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Unique evidence of fluid alteration in the Kakowa (L6) ordinary chondrite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5520. [PMID: 35414699 PMCID: PMC9005539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meteorites preserve evidence of processes on their parent bodies, including alteration, metamorphism, and shock events. Here we show that the Kakowa (L6) ordinary chondrite (OC) preserves both shock-melt veins and pockets of detrital grains from a brecciated and altered object, including corundum, albite, silica, fayalite, forsterite, and margarite in a Pb- and Fe-rich matrix. Preservation of the observed mineralogy and texture requires a sequence of at least two impacts: first, a high-velocity collision formed the shock melt veins containing the high-pressure minerals ringwoodite, wadsleyite, majorite, and albitic jadeite; later, a low-velocity impact formed fractures and filled them with the detrital material. Oxygen and Pb isotope ratios suggest an OC origin for these detrital minerals. Although fluid alteration is common in carbonaceous chondrites, the discovery of margarite with an OC oxygen isotopic signature is novel. Kakowa extends both the impact and alteration history of L6 ordinary chondrites in general.
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Pittarello L, Daly L, PickersgilL AE, Ferrière L, Lee MR. Shock metamorphism in plagioclase and selective amorphization. METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE 2020; 55:1103-1115. [PMID: 32999586 PMCID: PMC7507835 DOI: 10.1111/maps.13494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plagioclase feldspar is one of the most common rock-forming minerals on the surfaces of the Earth and other terrestrial planetary bodies, where it has been exposed to the ubiquitous process of hypervelocity impact. However, the response of plagioclase to shock metamorphism remains poorly understood. In particular, constraining the initiation and progression of shock-induced amorphization in plagioclase (i.e., conversion to diaplectic glass) would improve our knowledge of how shock progressively deforms plagioclase. In turn, this information would enable plagioclase to be used to evaluate the shock stage of meteorites and terrestrial impactites, whenever they lack traditionally used shock indicator minerals, such as olivine and quartz. Here, we report on an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) study of shocked plagioclase grains in a metagranite shatter cone from the central uplift of the Manicouagan impact structure, Canada. Our study suggests that, in plagioclase, shock amorphization is initially localized either within pre-existing twins or along lamellae, with similar characteristics to planar deformation features (PDFs) but that resemble twins in their periodicity. These lamellae likely represent specific crystallographic planes that undergo preferential structural failure under shock conditions. The orientation of preexisting twin sets that are preferentially amorphized and that of amorphous lamellae is likely favorable with respect to scattering of the local shock wave and corresponds to the "weakest" orientation for a specific shock pressure value. This observation supports a universal formation mechanism for PDFs in silicate minerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Pittarello
- Department of Mineralogy and PetrographyNatural History MuseumBurgring 7A‐1010ViennaAustria
- Department of Lithospheric ResearchUniversity of ViennaAlthanstrasse 14A‐1090ViennaAustria
| | - Luke Daly
- School of Geographical and Earth SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGregory BuildingLilybank GardensGlasgowG12 8QQUK
- Space Science and Technology CentreSchool of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin UniversityGPO Box U 1987PerthWestern Australia6845Australia
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and MicroanalysisUniversity of SydneySydney2006New South WalesAustralia
| | - Annemarie E. PickersgilL
- School of Geographical and Earth SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGregory BuildingLilybank GardensGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Ludovic Ferrière
- Department of Mineralogy and PetrographyNatural History MuseumBurgring 7A‐1010ViennaAustria
| | - Martin R. Lee
- School of Geographical and Earth SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGregory BuildingLilybank GardensGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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Chukanov NV, Vigasina MF. Raman Spectra of Minerals. VIBRATIONAL (INFRARED AND RAMAN) SPECTRA OF MINERALS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26803-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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High pressure minerals in the Château-Renard (L6) ordinary chondrite: implications for collisions on its parent body. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9851. [PMID: 29959423 PMCID: PMC6026127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first discoveries of high-pressure minerals in the historical L6 chondrite fall Château-Renard, based on co-located Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and electron backscatter diffraction, electron microprobe analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with selected-area electron diffraction. A single polished section contains a network of melt veins from ~40 to ~200 μm wide, with no cross-cutting features requiring multiple vein generations. We find high-pressure minerals in veins greater than ~50 μm wide, including assemblages of ringwoodite + wadsleyite, ringwoodite + wadsleyite + majorite-pyropess, and ahrensite + wadsleyite. In association with ahrensite + wadsleyite at both SEM and TEM scale, we find a sodic pyroxene whose Raman spectrum is indistinguishable from that of jadeite but whose composition and structure are those of omphacite. We discuss constraints on the impact record of this meteorite and the L-chondrites in general.
