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Using Long-Lived Thorium Isotopes to Quantify the Lithogenic Inputs to the Lakes in Qaidam Basin, China. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12080931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the 232Th–230Th system has gained popularity as a tracer to quantify lithogenic sources of trace elements to the marine environment. Thorium (Th) isotopes were utilized to quantify the supply of lithogenic inputs to Keluke Lake and Tuosu Lake in Qaidam Basin, China. A total of 33 water samples were collected from Keluke Lake, Tuosu Lake, and Bayin River to measure the concentrations of dissolved 232Th and 230Th. The relationship of 232Th concentration in the water was in the order Bayin River > Keluke Lake > KLK–TS River > Tuosu Lake, confirming the input of variable lithogenic material sources. Three sources dominate the flux of lithofacies into the lakes: the river input, the deposition of dust and the local input from the sediments surrounding the lakes. On an interannual timescale, the lithogenic flux of Keluke Lake was mainly derived from river input. In summer, the dust flux in the study area could be estimated as 0.133 g/m2/year, while the flux of lithologic material from Bayin River to Keluke Lake was 12.367 g/m2/year. In contrast, the fluvial input to the Tuosu lake was small in comparison to the dust contribution of lithogenic flux. The high Th232-concentration and the vertical sediment flux in this lake may have been caused by resuspension of bottom sediments.
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Kipp LE, McManus JF, Kienast M. Radioisotope constraints of Arctic deep water export to the North Atlantic. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3658. [PMID: 34135336 PMCID: PMC8209033 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23877-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The export of deep water from the Arctic to the Atlantic contributes to the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water, a crucial component of global ocean circulation. Records of protactinium-231 (231Pa) and thorium-230 (230Th) in Arctic sediments can provide a measure of this export, but well-constrained sedimentary budgets of these isotopes have been difficult to achieve in the Arctic Ocean. Previous studies revealed a deficit of 231Pa in central Arctic sediments, implying that some 231Pa is either transported to the margins, where it may be removed in areas of higher particle flux, or exported from the Arctic via deep water advection. Here we investigate this “missing sink” of Arctic 231Pa and find moderately increased 231Pa deposition along Arctic margins. Nonetheless, we determine that most 231Pa missing from the central basin must be lost via advection into the Nordic Seas, requiring deep water advection of 1.1 – 6.4 Sv through Fram Strait. North Atlantic deep water (NADW) formation influences the climate and carbon cycle, but the contribution of Arctic waters is difficult to constrain. Here the authors use Pa/Th proxy measurements to determine the amount of Arctic Ocean water that flows through the Fram Strait and contributes to NADW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Kipp
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA. .,Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,Department of Environmental Science, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA.
| | - Jerry F McManus
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus Kienast
- Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Grenier M, François R, Soon M, Rutgers van der Loeff M, Yu X, Valk O, Not C, Moran SB, Edwards RL, Lu Y, Lepore K, Allen SE. Changes in Circulation and Particle Scavenging in the Amerasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean over the Last Three Decades Inferred from the Water Column Distribution of Geochemical Tracers. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. OCEANS 2019; 124:9338-9363. [PMID: 32064221 PMCID: PMC7006760 DOI: 10.1029/2019jc015265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the 1980-1990s, international research efforts have augmented our knowledge of the physical and chemical properties of the Arctic Ocean water masses, and recent studies have documented changes. Understanding the processes responsible for these changes is necessary to be able to forecast the local and global consequences of these property evolutions on climate. The present work investigates the distributions of geochemical tracers of particle fluxes and circulation in the Amerasian Basin and their temporal evolution over the last three decades (from stations visited between 1983 and 2015). Profiles of 230-thorium (230Th) and 231-protactinium (231Pa) concentrations and neodymium isotopes (expressed as εNd) measured in the Amerasian Basin prior to 2000 are compared to a new, post-2000s data set. The comparison shows a large scale decrease in dissolved 230Th and 231Pa concentrations, suggesting intensification of scavenging by particle flux, especially in coastal areas. Higher productivity and sediment resuspension from the shelves appear responsible for the concentration decrease along the margins. In the basin interior, increased lateral exchanges with the boundary circulation also contribute to the decrease in concentration. This study illustrates how dissolved 230Th and 231Pa, with εNd support, can provide unique insights not only into changes in particle flux but also into the evolution of ocean circulation and mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Grenier
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Roger François
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Maureen Soon
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | - Xiaoxin Yu
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Ole Valk
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - Christelle Not
- Department of Earth SciencesThe University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - S. Bradley Moran
- College of Fisheries and Ocean SciencesUniversity of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAKUSA
| | | | - Yanbin Lu
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA
| | | | - Susan E. Allen
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
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Meija J, Coplen TB, Berglund M, Brand WA, De Bièvre P, Gröning M, Holden NE, Irrgeher J, Loss RD, Walczyk T, Prohaska T. Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2015-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe biennial review of atomic-weight determinations and other cognate data has resulted in changes for the standard atomic weights of 19 elements. The standard atomic weights of four elements have been revised based on recent determinations of isotopic abundances in natural terrestrial materials:
