1
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Ma M, Qian J, Jiang K, Wang L, Song Y, Zhang W. Molecular-level periodic arrays of long-chain poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) driven by an electric field. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39045735 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr01900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) periodic arrays of conductive polymers represent attractive platforms for wiring functional molecules into the integrated circuits of molecular electronics. However, the large-scale assembly of polymer periodic arrays at the molecular level faces challenges such as curling, twisting, and aggregation. Here, we assembled the periodic arrays of long-chain poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT, Mw = 65 k) at the solid-liquid interface by applying an electric field, within which the charged chain segments were aligned. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging revealed that individual P3HT chains assemble into monolayers featuring face-on orientation, extended chain conformation and isolated packing, which is thermodynamically more stable than folded chains in 2D polycrystals. The assembly process is initiated with the formation of disordered clusters and progresses through voltage-dependent nucleation and growth of extended-chain arrays, wherein continuous conformational adjustments along the nucleation pathway exhibit dependence on the cluster size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Jingyi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Liyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Wenke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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2
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Fan J, Xu Z, Qi P, Guo C. Peptide-Based Electrical Array Sensor for Discriminating Heavy Metal Ions. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12147-12154. [PMID: 38994635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Charge transport in molecular junctions provides an excellent way to investigate the response of molecules to intrinsic changes and external stimuli, exhibiting powerful potential for developing sensors. However, achieving multianalyte recognition remains a challenge. Herein, we innovatively developed an electrical array sensor based on peptide self-assembled layers for discriminating various heavy metal ions. Three peptide sequences were designed as sensing units with varying binding affinities for different metal ions. Electrical measurements demonstrated that different metal ions diversely affect the charge transport of peptide junctions. By using principal component analysis, a clear discrimination between the five kinds of heavy metal ions can be achieved. In the analysis of real samples, the array sensor showed a reliable anti-interference capability. The array sensor offers possibilities for large-area molecular junctions to construct functional molecular sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Fan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Zhongchen Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Pan Qi
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
| | - Cunlan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, P. R. China
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3
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Hu W, Zhang Z, Xiong W, Li M, Yan Y, Yang C, Zou Q, Lü JT, Tian H, Guo X. Direct flipping dynamics and quantized enrichment of chirality at single-molecule resolution. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado1125. [PMID: 38996014 PMCID: PMC11244442 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado1125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Chirality is an important aspect of nature, and numerous macroscopic methods have been developed to understand and control chirality. For the chiral tertiary amines, their flexible flipping process makes it possible to achieve high chiral controllability without bond formation and breaking. Here, we present a type of stable chiral single-molecule devices formed by tertiary amines, using graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions. These single-molecule devices allow real-time, in situ, and long-time measurements of the flipping process of an individual chiral nitrogen center with high temporal resolution. Temperature- and bias voltage-dependent experiments, along with theoretical investigations, revealed diverse chiral intermediates, indicating the regulation of the flipping dynamics by energy-related factors. Angle-dependent measurements further demonstrated efficient enrichment of chiral states using linearly polarized light by a symmetry-related factor. This approach offers a reliable means for understanding the chirality's origin, elucidating microscopic chirality regulation mechanisms, and aiding in the design of effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Wan Xiong
- School of Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Mingyao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yong Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Center for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices, Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Caiyao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Tao Lü
- School of Physics, Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - He Tian
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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Li M, Jiang Y, Ju H, He S, Jia C, Guo X. Electronic Devices Based on Heterostructures of 2D Materials and Self-Assembled Monolayers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402857. [PMID: 38934535 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
2D materials (2DMs), known for their atomically ultrathin structure, exhibit remarkable electrical and optical properties. Similarly, molecular self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with comparable atomic thickness show an abundance of designable structures and properties. The strategy of constructing electronic devices through unique heterostructures formed by van der Waals assembly between 2DMs and molecular SAMs not only enables device miniaturization, but also allows for convenient adjustment of their structures and functions. In this review, the fundamental structures and fabrication methods of three different types of electronic devices dominated by 2DM-SAM heterojunctions with varying architectures are timely elaborated. Based on these heterojunctions, their fundamental functionalities and characteristics, as well as the regulation of their performance by external stimuli, are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Suhang He
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Pavalamuthu M, Navamani K. Entropy-ruled nonequilibrium charge transport in thiazolothiazole-based molecular crystals: a quantum chemical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:16488-16504. [PMID: 38751327 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05739a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The charge and energy fluctuations in molecular solids are crucial factors for a better understanding of charge transport (CT) in organic semiconductors. The energetic disorder-coupled molecular charge transport is still not well-established. Moreover, the conventional Einstein's diffusion (D)-mobility (μ) relation fails to explain the quantum features of organic semiconductors, including nonequilibrium and degenerate transport systems, where kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature and q is the electric charge. To overcome this issue, a unified version of the entropy-ruled D/μ relation was proposed by Navamani (J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2024, 15, 2519-2528) for hopping and band transport systems as where d, η and heff are the dimension (d = 1, 2, 3), chemical potential and effective entropy, respectively. Within this context, we investigate the CT properties of 2,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (MOP-TZTZ) and 2,5-bis(2,4,5 trifluorophenyl)-thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole (TFP-TZTZ) molecular solids using electronic structure calculations and the entropy-ruled method. The CT key parameters such as charge transfer integral and site energy are computed by matrix elements of the Kohn-Sham Hamiltonian. Using Marcus theory, the charge transfer rate is numerically calculated for MOP-TZTZ and TFP-TZTZ molecular crystals under different site energy disorder (ΔEij(E⃑)) situations. Using our entropy-ruled method, the exact diffusion-mobility (D/μ) and other transport quantities such as thermodynamic density of states, conductivity, and current density are calculated for these derivatives at different applied electric field values via the site energy disorder. The theoretical results show that the molecule TFP-TZTZ has good hole mobility (∼0.012 cm2 V-1 s-1) at a site energy disorder value of 90 meV. The obtained ideality factor from the Navamani-Shockley diode current density equation categorizes the typical transport as either the Langevin-type or Shockley-Read-Hall mechanism in the studied molecular solids. Our analysis clearly shows that both the electron and hole transport in these MOP-TZTZ and TFP-TZTZ molecules follow the trap-free Langevin mechanism, which is indeed ideal for designing charge-transporting molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pavalamuthu
- Department of Physics, Centre for Research and Development (CFRD), KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641407, India.
| | - K Navamani
- Department of Physics, Centre for Research and Development (CFRD), KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641407, India.