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Agarwal A, Reznik B, Kontny A, Heissler S, Schilling F. Lingunite-a high-pressure plagioclase polymorph at mineral interfaces in doleritic rock of the Lockne impact structure (Sweden). Sci Rep 2016; 6:25991. [PMID: 27188436 PMCID: PMC4870623 DOI: 10.1038/srep25991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lingunite nanocrystals and amorphous plagioclase (maskelynite) are identified at the contacts between augite and labradorite wedge-shaped interfaces in the doleritic rocks of the Lockne impact structure in Sweden. The occurrence of lingunite suggests that the local pressure was above 19 GPa and the local temperature overwhelmed 1000 °C. These values are up to 10 times higher than previous values estimated numerically for bulk pressure and temperature. High shock-induced temperatures are manifested by maskelynite injections into microfractures in augite located next to the wedges. We discuss a possible model of shock heterogeneity at mineral interfaces, which may lead to longer duration of the same shock pressure and a concentration of high temperature thus triggering the kinetics of labradorite transformation into lingunite and maskelynite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amar Agarwal
- Division of Structural Geology and Tectonophysics, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Earth Science, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India.,Laboratory of Paleomagnetism, Institute of Geophysics, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 4510 Mexico DF, Mexico
| | - Boris Reznik
- Division of Structural Geology and Tectonophysics, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Agnes Kontny
- Division of Structural Geology and Tectonophysics, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Heissler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Schilling
- Division of Technical Petrophysics, Institute of Applied Geosciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Miyahara M, Kaneko S, Ohtani E, Sakai T, Nagase T, Kayama M, Nishido H, Hirao N. Discovery of seifertite in a shocked lunar meteorite. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1737. [PMID: 23612278 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Baziotis IP, Liu Y, DeCarli PS, Jay Melosh H, McSween HY, Bodnar RJ, Taylor LA. The Tissint Martian meteorite as evidence for the largest impact excavation. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1404. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Wu C, Wei H, Ning B, Xie Y. New vanadium oxide nanostructures: controlled synthesis and their smart electrical switching properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2010; 22:1972-1976. [PMID: 20527000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.200903890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Control over the different polymorphs of vanadium oxide that possess electrical switching properties is advancing rapidly as a result of the need to address energy-efficiency issues; an example of which is the intelligent regulation of infrared light demonstrated by these polymorphs. Recent advances in the development of new vanadium oxide structures as well as their promising electrical switching properties are summarized here. Theoretical analysis and experimental results suggest that the presence of infinite vanadium ion chains in the crystal structure plays a decisive role in determining the electrical properties of vanadium oxides. The successful synthesis of new vanadium oxide materials and their nanostructures not only promotes a mechanistic understanding of the temperature-driven electrical switching properties but also provides the right materials for constructing smart devices that can selectively filter out infrared light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changzheng Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, P R China
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Abstract
Abstract
Our knowledge of the structure of the Earth´s interior has been obtained by analysing seismic waves that travel in the Earth, and the reference Earth global models used by geophysicists are essentially seismological. Depth profiles of the seismic waves velocities reveal that the deep Earth is divided in several shells, separated by velocity and density discontinuities. The main discontinuity located at a depth of 2900 km corresponds to the transition between the mantle and the core. The Earth´s mantle can be further divided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle, with a transition zone characterised by two prominent increases in velocities observed at 410- and 660-km depths. This article will be focused on the mineral phases of the Earth´s mantle. The interpretation of seismological models in terms of chemical composition and temperature relies on the knowledge of the nature, structure and elastic properties of the candidate materials. We will describe to what extent recent advances in experimental mineral physics and X-ray diffraction have yielded essential knowledge on the structure and high-pressure high-temperature behaviour of pertinent materials, and major improvements in our understanding of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the Earth´s mantle.
