotubes and C(60) consist exclusively of Stone-Wales bond rotations. Computed intermediate states show gradual evolution from separate clusters to completely fused coherent units. Molecular dynamics simulations follow the predicted routes, overcome the nucleation barrier, and reach a final annealed state. While the overall behavior resembles macroscopic sintering, the nanoscale neck undergoes quantized changes in diameter and crystalline order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhao
- Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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38
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39
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Wang BC, Wang HW, Chang JC, Tso HC, Chou YM. More spherical large fullerenes and multi-layer fullerene cages. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(00)00739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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An investigation of oxidation and reduction of C60, the excited states, energy gaps and stability using semi-empirical and ab initio methods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(00)00705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Murphy RB, Cao Y, Beachy MD, Ringnalda MN, Friesner RA. Efficient pseudospectral methods for density functional calculations. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Mishra RK, Lin YT, Lee SL. Theoretical studies of the fullerene growth mechanism: Ring-collapse model to C28 and cascade bond formation. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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44
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45
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Fang Y, Rong M, He L, Zhou C. Mode-actions of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger: from genes to mechanisms to a new strategy in brain disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 1998; 52:145-56. [PMID: 9755808 DOI: 10.1016/s0753-3322(98)80203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mode-actions of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger from genes to mechanisms to a new strategy for brain disorders were comparatively studied in oxidative stress. In transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells steadily expressing the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger's gene, Ca(2+)-efflux via an active mode of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger was elicited by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) after preincubation of the cell with a Ca(2+)-free medium, whereas Ca(2+)-influx via a reverse mode of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger was dramatically evoked by H2O2 after preincubation of the cell with a Ca2+ medium, as a prelude to neuronal death. According to [45Ca2+] uptake of transfected CHO cells at given time intervals or extracellular Na+[Na+]o gradients, hyperbola, logarithmic and sigmoid curve equations of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger's mode-actions were respectively defined in the absence and the presence of H2O2. The Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger's conformational transition in oxidative stress was dominated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent cytoskeletal redox modification, cation-pi interactions and secondary Ca2+ activation. These mechanisms were used to generate an intracellulary distributed tetra-cluster (named VISA931) for rescuing G-protein agonist-sensitive signal transduction and cortico-cerebral somatosensory evoke potential (SEP) from oxidation via activating forward operation of the Na(+)-Ca2+ exchanger, the beta-adrenergic and the P2-purinergic receptors, blocking Ca2+ influx and catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide anions (O2-.) to H2O2. In conclusion, knowledge-based drug design is a new strategy for developing promising candidates of neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhong Shan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, China
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- A Van Orden
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA
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47
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48
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Foltin M, Echt O, Scheier P, Dünser B, Wörgötter R, Muigg D, Matt S, Märk TD. Dissociation of singly and multiply charged fullerenes: Emission of C4, or sequential emission of C2? J Chem Phys 1997. [DOI: 10.1063/1.475317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Foltin
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - O. Echt
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - P. Scheier
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - B. Dünser
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R. Wörgötter
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - D. Muigg
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - S. Matt
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - T. D. Märk
- Institut für Ionenphysik, Leopold Franzens Universität, Technikerstr. 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Choho K, Van de Woude G, Van Lier G, Geerlings P. An ab initio quantum chemical study on the structure, stability and polymerization of C28 and its derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(97)00014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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50
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Rubin Y. Organic Approaches to Endohedral Metallofullerenes: Cracking Open or Zipping Up Carbon Shells? Chemistry 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.19970030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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