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6
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Cui P, Dai Z, Wu Z, Deng M. Effect of Bridging Manner on the Transport Behaviors of Dimethyldihydropyrene/Cyclophanediene Molecular Devices. Molecules 2024; 29:2726. [PMID: 38930792 PMCID: PMC11205608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A molecule-electrode interface with different coupling strengths is one of the greatest challenges in fabricating reliable molecular switches. In this paper, the effects of bridging manner on the transport behaviors of a dimethyldihydropyrene/cyclophanediene (DHP/CPD) molecule connected to two graphene nanoribbon (GNR) electrodes have been investigated by using the non-equilibrium Green's function combined with density functional theory. The results show that both current values and ON/OFF ratios can be modulated to more than three orders of magnitude by changing bridging manner. Bias-dependent transmission spectra and molecule-projected self-consistent Hamiltonians are used to illustrate the conductance and switching feature. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the bridging manner modulates the electron transport by changing the energy level alignment between the molecule and the GNR electrodes. This work highlights the ability to achieve distinct conductance and switching performance in single-molecular junctions by varying bridging manners between DHP/CPD molecules and GNR electrodes, thus offering practical insights for designing molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ziye Wu
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mingsen Deng
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China
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7
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Yang J, Li Y, Zhang Z, Li H. A bias voltage controlled electrode-molecule interface in single-molecule junctions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5980-5983. [PMID: 38769815 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01143k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Tuning the electrode-molecule interface stands at the heart of functional single-molecule devices. Herein, we report that the electrode-molecule interface of difluoro-substituted benzothiadiazole (FBTZ)-based single-molecule junctions can be modulated by the bias voltage. At low bias voltage (100 mV), the dative Au-N linkage is formed and at high bias voltage (600 mV), a covalent Au-C linkage is constructed. These junctions show distinct conductance. Interestingly, dominant charge carriers in Au-N- and Au-C-based junctions are different, as evidenced by dft calculations. These results provide a new strategy for regulating the electrode-molecule interface, which will advance the development of molecular electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Zekai Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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8
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Hamedian A, Vakili M, Brandán SA, Akbari M, Kanaani A, Darugar V. Theoretical study on the structure, spectroscopic, and current-voltage behavior of 11-Cis and Trans retinal isomers in rhodopsin. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12452. [PMID: 38816529 PMCID: PMC11140004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the electronic transport properties of 11-Cis and Trans retinal, components of rhodopsin, were investigated as optical molecular switches using the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism combined with first-principles density functional theory (DFT). These isomers, which can be reversibly converted into each other, were examined in detail. The structural and spectroscopic properties, including infrared (IR), Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and ultraviolet (UV) spectra, were analyzed using the hybrid B3LYP/6-311 + + G** level of theory. Complete vibrational assignments were performed for both forms utilizing the scaled quantum mechanical force field (SQMFF) methodology. To evaluate the conductivity of these molecules, we utilized current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, transmission spectra, molecular projected self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH), HOMO-LUMO gap, and second-order interaction energies (E2). The trendline extrapolation of the current-voltage plots confirmed our findings. We investigated the effect of different electrodes (Ag, Au, Pt) and various connection sites (hollow, top, bridge) on conductivity. The Ag electrode with the hollow site exhibited the highest efficiency. Our results indicate that the Cis form has higher conductivity than the Trans form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hamedian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran
| | - Mohammad Vakili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran.
| | - Silvia A Brandán
- Cátedra de Química General, Instituto de Química, Inorgánica Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 471, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mahmood Akbari
- UNESCO‑UNISA-ITL Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (U2ACN2), College of Graduate Studies, University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ayoub Kanaani
- School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan, 36716-41167, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Darugar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 91775-1436, Iran
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Xu X, Gao C, Emusani R, Jia C, Xiang D. Toward Practical Single-Molecule/Atom Switches. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400877. [PMID: 38810145 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electronic switches have been considered to be one of the most important components of contemporary electronic circuits for processing and storing digital information. Fabricating functional devices with building blocks of atomic/molecular switches can greatly promote the minimization of the devices and meet the requirement of high integration. This review highlights key developments in the fabrication and application of molecular switching devices. This overview offers valuable insights into the switching mechanisms under various stimuli, emphasizing structural and energy state changes in the core molecules. Beyond the molecular switches, typical individual metal atomic switches are further introduced. A critical discussion of the main challenges for realizing and developing practical molecular/atomic switches is provided. These analyses and summaries will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the switch mechanisms, providing guidance for the rational design of functional nanoswitch devices toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ramya Emusani
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
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Luo C, Chen T, Cen K, Xie L, Dong X, Xiao X. Transition Metal (Co, V, W, Zr) Single-Atom Decorated Biphenylene for Enhancing the Sensing Performance of SF 6 Decomposition Molecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9490-9500. [PMID: 38666488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The highly sensitive gas sensors used to monitor the decomposition of toxic gases in the dielectric materials of electrical equipment are vital in preventing safety problems arising from corrosion of the equipment. Recently, biphenylene (BPN) has been prepared through surface interpolymer hydrofluorination (HF zipper) reaction, whereas potential gas-sensitive devices based on the BPN monolayer have lacked in-depth investigation. The stable geometries, adsorption energies, interlayer distances, and charge transfers of small molecules of toxic gases (H2S, SO2, SOF2, SO2F2) produced by SF6 chalcogenide molecules of decomposition adsorbed on the original BPN monolayer are systematically researched by using nonequilibrium Green's function methods and density functional theory. The results indicated that all small molecules adsorbed on the BPN monolayer are physisorbed, while the type of adsorption turned from physisorption to chemisorption when BPN carried out adsorption with adsorbing a transition metal atom (TMA). In addition, the characteristics of current-voltage (I-V) curves of H2S and SO2 based on the TMA-BPN gas sensors revealed that the currents in BPN-based gas sensors displayed an obvious anisotropy, and the currents in the zigzag direction are larger than that in the armchair orientation regardless of the molecular adsorption cases. Moreover, the difference of currents for TMA-decorated BPN sensors changed more remarkably before and after the adsorption of H2S and SO2 in the zigzag direction. This work offers insights into the design of gas-sensitive devices through the adsorption of small molecules on the TMA-decorated BPN monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Tong Chen
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Kangwei Cen
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Luzhen Xie
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xiansheng Dong
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Xianbo Xiao
- School of Computer Science, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, P. R. China
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11
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Wang D, Chen J, Wang Y, Hao X, Peng H, Liao Y, Zhou X, Smalyukh II, Xie X. Photoswitching in a Liquid Crystalline Pt(II) Coordination Complex. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304366. [PMID: 38296805 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Photoswitching of photoluminescence has sparked tremendous research interests for super-resolution imaging, high-security-level anti-counterfeiting, and other high-tech applications. However, the excitation of photoluminescence is usually ready to trigger the photoswitching process, making the photoluminescence readout unreliable. Herein, we report a new photoswitch by the marriage of spiropyran with platinum(II) coordination complex. Viable photoluminescence can be achieved upon excitation by 480 nm visible light while the photoswitching can be easily triggered by 365 nm UV light. The feasible photoswitching may be benefited from the formed liquid crystalline (LC) phase of the designed photoswitch as a crystalline spiropyran is normally unable to implement photoswitching. Compared to the counterparts, this LC photoswitch can show distinct and reliable apparent colors and emission colors before and after photoswitching, which may promise the utility in high-security-level anti-counterfeiting and other advanced information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xingtian Hao