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Ultrafast growth of wadsleyite in shock-produced melts and its implications for early solar system impact processes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:13691-5. [PMID: 19667178 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905751106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed micrometer-sized grains of wadsleyite, a high-pressure phase of (Mg,Fe)(2)SiO(4,) in the recovery products of a shock experiment. We infer these grains crystallized from shock-generated melt over a time interval of <1 micros, the maximum time over which our experiment reached and sustained pressure sufficient to stabilize this phase. This rapid crystal growth rate (approximately 1 m/s) suggests that, contrary to the conclusions of previous studies of the occurrence of high-pressure phases in shock-melt veins in strongly shocked meteorites, the growth of high-pressure phases from the melt during shock events is not diffusion-controlled. Another process, such as microturbulent transport, must be active in the crystal growth process. This result implies that the times necessary to crystallize the high-pressure phases in shocked meteorites may correspond to shock pressure durations achieved on impacts between objects 1-5 m in diameter and not, as previously inferred, approximately 1-5 km in diameter. These results may also provide another pathway for syntheses, via shock recovery, of some high-value, high-pressure phases.
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Beck P, Gillet P, El Goresy A, Mostefaoui S. Timescales of shock processes in chondritic and martian meteorites. Nature 2005; 435:1071-4. [PMID: 15973403 DOI: 10.1038/nature03616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The accretion of the terrestrial planets from asteroid collisions and the delivery to the Earth of martian and lunar meteorites has been modelled extensively. Meteorites that have experienced shock waves from such collisions can potentially be used to reveal the accretion process at different stages of evolution within the Solar System. Here we have determined the peak pressure experienced and the duration of impact in a chondrite and a martian meteorite, and have combined the data with impact scaling laws to infer the sizes of the impactors and the associated craters on the meteorite parent bodies. The duration of shock events is inferred from trace element distributions between coexisting high-pressure minerals in the shear melt veins of the meteorites. The shock duration and the associated sizes of the impactor are found to be much greater in the chondrite (approximately 1 s and 5 km, respectively) than in the martian meteorite (approximately 10 ms and 100 m). The latter result compares well with numerical modelling studies of cratering on Mars, and we suggest that martian meteorites with similar, recent ejection ages (10(5) to 10(7) years ago) may have originated from the same few square kilometres on Mars.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Beck
- Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre, CNRS UMR 5570, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon et Université Lyon I, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 7, France.
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Chen M, Shu J, Mao HK, Xie X, Hemley RJ. Natural occurrence and synthesis of two new postspinel polymorphs of chromite. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003; 100:14651-4. [PMID: 14645712 PMCID: PMC299753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2136599100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-pressure polymorph of chromite, the first natural sample with the calcium ferrite structure, has been discovered in the shock veins of the Suizhou meteorite. Synchrotron x-ray diffraction analyses reveal an orthorhombic CaFe2O4-type (CF) structure. The unit-cell parameters are a = 8.954(7) A, b = 2.986(2) A, c = 9.891(7) A, V = 264.5(4) A3 (Z = 4) with space group Pnma. The new phase has a density of 5.62 g/cm3, which is 9.4% denser than chromite-spinel. We performed laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments to establish that chromite-spinel transforms to CF at 12.5 GPa and then to the recently discovered CaTi2O4-type (CT) structure above 20 GPa. With the ubiquitous presence of chromite, the CF and CT phases may be among the important index minerals for natural transition sequence and pressure and temperature conditions in mantle rocks, shock-metamorphosed terrestrial rocks, and meteorites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wushan, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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NaAlSi3O8-hollandite and other high-pressure minerals in the shock melt veins of the Suizhou meteorite. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02900692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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