cadmium to 112.414(4) from 112.411(8),molybdenum to 95.95(1) from 95.96(2),selenium to 78.971(8) from 78.96(3), andthorium to 232.0377(4) from 232.038 06(2).The Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (ciaaw.org) also revised the standard atomic weights of fifteen elements based on the 2012 Atomic Mass Evaluation:
aluminium (aluminum) to 26.981 5385(7) from 26.981 5386(8),arsenic to 74.921 595(6) from 74.921 60(2),beryllium to 9.012 1831(5) from 9.012 182(3),caesium (cesium) to 132.905 451 96(6) from 132.905 4519(2),cobalt to 58.933 194(4) from 58.933 195(5),fluorine to 18.998 403 163(6) from 18.998 4032(5),gold to 196.966 569(5) from 196.966 569(4),holmium to 164.930 33(2) from 164.930 32(2),manganese to 54.938 044(3) from 54.938 045(5),niobium to 92.906 37(2) from 92.906 38(2),phosphorus to 30.973 761 998(5) from 30.973 762(2),praseodymium to 140.907 66(2) from 140.907 65(2),scandium to 44.955 908(5) from 44.955 912(6),thulium to 168.934 22(2) from 168.934 21(2), andyttrium to 88.905 84(2) from 88.905 85(2).The Commission also recommends the standard value for the natural terrestrial uranium isotope ratio, N(238U)/N(235U)=137.8(1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juris Meija
- 1National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Michael Berglund
- 3Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Geel, Belgium
| | - Willi A. Brand
- 4Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - Paul De Bièvre
- 5Independent Consultant on Metrology in Chemistry, Belgium
| | | | | | - Johanna Irrgeher
- 8Helmholtz-Centre for Materials and Coastal Research Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Robert D. Loss
- 9Department of Applied Physics, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia
| | - Thomas Walczyk
- 10Department of Chemistry (Science) and Department of Biochemistry (Medicine), National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
| | - Thomas Prohaska
- 11Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Rapid collection of iron hydroxide for determination of Th isotopes in seawater. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 804:120-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Determination of 232Th in seawater by ICP-MS after preconcentration and separation using a chelating resin. Talanta 2011; 85:1772-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shen CC, Cheng H, Edwards RL, Moran SB, Edmonds HN, Hoff JA, Thomas RB. Measurement of attogram quantities of 231Pa in dissolved and particulate fractions of seawater by isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2003; 75:1075-9. [PMID: 12641225 DOI: 10.1021/ac026247r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A technique has been developed to quantify ultratrace 231Pa (50-2000 ag; 1 ag = 10(-18) g) concentrations in seawater using isotope-dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). The method is a modification of a process developed by Pickett et al. (Pickett, D. A.; Murrell, M. T.; Williams, R. W. Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 1044-1049) and extends the technique to very low levels of protactinium. The procedural blank is 16 +/- 15 ag (2sigma), and the ionization efficiency (ions generated/atom loaded) approaches 0.5%. Measurement time is <1 h. The amount of 231Pa needed to produce 231Pa data with an uncertainty of +/-4-12% is 100-1000 ag (approximately 3 x 10(5) to 3 x 10(6) atoms). Replicate measurements made on known standards and seawater samples demonstrate that the analytical precision approximates that expected from counting statistics and that, based on detection limits of 38 and 49 ag, protactinium can be detected in a minimum sample size of surface seawater of approximately 2 L for suspended particulate matter and <0.1 L for filtered (<0.4 microm) seawater, respectively. The concentration of 231Pa (tens of attograms per liter) can be determined with an uncertainty of +/-5-10% (2sigma) for suspended particulate matter filtered from 5 to 10 L of seawater. For the dissolved fraction, 0.5-1 L of seawater yields 231Pa measurements with a precision of 1-10%. Sample size requirements are orders of magnitude less than traditional decay-counting techniques and significantly less than previously reported ICP-MS techniques. Our technique can also be applied to other environmental samples, including cave waters, rivers, and igneous rocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Chou Shen
- Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, ROC.
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Baskaran M. Scavenging of thorium isotopes in the Arctic regions: implications for the fate of particle-reactive pollutants. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2001; 42:16-22. [PMID: 11382979 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-326x(00)00194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The sources of inorganic pollutants to the Arctic areas are reviewed using previously published results. The removal of particle-reactive pollutants is discussed using thorium scavenging as an analog. The scavenging of 234Th from the upper water column (approximately 100 m) and sediment inventory of 230Th from the deep Arctic waters is compared to different ocean basins in the subarctic areas. Such a comparison shows that 234Th is in equilibrium with its parent, 238U, in certain regions of the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean, while it is deficient in other regions of the arctic as well as in sub-polar ocean basins. This implies that the particle-reactive pollutants in the deep Arctic of the Canada Basin are less likely to be removed from the deep waters and will eventually be transported out of this area. We have utilized the 230Th inventory in sediments from the Arctic area to determine the removal rates of particle-reactive nuclides. The 230Th inventory in the deep Arctic Ocean of the Canada Basin is much lower than the Norwegian Sea and the Fram Strait of the Arctic as well as all other sub-polar world oceans. These observations suggest that any pollutants into the deep Arctic areas of the Canada Basin are less likely to be removed locally and may be transported out of this area. In those areas, the colloidal material could potentially play a major role in the removal of particle-reactive contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baskaran
- Department of Geology, Wayne State University, 0224 Old Main Building, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Lipschutz
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393, USA
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