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Haiyan Peng
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yonggui Liao
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xingping Zhou
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics and Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, 80309, United States
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
- National Anti-counterfeit Engineering Research Center, HUST, Wuhan, 430074, China
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12
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Long X, Xu W, Duan T, Lin L, Guo Y, Yan X, Cao J, Hu Y. Tuning charge transport by manipulating concentration dependent single-molecule absorption configurations. iScience 2024; 27:109292. [PMID: 38439976 PMCID: PMC10910293 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding and tuning charge transport in molecular junctions is pivotal for crafting molecular devices with tailored functionalities. Here, we report a novel approach to manipulate the absorption configuration within a 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-BPY) molecular junction, utilizing the scanning tunneling microscope break junction technique in a concentration-dependent manner. Single-molecule conductance measurements demonstrate that the molecular junctions exhibit a significant concentration dependence, with a transition from high conductance (HC) to low conductance (LC) states as the concentration decreases. Moreover, we identified an additional conductance state in the molecular junctions besides already known HC and LC states. Flicker noise analysis and theoretical calculations provided valuable insights into the underlying charge transport mechanisms and single-molecule absorption configurations concerning varying concentrations. These findings contribute to a fundamental comprehension of charge transport in concentration-dependent molecular junctions. Furthermore, they offer promising prospects for controlling single-molecule adsorption configurations, thereby paving the way for future molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Long
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Wangping Xu
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Tingting Duan
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Liyan Lin
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Yandong Guo
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohong Yan
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Juexian Cao
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Hunan Institute of Advanced Sensing and Information Technology, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
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13
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Iv M, Rahav S, Peskin U. Emergence of Boltzmann Subspaces in Open Quantum Systems Far from Equilibrium. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:110401. [PMID: 38563930 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Single molecule junctions are important examples of complex out-of-equilibrium many-body quantum systems. We identify a nontrivial clustering of steady state populations into distinctive subspaces with Boltzmann-like statistics, which persist far from equilibrium. Such Boltzmann subspaces significantly reduce the information needed to describe the steady state, enabling modeling of high-dimensional systems that are otherwise beyond the reach of current computations. The emergence of Boltzmann subspaces is demonstrated analytically and numerically for fermionic transport systems of increasing complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Iv
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Saar Rahav
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Uri Peskin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- The Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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14
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Bâldea I, Chen Y, Zhang M, Xin N, Feng Y, Feng J, Jia C, Guo X, Xie Z. Breakdown of Ohm's Law in Molecular Junctions with Electrodes of Single-Layer Graphene. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:3267-3275. [PMID: 38489078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
For sufficiently low biases, Ohm's law, the cornerstone of electricity, stating that current I and voltage V are proportional, is satisfied at low biases for all known systems ranging from macroscopic conductors to nanojunctions. In this study, we predict theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that in single-molecule junctions fabricated with single-layer graphene as electrodes the current at low V scales as the cube of V, thereby invalidating Ohm's law. The absence of the ohmic regime is a direct consequence of the unique band structure of the single-layer graphene, whose vanishing density of states at the Dirac points precludes electron transfer from and to the electrodes at low biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Bâldea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MATEC, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MATEC, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Na Xin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yunxia Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MATEC, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MATEC, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zuoti Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, MATEC, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
- Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Guangdong), Shenzhen-Hong Kong International Science and Technology Park, NO.3 Binglang Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, P. R. China
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15
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Bâldea I. Gaining insight into molecular tunnel junctions with a pocket calculator without I- V data fitting. Five-thirds protocol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8724-8733. [PMID: 38416189 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00217b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The protocol put forward in the present paper is an attempt to meet the experimentalists' legitimate desire of reliably and easily extracting microscopic parameters from current-voltage measurements on molecular junctions. It applies to junctions wherein charge transport dominated by a single level (molecular orbital, MO) occurs via off-resonant tunneling. The recipe is simple. The measured current-voltage curve I = I(V) should be recast as a curve of V5/3/I versus V. This curve exhibits two maxima: one at positive bias (V = Vp+), another at negative bias (V = Vp-). The values Vp+ > 0 and Vp- < 0 at the two peaks of the curve for V5/3/I at positive and negative bias and the corresponding values Ip+ = I(Vp+) > 0 and Ip- = I(Vp-) < 0 of the current is all information needed as input. The arithmetic average of Vp+ and |Vp-| in volt provides the value in electronvolt of the MO energy offset ε0 = EMO - EF relative to the electrode Fermi level (|ε0| = e(Vp+ + |Vp-|)/2). The value of the (Stark) strength of the bias-driven MO shift is obtained as γ = (4/5)(Vp+ - |Vp-|)/(Vp+ + |Vp-|) sign (ε0). Even the low-bias conductance estimate, G = (3/8)(Ip+/Vp+ + Ip-/Vp-), can be a preferable alternative to that deduced from fitting the I-V slope in situations of noisy curves at low bias. To demonstrate the reliability and the generality of this "five-thirds" protocol, I illustrate its wide applicability for molecular tunnel junctions fabricated using metallic and nonmetallic electrodes, molecular species possessing localized σ and delocalized π electrons, and various techniques (mechanically controlled break junctions, STM break junctions, conducting probe AFM junctions, and large area junctions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Bâldea
- Theoretical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Tan M, Sun F, Zhao X, Zhao Z, Zhang S, Xu X, Adijiang A, Zhang W, Wang H, Wang C, Li Z, Scheer E, Xiang D. Conductance Evolution of Photoisomeric Single-Molecule Junctions under Ultraviolet Irradiation and Mechanical Stretching. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6856-6865. [PMID: 38413090 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of carrier transport in photoisomeric molecular junctions is crucial for the rational design and delicate fabrication of single-molecule functional devices. It has been widely recognized that the conductance of azobenzene (a class of photoisomeric molecules) based molecular junctions is mainly determined by photoinduced conformational changes. In this study, it is demonstrated that the most probable conductance of amine-anchored azobenzene-based molecular junctions increases continuously upon UV irradiation. In contrast, the conductance of pyridyl-anchored molecular junctions with an identical azobenzene core exhibits a contrasting trend, highlighting the pivotal role that anchoring groups play, potentially overriding (even reversing) the effects of photoinduced conformational changes. It is further demonstrated that the molecule with cis-conformation cannot be fully mechanically stretched into the trans-conformation, clarifying that it is a great challenge to realize a reversible molecular switch by purely mechanical operation. Additionally, it is revealed that the coupling strength of pyridyl-anchored molecules is dramatically weakened when the UV irradiation time is prolonged, whereas it is not observed for amine-anchored molecules. The mechanisms for these observations are elucidated with the assistance of density functional theory calculations and UV-Vis spectra combined with flicker noise measurements which confirm the photoinduced conformational changes, providing insight into understanding the charge transport in photoisomeric molecular junctions and offering a routine for logical designing synchro opto-mechanical molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tan
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing of Shandong Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250358, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Surong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Adila Adijiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chuankui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing of Shandong Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250358, China
| | - Zongliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing of Shandong Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong 250358, China
| | - Elke Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, Konstanz 78457, Germany
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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17
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Wang M, Zhang GP. Tuning the polarity of charge carriers in N-heterocyclic carbene-based single-molecule junctions via atomic manipulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9051-9059. [PMID: 38441317 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04677j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Tuning the polarity of charge carriers at a single-molecular level is essential for designing complementary logic circuits in the field of molecular electronics. Herein, the transport properties of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-linked single-molecule junctions are investigated using the ab initio quantum transport approach. The results reveal that the hydrogen atoms in NHCs function as a switch for regulating the polarity of charge carriers. Dehydrogenation changes the chemical nature of NHC anchors, thereby rendering holes as the major charge carriers rather than electrons. Essentially, dehydrogenation changes the anchoring group from electron-rich to electron-deficient. The electrons transferred to molecules from the electrodes raise the molecular level closer to the Fermi level, thus resulting in charge carrier polarity conversion. This conversion is influenced by the position and number of hydrogen atoms in the NHC anchors. To efficiently and decisively alter charge carrier polarity via atomic manipulation, a methyl substitution approach is developed and verified. These results confirm that atomic manipulation is a significant method for modulating the polarity of charge carriers in NHC-based single-molecule devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Guang-Ping Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing & Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
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18
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Zhou J, Yang S, Zhang Y, Ren JC, Liu W. Effective Descriptor for Screening Single-Molecule Conductance Switches. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6962-6973. [PMID: 38426449 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The adsorption-type molecular switch exhibits bistable states with an equivalently long lifetime at the organic/inorganic interface, promising reliable switching behavior and superior assembly ability in the electronic circuits at the molecular scale. However, the number of reported adsorption-type molecular switches is currently less than 10, and exploring these molecular switches poses a formidable challenge due to the intricate interplay occurring at the interface. To address this challenge, we have developed a model enabling the identification of diverse molecular switches on metal surfaces based on easily accessible physical characteristics. These characteristics primarily include the metal valency electron concentration, the work function of metal surfaces, and the electronegativity difference of molecules. Using this model, we identified 56 new molecular switches. Employing the gradient descent algorithm and statistical linear discriminant analysis, we constructed an explicit descriptor that establishes a relationship between the interfacial structure and chemical environment and the stability of molecular switches. The model's accuracy was validated through density functional theory calculations, achieving a 90% accuracy for aromatic molecular switches. The conductive switching behaviors were further confirmed by nonequilibrium Green's function transport calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Zhou
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sha Yang
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ji-Chang Ren
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Nano and Heterogeneous Materials Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, Jilin, China
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19
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Bâldea I. Dichotomy between Level Broadening and Level Coupling to Electrodes in Large Area EGaIn Molecular Junctions. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2916-2921. [PMID: 38451082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Choosing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of fluorine-terminated oligophenylenes adsorbed on gold as an illustration, we show that a single-level [molecular orbital (MO)] model can excellently reproduce full I-V curves measured for large area junctions fabricated with a top EGaIn contact. In addition, this model unravels a surprising dichotomy between MO coupling to electrodes and MO broadening. Importantly for the coherence of the microscopic description, the latter is found to correlate with the SAM coverage and molecular and π* orbital tilt angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Bâldea
- Theoretical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Zhou W, Luo C, Chao Y, Xiong S, Long M, Chen T. First-principles study on the electronic properties of biphenylene, net-graphene, graphene+, and T-graphene based nanoribbons. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8067-8074. [PMID: 38454942 PMCID: PMC10918769 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the successful separation of graphene, carbon materials with the excellent physical and chemical properties have attracted the interest of a large number of researchers. In this paper, density functional theory combined with non-equilibrium Green's function is used to systematically study the electronic structures of two-dimensional biphenylene, net-graphene, graphene+ and T-graphene, and to reveal the electron transport properties of net-graphene nanodevices under asymmetric regulation. The results show that biphenylene, net-graphene, graphene+, and T-graphene all show metallic properties, in which biphenylene and net-graphene show anisotropy, while graphene+ and T-graphene show isotropy. In addition, for the one-dimensional new carbon based nanoribbons, except for the armchair-edged net-graphene and biphenylene nanoribbons, which exhibit semiconductor properties and a band gap value of 0.08 eV, the rest of the carbon nanoribbons display metal properties. Interestingly, two of them showed a tendency to oscillate and decrease the band gap value with increasing width, while BPN-2 biphenylene nanoribbons directly changed from exhibiting semiconductor to metallic properties with increasing width combination with no oscillation. The electronic transport properties of net-graphene nanoribbons based nanodevice models for electrons transform along zigzag and armchair directions are systematically studied. An obvious negative differential resistance characteristic along the armchair and zigzag directions can be found. Overall, these interesting results show that these new net-graphene nanodevices have good practical application prospects in future electronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhou
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Yun Chao
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Songbo Xiong
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Menegqiu Long
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Micro-structure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Tong Chen
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
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21
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Yang C, Chen Z, Yu C, Cao J, Ke G, Zhu W, Liang W, Huang J, Cai W, Saha C, Sabuj MA, Rai N, Li X, Yang J, Li Y, Huang F, Guo X. Regulation of quantum spin conversions in a single molecular radical. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01632-2. [PMID: 38448520 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01632-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Free radicals, generally formed through the cleavage of covalent electron-pair bonds, play an important role in diverse fields ranging from synthetic chemistry to spintronics and nonlinear optics. However, the characterization and regulation of the radical state at a single-molecule level face formidable challenges. Here we present the detection and sophisticated tuning of the open-shell character of individual diradicals with a donor-acceptor structure via a sensitive single-molecule electrical approach. The radical is sandwiched between nanogapped graphene electrodes via covalent amide bonds to construct stable graphene-molecule-graphene single-molecule junctions. We measure the electrical conductance as a function of temperature and track the evolution of the closed-shell and open-shell electronic structures in real time, the open-shell triplet state being stabilized with increasing temperature. Furthermore, we tune the spin states by external stimuli, such as electrical and magnetic fields, and extract thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the transition between closed-shell and open-shell states. Our findings provide insights into the evolution of single-molecule radicals under external stimuli, which may proof instrumental for the development of functional quantum spin-based molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyao Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxin Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Cuiju Yu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Cao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guojun Ke
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weiya Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Liang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxing Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Cai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chinmoy Saha
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Md Abdus Sabuj
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Neeraj Rai
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Xingxing Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Centre, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Centre of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.
