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Djanaguiraman M, Boyle DL, Welti R, Jagadish SVK, Prasad PVV. Decreased photosynthetic rate under high temperature in wheat is due to lipid desaturation, oxidation, acylation, and damage of organelles. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:55. [PMID: 29621997 PMCID: PMC5887265 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High temperature is a major abiotic stress that limits wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity. Variation in levels of a wide range of lipids, including stress-related molecular species, oxidative damage, cellular organization and ultrastructural changes were analyzed to provide an integrated view of the factors that underlie decreased photosynthetic rate under high temperature stress. Wheat plants of cultivar Chinese Spring were grown at optimum temperatures (25/15 °C, maximum/minimum) until the onset of the booting stage. Thereafter, plants were exposed to high temperature (35/25 °C) for 16 d. RESULTS Compared with optimum temperature, a lower photosynthetic rate was observed at high temperature which is an interplay between thylakoid membrane damage, thylakoid membrane lipid composition, oxidative damage of cell organelle, and stomatal and non-stomatal limitations. Triacylglycerol levels were higher under high temperature stress. Polar lipid fatty acyl unsaturation was lower at high temperature, while triacylglycerol unsaturation was the same at high temperature and optimum temperature. The changes in lipid species indicates increases in activities of desaturating, oxidizing, glycosylating and acylating enzymes under high temperature stress. Cumulative effect of high temperature stress led to generation of reactive oxygen species, cell organelle and membrane damage, and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity, and imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense system. CONCLUSIONS Taken together with recent findings demonstrating that reactive oxygen species are formed from and are removed by thylakoid lipids, the data suggest that reactive oxygen species production, reactive oxygen species removal, and changes in lipid metabolism contribute to decreased photosynthetic rate under high temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Djanaguiraman
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India
| | - D. L. Boyle
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - R. Welti
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - S. V. K. Jagadish
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - P. V. V. Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
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Stüeken EE, Kipp MA, Koehler MC, Schwieterman EW, Johnson B, Buick R. Modeling pN 2 through Geological Time: Implications for Planetary Climates and Atmospheric Biosignatures. ASTROBIOLOGY 2016; 16:949-963. [PMID: 27905827 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2016.1537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen is a major nutrient for all life on Earth and could plausibly play a similar role in extraterrestrial biospheres. The major reservoir of nitrogen at Earth's surface is atmospheric N2, but recent studies have proposed that the size of this reservoir may have fluctuated significantly over the course of Earth's history with particularly low levels in the Neoarchean-presumably as a result of biological activity. We used a biogeochemical box model to test which conditions are necessary to cause large swings in atmospheric N2 pressure. Parameters for our model are constrained by observations of modern Earth and reconstructions of biomass burial and oxidative weathering in deep time. A 1-D climate model was used to model potential effects on atmospheric climate. In a second set of tests, we perturbed our box model to investigate which parameters have the greatest impact on the evolution of atmospheric pN2 and consider possible implications for nitrogen cycling on other planets. Our results suggest that (a) a high rate of biomass burial would have been needed in the Archean to draw down atmospheric pN2 to less than half modern levels, (b) the resulting effect on temperature could probably have been compensated by increasing solar luminosity and a mild increase in pCO2, and (c) atmospheric oxygenation could have initiated a stepwise pN2 rebound through oxidative weathering. In general, life appears to be necessary for significant atmospheric pN2 swings on Earth-like planets. Our results further support the idea that an exoplanetary atmosphere rich in both N2 and O2 is a signature of an oxygen-producing biosphere. Key Words: Biosignatures-Early Earth-Planetary atmospheres. Astrobiology 16, 949-963.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Stüeken
- 1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California, USA
- 3 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St Andrews , St Andrews, Scotland, UK
- 4 NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M A Kipp
- 1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- 4 NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M C Koehler
- 1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- 4 NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - E W Schwieterman
- 2 Department of Earth Sciences, University of California , Riverside, California, USA
- 4 NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory , Seattle, Washington, USA
- 5 Department of Astronomy and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - B Johnson
- 6 School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria , Victoria, Canada
| | - R Buick
- 1 Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington, USA
- 4 NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory , Seattle, Washington, USA
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Choi Y, Wang Y, Zeng T, Cunnold D, Yang ES, Martin R, Chance K, Thouret V, Edgerton E. Springtime transitions of NO2, CO, and O3over North America: Model evaluation and analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Taylor A, Matta CF, Boyd RJ. The Hydrated Electron as a Pseudo-Atom in Cavity-Bound Water Clusters. J Chem Theory Comput 2007; 3:1054-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ct600334w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J3, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3M 2J6
| | - Chérif F. Matta
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J3, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3M 2J6
| | - Russell J. Boyd
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 4J3, and Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Saint Vincent University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3M 2J6
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Lee HM, Suh SB, Tarakeshwar P, Kim KS. Origin of the magic numbers of water clusters with an excess electron. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:44309. [PMID: 15740250 DOI: 10.1063/1.1834502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electron-bound water clusters [e(-)(H(2)O)(n)] show very strong peaks in mass spectra for n=2, 6, 7, and (11), which are called magic numbers. The origin of the magic numbers has been an enigma for the last two decades. Although the magic numbers have often been conjectured to arise from the intrinsic properties of electron-bound water clusters, we attributed them not to their intrinsic properties but to the particularly weak stability of the corresponding neutral water clusters (H(2)O)(n=2,6,7, and (11)). As the cluster size increases; this nonsmooth characteristic feature in stability of neutral water clusters is contrasted to the smooth increase in stability of e(-)-water clusters. As the magic number clusters have significant positive adiabatic electron affinities, their abundant distributions in atmosphere could play a significant role in atmospheric thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Myoung Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Superfunctional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Michelsen HA. ATMOS version 3 water vapor measurements: Comparisons with observations from two ER-2 Lyman-α hygrometers, MkIV, HALOE, SAGE II, MAS, and MLS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Arya SC. Glabal climate change and weakened therapeutic agents against ischaemic heart diseases. Cardiology 2000; 90:309-10. [PMID: 10357598 DOI: 10.1159/000006865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Michelsen HA, Irion FW, Manney GL, Toon GC, Gunson MR. Features and trends in Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) version 3 stratospheric water vapor and methane measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Evidence for a link between global lightning activity and upper tropospheric water vapour. Nature 2000; 406:290-3. [PMID: 10917527 DOI: 10.1038/35018543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tropospheric water vapour is a key element of the Earth's climate, which has direct effects as a greenhouse gas, as well as indirect effects through interaction with clouds, aerosols and tropospheric chemistry. Small changes in upper-tropospheric water vapour have a much larger impact on the greenhouse effect than small changes in water vapour in the lower atmosphere, but whether this impact is a positive or negative feedback remains uncertain. The main challenge in addressing this question is the difficulty in monitoring upper-tropospheric water vapour globally over long timescales. Here I show that upper-tropospheric water-vapour variability and global lightning activity are closely linked, suggesting that upper-tropospheric water-vapour changes can be inferred from records of global lightning activity, readily obtained from observations at a single location on the Earth's surface. This correlation reflects the fact that continental deep-convective thunderstorms transport large amounts of water vapour into the upper troposphere and thereby dominate the variations of global upper-tropospheric water vapour while producing most of the lightning on Earth. As global lightning induces Schumann resonances, an electromagnetic phenomenon in the atmosphere that can be observed easily at low cost, monitoring of these resonances might provide a convenient method for tracking upper-tropospheric water-vapour variability and hence contribute to a better understanding of the processes affecting climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Epstein
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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