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22
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Bâldea I. Can tunneling current in molecular junctions be so strongly temperature dependent to challenge a hopping mechanism? Analytical formulas answer this question and provide important insight into large area junctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6540-6556. [PMID: 38328878 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05046g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Analytical equations like Richardson-Dushman's or Shockley's provided a general, if simplified conceptual background, which was widely accepted in conventional electronics and made a fundamental contribution to advances in the field. In the attempt to develop a (highly desirable, but so far missing) counterpart for molecular electronics, in this work, we deduce a general analytical formula for the tunneling current through molecular junctions mediated by a single level that is valid for any bias voltage and temperature. Starting from this expression, which is exact and obviates cumbersome numerical integration, in the low and high temperature limits we also provide analytical formulas expressing the current in terms of elementary functions. They are accurate for broad model parameter ranges relevant for real molecular junctions. Within this theoretical framework we show that: (i) by varying the temperature, the tunneling current can vary by several orders of magnitude, thus debunking the myth that a strong temperature dependence of the current is evidence for a hopping mechanism, (ii) real molecular junctions can undergo a gradual (Sommerfeld-Arrhenius) transition from a weakly temperature dependent to a strongly ("exponential") temperature dependent current that can be tuned by the applied bias, and (iii) important insight into large area molecular junctions with eutectic gallium indium alloy (EGaIn) top electrodes can be gained. E.g., merely based on transport data, we estimate that the current carrying molecules represent only a fraction of f ≈ 4 × 10-4 out of the total number of molecules in a large area Au-S-(CH2)13-CH3/EGaIn junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan Bâldea
- Theoretical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Lvov AG, Klimenko LS, Bykov VN, Hecht S. Revisiting Peri-Aryloxyquinones: From a Forgotten Photochromic System to a Promising Tool for Emerging Applications. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303654. [PMID: 38085655 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Emerging applications of photochromic compounds demand new molecular designs that can be inspired by some long-known yet currently forgotten classes of photoswitches. In the present review, we remind the community about Peri-AryloxyQuinones (PAQs) and their unique photoswitching behavior originally discovered more than 50 years ago. At the heart of this phenomenon is the light-induced migration of an aromatic moiety (arylotropy) in peri-aryloxy-substituted quinones resulting in ana-quinones. PAQs feature absorbance of both isomers in the visible spectral region, photochromism in the amorphous and crystalline state, and thermal stability of the photogenerated ana-isomer. Particularly noticeable is the high sensitivity of the ana-isomer towards nucleophiles in solution. In addition to the mechanism of molecular photochromism and the underlaying structure-switch relationships, we analyze potential applications and prospects of aryloxyquinones in optically switchable materials and devices. Due to their ability to efficiently photoswitch in the solid state, PAQs are indeed attractive candidates for such materials and devices, including electronics (optically controllable circuits, switches, transistors, memories, and displays), porous crystalline materials, crystalline actuators, photoactivated sensors, and many more. This review is intended to serve as a guide for researchers who wish to use photoswitchable PAQs in the development of new photocontrollable materials, devices, and processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey G Lvov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky, St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
| | - Lyubov S Klimenko
- Yugra State University, 16 Chekhov St., Khanty-Mansiysk, 628012, Russia
| | - Vasily N Bykov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky, St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
- Irkutsk National Research Technical University 83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russia
| | - Stefan Hecht
- Department of Chemistry & Center for the Science of Materials Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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24
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Hong P, Liu J, Qin KX, Tian R, Peng LY, Su YS, Gan Z, Yu XX, Ye L, Zhu MQ, Li C. Towards Optical Information Recording: A Robust Visible-Light-Driven Molecular Photoswitch with the Ring-Closure Reaction Yield Exceeding 96.3 . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316706. [PMID: 38126129 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Diarylethene molecular photoswitches hold great fascination as optical information materials due to their unique bistability and exceptional reversible photoswitching properties. Conventional diarylethenes, however, rely on UV light for ring-closure reactions, typically with modest yields. For practical application, diarylethenes driven by visible lights are preferred but achieving high ring-closure reaction yield remains a significant challenge. Herein, we synthesized a novel all-visible-light-driven photoswitch, TPAP-DTE, by facilely endcapping the dithienylethene (DTE) core with triphenylamine phenyl (TPAP) groups. Owing to the electron-donating conjugation effect of TPAP, the open-form TPAP-DTE responds strongly to short-wavelength visible lights with considerable photocyclization quantum yields and molar absorption coefficient. Upon 405 nm visible-light irradiation, TPAP-DTE achieves a ring-closure reaction yield exceeding 96.3 % (confirmed by both nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography). Its ring-opening reaction yield is 100 % upon irradiation with long-wavelength visible light. TPAP-DTE could be regarded as a bidirectional "quasi"-quantitative conversion molecular switch. Furthermore, TPAP-DTE exhibits robust fatigue resistance over 100 full photoswitching cycles and great anti-aging property under 85 °C and 85 % humidity for at least 1000 h. Consequently, its rewritable QR-code, multilevel data storage, and anti-counterfeiting/encryption applications are successfully demonstrated exclusively using visible lights, positioning TPAP-DTE as a highly promising medium for information recording.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Hong
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Kai-Xuan Qin
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ling-Yan Peng
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yun-Shu Su
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Zongsong Gan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Yu
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lei Ye
- School of Integrated Circuits, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ming-Qiang Zhu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chong Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
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25
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Liu B, Demir B, Gultakti CA, Marrs J, Gong Y, Li R, Oren EE, Hihath J. Self-Aligning Nanojunctions for Integrated Single-Molecule Circuits. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4972-4980. [PMID: 38214957 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Robust, high-yield integration of nanoscale components such as graphene nanoribbons, nanoparticles, or single-molecules with conventional electronic circuits has proven to be challenging. This difficulty arises because the contacts to these nanoscale devices must be precisely fabricated with angstrom-level resolution to make reliable connections, and at manufacturing scales this cannot be achieved with even the highest-resolution lithographic tools. Here we introduce an approach that circumvents this issue by precisely creating nanometer-scale gaps between metallic carbon electrodes by using a self-aligning, solution-phase process, which allows facile integration with conventional electronic systems with yields approaching 50%. The electrode separation is controlled by covalently binding metallic single-walled carbon nanotube (mCNT) electrodes to individual DNA duplexes to create mCNT-DNA-mCNT nanojunctions, where the gap is precisely matched to the DNA length. These junctions are then integrated with top-down lithographic techniques to create single-molecule circuits that have electronic properties dominated by the DNA in the junction, have reproducible conductance values with low dispersion, and are stable and robust enough to be utilized as active, high-specificity electronic biosensors for dynamic single-molecule detection of specific oligonucleotides, such as those related to the SARS-CoV-2 genome. This scalable approach for high-yield integration of nanometer-scale devices will enable opportunities for manufacturing of hybrid electronic systems for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Busra Demir
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Tureky
| | - Caglanaz Akin Gultakti
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Tureky
| | - Jonathan Marrs
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Yichen Gong
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ruihao Li
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Ersin Emre Oren
- Bionanodesign Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Turkey
- Department of Materials Science and Nanotechnology Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara 06560, Tureky
| | - Joshua Hihath
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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Chen LC, Shi J, Lu ZX, Lin RJ, Lu TG, Zou YL, Liang QM, Huang R, Shi J, Xiao ZY, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yang Y, Hong W. Highly Reversible Molecular Photoswitches with Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Electrodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305607. [PMID: 37817357 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The molecule-electrode coupling plays an essential role in photoresponsive devices with photochromic molecules, and the strong coupling between the molecule and the conventional electrodes leads to/ the quenching effect and limits the reversibility of molecular photoswitches. In this work, we developed a strategy of using transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) electrodes to fabricate the thiol azobenzene (TAB) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) junctions with the eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) technique. The current-voltage characteristics of the EGaIn/GaOx //TAB/TMDCs photoswitches showed an almost 100% reversible photoswitching behavior, which increased by ∼28% compared to EGaIn/GaOx //TAB/AuTS photoswitches. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations showed the coupling strength of the TAB-TMDCs electrode decreased by 42% compared to that of the TAB-AuTS electrode, giving rise to improved reversibility. our work demonstrated the feasibility of 2D TMDCs for fabricating SAMs-based photoswitches with unprecedentedly high reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhi-Xing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rong-Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Tai-Ge Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu-Ling Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qing-Man Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ruiyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zong-Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yanxi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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27
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Wu Y, Ping X, Yao C, Wu P, Han Z, Peng X, Zhan J, Feng H, Qian Z. Photoinduced fluorescence modulation through controllable intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition in single molecules and molecular aggregates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1301-1304. [PMID: 38197137 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05846h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We report a general molecular design strategy of spatial proximity, which allows intramolecular [2+2] photocycloaddition reaction to take place in both single molecules and molecular aggregates. Sharply contrasting photoinduced fluorescence changes in solution and in the solid state were found and attributed to the aggregation-induced quenching property of the monomers and the aggregation-induced emission nature of the photodimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Xinni Ping
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Chuangye Yao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Penglei Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Zhengdong Han
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Xin Peng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Jiale Zhan
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Hui Feng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
| | - Zhaosheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.
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28
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Chen L, Yang Z, Lin Q, Li X, Bai J, Hong W. Evolution of Single-Molecule Electronic Interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1988-2004. [PMID: 38227964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Single-molecule electronics can fabricate single-molecule devices via the construction of molecule-electrode interfaces and also provide a unique tool to investigate single-molecule scale physicochemical processes at these interfaces. To investigate single-molecule electronic devices with desired functionalities, an understanding of the interface evolution processes in single-molecule devices is essential. In this review, we focus on the evolution of molecule-electrode interface properties, including the background of interface evolution in single-molecule electronics, the construction of different types of single-molecule interfaces, and the regulation methods. Finally, we discuss the perspective of future characterization techniques and applications for single-molecule electronic interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Zixian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Qichao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & College of Materials & IKKEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
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29
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Mei T, Liu W, Xu G, Chen Y, Wu M, Wang L, Xiao K. Ionic Transistors. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38285731 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Biological voltage-gated ion channels, which behave as life's transistors, regulate ion transport precisely and selectively through atomic-scale selectivity filters to sustain important life activities. By this inspiration, voltage-adaptable ionic transistors that use ions as signal carriers may provide an alternative information processing unit beyond solid-state electronic devices. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the first generation of biomimetic ionic transistors, including their operating mechanisms, device architecture development, and property characterizations. Despite its infancy, significant progress has been made in the applications of ionic transistors in fields such as DNA detection, drug delivery, and ionic circuits. Challenges and prospects of full exploitation of ionic transistors for a broad spectrum of practical applications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Mei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Guoheng Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Yuanxia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Li Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Innovative Materials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P.R. China
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Amamizu N, Nishida M, Sasaki K, Kishi R, Kitagawa Y. Theoretical Study on the Open-Shell Electronic Structure and Electron Conductivity of [18]Annulene as a Molecular Parallel Circuit Model. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:98. [PMID: 38202553 PMCID: PMC10781064 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Herein, the electron conductivities of [18]annulene and its derivatives are theoretically examined as a molecular parallel circuit model consisting of two linear polyenes. Their electron conductivities are estimated by elastic scattering Green's function (ESGF) theory and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The calculated conductivity of the [18]annulene does not follow the classical conductivity, i.e., Ohm's law, suggesting the importance of a quantum interference effect in single molecules. By introducing electron-withdrawing groups into the annulene framework, on the other hand, a spin-polarized electronic structure appears, and the quantum interference effect is significantly suppressed. In addition, the total current is affected by the spin polarization because of the asymmetry in the coupling constant between the molecule and electrodes. From these results, it is suggested that the electron conductivity as well as the quantum interference effect of π-conjugated molecular systems can be designed using their open-shell nature, which is chemically controlled by the substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoka Amamizu
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (K.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Mitsuhiro Nishida
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (K.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Keisuke Sasaki
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (K.S.); (R.K.)
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (K.S.); (R.K.)
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), International Advanced Research Institute (IARI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry (RCSEC), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kitagawa
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan; (M.N.); (K.S.); (R.K.)
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology (QIQB), International Advanced Research Institute (IARI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry (RCSEC), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (SRN-OTRI), Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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31
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Li Y, Shan X, Li S, Wang J, Li Z, Wang Z, Li X, Hong W, Li M, Ma Y. Nanoarchitectonics on Electrosynthesis and Assembly of Conjugated Metallopolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311778. [PMID: 37933712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to edge-on and face-on orientations, end-on uniaxial conjugated polymers have the theoretical possibility of providing a macroscopic crystalline film. However, their fabrication is insurmountable due to sluggishly thermodynamic equilibrium states. Herein, we report the programmatic pathway to fabricate nanoarchitectonics on end-on uniaxial conjugated metallopolymers by surface-initiated simultaneous electrosynthesis and assembly. Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with bottom-up oriented electroactive molecules as a temple allows orientation, stacking, and reactive addition of monomers triggered by switching alternative redox reactions as well as crystallization of small molecules. Repeating the same reaction can repair the unreactive site on the SAM and dynamically and statistically ensure maximum iterative coverage with ideal linear coefficients between optical or electrical responses and iterative times. The resulting nanoarchitectonics on uniaxially assembled end-on polymers over centimeter-sized areas have a subnanometer-uniform morphology and exhibit ultrahigh modulus as well as an inorganic indium tin oxides and the highest conductance among conjugated molecular monolayers. Their memristive devices provide quantitative electrical and optical responses as a function of molecular length, bias, and iterative junctions. Precise processing of nanoarchitectonics as an electrically assisted assembly or printing technique can present sophisticated optoelectric functions and dimensional batch-to-batch consistency for micro-sized organic materials and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xuanyu Shan
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Shumu Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Mass Spectrum Center, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhikai Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhongqiang Wang
- Centre for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Taherinia D, Frisbie CD. Deciphering I-V characteristics in molecular electronics with the benefit of an analytical model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32305-32316. [PMID: 37991400 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03877g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
We share our perspective that a simple analytical model for electron tunneling in molecular junctions can greatly aid quantitative analysis of experimental data in molecular electronics. In particular, the single-level model (SLM), derived from first principles, provides a precise prediction for the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in terms of key electronic structure parameters, which in turn depend on the molecular and contact architecture. SLM analysis thus facilitates understanding of structure-property relationships and provides metrics that can be compared across different types of tunnel junctions, as we illustrate with several examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Taherinia
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 11155-9516, Iran
| | - C Daniel Frisbie
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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33
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Sullivan RP, Morningstar JT, Castellanos-Trejo E, Welker ME, Jurchescu OD. The Stark Effect: A Tool for the Design of High-Performance Molecular Rectifiers. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37974048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular electronic devices offer a path to the miniaturization of electronic circuits and could potentially facilitate novel functionalities that can be embedded into the molecular structure. Given their nanoscale dimensions, device properties are strongly influenced by quantum effects, yet many of these phenomena have been largely overlooked. We investigated the mechanism responsible for current rectification in molecular diodes and found that efficient rectification is achieved by enhancing the Stark effect strength and enabling a large number of molecules to participate in transport. These findings provided insights into the operation of molecular rectifiers and guided the development of high-performance devices via the design of molecules containing polarizable aromatic rings. Our results are consistent for different molecular structures and are expected to have broad applicability to all molecular devices by answering key questions related to charge transport mechanisms in such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - John T Morningstar
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Eduardo Castellanos-Trejo
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Mark E Welker
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Oana D Jurchescu
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
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34
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Zhang W, Zhao Z, Tan M, Adijiang A, Zhong S, Xu X, Zhao T, Ramya E, Sun L, Zhao X, Fan Z, Xiang D. Regulating the orientation of a single coordinate bond by the synergistic action of mechanical forces and electric field. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11456-11465. [PMID: 37886107 PMCID: PMC10599463 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular binding orientation with respect to the electrode plays a pivotal role in determining the performance of molecular devices. However, accomplishing in situ modulation of single-molecule binding orientation remains a great challenge due to the lack of suitable testing systems and characterization approaches. To this end, by employing a developed STM-BJ technique, we demonstrate that the conductance of pyridine-anchored molecular junctions decreases as the applied voltage increases, which is determined by the repeated formation of thousands of gold-molecule-gold dynamic break junctions. In contrast, the static fixed molecular junctions (the distance between two electrodes is fixed) with identical molecules exhibit a reverse tendency as the bias voltage increases. Supported by flicker noise measurements and theoretical calculations, we provide compelling evidence that the orientation of nitrogen-gold bonds (a universal coordinate bond) in the pyridine-anchored molecular junctions can be manipulated to align with the electric field by the synergistic action of the mechanical stretching force and the electric fields, whereas either stimulus alone cannot achieve the same effect. Our study provides a framework for characterizing and regulating the orientation of a single coordinate bond, offering an approach to control electron transport through single molecular junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Min Tan
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Adila Adijiang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Shurong Zhong
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Tianran Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Emusani Ramya
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Lu Sun
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Changsha University of Science and Technology Changsha 410114 China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary Science Center, Nankai University Tianjin 300350 China
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35
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Chatterjee S, Molla S, Ahmed J, Bandyopadhyay S. Light-driven modulation of electrical conductance with photochromic switches: bridging photochemistry with optoelectronics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12685-12698. [PMID: 37814882 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04269c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Photochromic conducting molecules have emerged because of their unique capacity to modulate electrical conductivity upon exposure to light, toggling between high and low conductive states. This unique amalgamation has unlocked novel avenues for the application of these materials across diverse areas in optoelectronics and smart materials. The fundamental mechanism underpinning this phenomenon is based on the light-driven isomerization of conjugated π-systems which influences the extent of conjugation. The photoisomerization process discussed here involves photochromic switches such as azobenzenes, diarylethenes, spiropyrans, dimethyldihydropyrenes, and norbornadiene. The change in the degree of conjugation alters the charge transport in both single molecules and bulk states in solid samples or solutions. This article discusses a number of recent examples of photochromic conducting systems and the challenges and potentials of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheelbhadra Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Sariful Molla
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Jakir Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
| | - Subhajit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, 741246, India.
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Li Z, Wang R, Li Y, Li Y, Ma C, Yang J, Li H. Reversible electric switching of NDI molecular wires by orthogonal stimuli. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12743-12746. [PMID: 37807872 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03486k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The charge transport of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based molecules is explored. Experimental results show that the conductance of the TH-NDI molecular junction can be reversibly tuned by bias voltage and solvent, while the conductance of the PH-NDI junction is almost independent of the bias voltage and solvent. Based on these orthogonal stimuli, an AND logic gate of TH-NDI junction with an electric signal as the output is constructed. These results will advance the development of functional molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Chaoqi Ma
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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37
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Wu Z, Cui P, Deng M. Rational Design of Photocontrolled Rectifier Switches in Single-Molecule Junctions Based on Diarylethene. Molecules 2023; 28:7158. [PMID: 37894637 PMCID: PMC10609135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of multifunctional, single-molecule nanocircuits to achieve the miniaturization of active electronic devices is a challenging goal in molecular electronics. In this paper, we present an effective strategy for enhancing the multifunctionality and switching performance of diarylethene-based molecular devices, which exhibit photoswitchable rectification properties. Through a molecular engineering design, we systematically investigate a series of electron donor/acceptor-substituted diarylethene molecules to modulate the electronic properties and investigate the transport behaviors of the molecular junctions using the non-equilibrium Green's function combined with the density functional theory. Our results demonstrate that the asymmetric configuration, substituted by both the donor and acceptor on the diarylethene molecule, exhibits the highest switching ratio and rectification ratio. Importantly, this rectification function can be switched on/off through the photoisomerization of the diarylethene unit. These modulations in the transport properties of these molecular junctions with different substituents were obtained with molecule-projected self-consistent Hamiltonian and bias-dependent transmission spectra. Furthermore, the current-voltage characteristics of these molecular junctions can be explained by the molecular energy level structure, showing the significance of energy level regulation. These findings have practical implications for constructing high-performance, multifunctional molecular-integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Wu
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Peng Cui
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Mingsen Deng
- School of Information, Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Guiyang 550025, China; (Z.W.); (P.C.)
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
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38
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Xie Y, Wang CY, Chen N, Cao Z, Wu G, Yin B, Li Y. Supramolecular Memristor Based on Bistable [2]Catenanes: Toward High-Density and Non-Volatile Memory Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309605. [PMID: 37651501 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for data storage and neuromorphic computing calls for innovative, high-density solutions, such as resistive random-access memory (RRAM). However, the integration of resistive switching and rectification at the nanoscale remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we introduce a bistable [2]catenane-based supramolecular junction that simultaneously functions as a resistive switch and a diode. All supramolecular junctions are highly stable and reproducible over thousands of resistive switching cycles, because the nano-confinement of two mechanically interlocked rings can stabilize the radical states of pyridinium moieties under ambient conditions. The successful realization of supramolecular junctions in functionality with a thickness of approximately 2 nm presents a promising avenue for the development of molecule-scale based RRAM for a better solution to high density and energy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xie
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cai-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ningyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhou Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guangcheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Bangchen Yin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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39
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Li N, Sheng H, Sun Y, Wang J. Spectroscopic study on size-dependent optoelectronics of N-type ultra-high conductive polymer PBFDO. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 298:122744. [PMID: 37116369 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule plasmas are widely used in spectroscopic studies and plasma devices, and the organic conjugated molecular chain of poly (benzodifurandione) (PBFDO) has excellent electrical conductivity and unique electronic structure. Therefore, an in-depth theoretical study of the spectroscopic, charge transfer and electron transport properties of PBFDO polymers and the analysis of physical mechanisms are essential. In this work, the absorption spectra of neutral and charged PBFDO polymers of different sizes and periodic systems of PBFDO polymers are studied theoretically. The charge transfer modes of the different absorption peaks are also given. The Raman and resonance Raman properties of long-chain PBFDO polymers under 514 nm laser were revealed. The electron transport properties and Current-Voltage Characteristic (I-V) Curves of PBFDO devices were also investigated. This work will provide the necessary theoretical guidance for the application of PBFDO in the field of nanoscale optoelectronics and the design of devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Functional Materials, College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, PR China
| | - Hao Sheng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Functional Materials, College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, PR China.
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute of Clean Energy Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry of Advanced Materials of Liaoning Province, College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.
| | - Jingang Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Functional Materials, College of Science, Liaoning Petrochemical University, Fushun 113001, PR China
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40
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Kong N, He J, Yang W. Formation of Molecular Junctions by Single-Entity Collision Electrochemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8513-8524. [PMID: 37722010 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Controlling and understanding the chemistry of molecular junctions is one of the major themes in various fields ranging from chemistry and nanotechnology to biotechnology and biology. Stochastic single-entity collision electrochemistry (SECE) provides powerful tools to study a single entity, such as single cells, single particles, and even single molecules, in a nanoconfined space. Molecular junctions formed by SECE collision show various potential applications in monitoring molecular dynamics with high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution and in feasible combination with hybrid techniques. This Perspective highlights the new breakthroughs, seminal studies, and trends in the area that have been most recently reported. In addition, future challenges for the study of molecular junction dynamics with SECE are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Kong
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Wenrong Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Centre for Sustainable Bioproducts, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia
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41
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Yang Z, Cazade PA, Lin JL, Cao Z, Chen N, Zhang D, Duan L, Nijhuis CA, Thompson D, Li Y. High performance mechano-optoelectronic molecular switch. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5639. [PMID: 37704605 PMCID: PMC10499996 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly-efficient molecular photoswitching occurs ex-situ but not to-date inside electronic devices due to quenching of excited states by background interactions. Here we achieve fully reversible in-situ mechano-optoelectronic switching in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of tetraphenylethylene molecules by bending their supporting electrodes to maximize aggregation-induced emission (AIE). We obtain stable, reversible switching across >1600 on/off cycles with large on/off ratio of (3.8 ± 0.1) × 103 and 140 ± 10 ms switching time which is 10-100× faster than other approaches. Multimodal characterization shows mechanically-controlled emission with UV-light enhancing the Coulomb interaction between the electrons and holes resulting in giant enhancement of molecular conductance. The best mechano-optoelectronic switching occurs in the most concave architecture that reduces ambient single-molecule conformational entropy creating artificially-tightened supramolecular assemblies. The performance can be further improved to achieve ultra-high switching ratio on the order of 105 using tetraphenylethylene derivatives with more AIE-active sites. Our results promise new applications from optimized interplay between mechanical force and optics in soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Pierre-André Cazade
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Jin-Liang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhou Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Ningyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Molecules and Materials MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Molecules Center and Center for Brain-Inspired NanoSystems Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China.
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42
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Dumont R, Dowdell J, Song J, Li J, Wang S, Kang W, Li B. Control of charge transport in electronically active systems towards integrated biomolecular circuits (IbC). J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8302-8314. [PMID: 37464922 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00701d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of traditional silicon-based electronics will soon reach its limitation as quantum tunneling and heat become serious problems at the several-nanometer scale. Crafting integrated circuits via self-assembly of electronically active molecules using a "bottom-up" paradigm provides a potential solution to these technological challenges. In particular, integrated biomolecular circuits (IbC) offer promising advantages to achieve this goal, as nature offers countless examples of functionalities entailed by self-assembly and examples of controlling charge transport at the molecular level within the self-assembled structures. To this end, the review summarizes the progress in understanding how charge transport is regulated in biosystems and the key redox-active amino acids that enable the charge transport. In addition, charge transport mechanisms at different length scales are also reviewed, offering key insights for controlling charge transport in IbC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Dumont
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Juwaan Dowdell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Jisoo Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
| | - Jiani Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Suwan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
| | - Wei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Centre for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China.
- Ningbo Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, USA.
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43
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Xu W, Wang D, Guo Q, Zhu S, Zhang L, Wang T, Moloney MG, Du W. Robust Sub-5 Nanometer bis(Diarylcarbene)-Based Thin Film for Molecular Electronics and Plasmonics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303057. [PMID: 37266891 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In miniaturized electronic and optoelectronic circuits, molecular tunnel junctions have attracted enormous research interest due to their small footprint, low power consumption, and rich molecular functions. However, the most popular building blocks used in contemporary molecular tunnel junctions are thiol molecules, which attach to electrode surfaces via a metal-thiolate (MS) bond, showing low stability and usually quick degradation within several days. To pave the way for more widely applicable and stable molecular tunnel junctions, there is a need to develop new molecular anchoring groups. Here, this work demonstrates robust and air-stable molecular tunnel junctions with a sub-5 nanometer bis(diarylcarbene)-based thin film as the tunneling barrier, which anchors to the electrode surface via a AuC bond. The bis(diarylcarbene)-based molecular tunnel junctions exhibit high thermal stability against heating up to 200 °C and long storage lifetime over 5 months in an ambient environment. Both electrical and optical performance of these bis(diarylcarbene)-based molecular junctions are characterized systematically, showing similar behaviors to thiol-based junctions as well as largely improved emission stability. This research highlights the excellent performance of bis(diarylcarbene)-based molecular tunnel junctions, which could be useful for applications in molecular electronics and plasmonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Xu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Building A, 388 Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shu Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mark G Moloney
- Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Building A, 388 Ruo Shui Road, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Wei Du
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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Zhou P, Fu Y, Wang M, Qiu R, Wang Y, Stoddart JF, Wang Y, Chen H. Robust Single-Supermolecule Switches Operating in Response to Two Different Noncovalent Interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18800-18811. [PMID: 37590178 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular electronics provide an opportunity to introduce molecular assemblies into electronic devices through a combination of noncovalent interactions such as [π···π] and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The fidelity and dynamics of noncovalent interactions hold considerable promise when it comes to building devices with controllable and reproducible switching functions. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for building electronically robust switches by harnessing two different noncovalent interactions between a couple of pyridine derivatives. The single-supermolecule switch is turned ON when compressing the junction enabling [π···π] interactions to dominate the transport, while the switch is turned OFF by stretching the junction to form hydrogen-bonded dimers, leading to a dramatic decrease in conductance. The robustness and reproducibility of these single-supermolecule switches were achieved by modulating the junction with Ångström precision at frequencies of up to 190 Hz while obtaining high ON/OFF ratios of ∼600. The research presented herein opens up an avenue for designing robust bistable mechanoresponsive devices which will find applications in the building of integrated circuits for microelectromechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Yanjun Fu
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Renhui Qiu
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Yuping Wang
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
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45
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Sun F, Liu L, Zheng CF, Li YC, Yan Y, Fu XX, Wang CK, Liu R, Xu B, Li ZL. Decoding the mechanical conductance switching behaviors of dipyridyl molecular junctions. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12586-12597. [PMID: 37461829 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00505d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Dipyridyl molecular junctions often show intriguing conductance switching behaviors with mechanical modulations, but the mechanisms are still not completely revealed. By applying the ab initio-based adiabatic simulation method, the configuration evolution and electron transport properties of dipyridyl molecular junctions in stretching and compressing processes are systematically investigated. The numerical results reveal that the dipyridyl molecular junctions tend to form specific contact configurations during formation processes. In small electrode gaps, the pyridyls almost vertically adsorb on the second Au layers of the tip electrodes by pushing the top Au atoms aside. These specific contact configurations result in stronger molecule-electrode couplings and larger electronic incident cross-sectional areas, which consequently lead to large breaking forces and high conductance. On further elongating the molecular junctions, the pyridyls shift to the top Au atoms of the tip electrodes. The additional scattering of the top Au atoms dramatically decreases the conductance and switches the molecular junctions to the lower conductive states. Perfect cyclical conductance switches are obtained as observed in the experiments by repeatedly stretching and compressing the molecular junctions. The O atom in the side-group tends to hinder the pyridyl from adsorbing on the second Au layer and further inhibits the conductance switch of the dipyridyl molecular junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Sun
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Chang-Feng Zheng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Yu-Chen Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Xiao-Xiao Fu
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Chuan-Kui Wang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Ran Liu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
- Biodesign Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Single Molecule Study Laboratory, College of Engineering and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
| | - Zong-Liang Li
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
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46
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Jiang T, Yi L, Liu X, Ivanov AP, Edel JB, Tang L. Fabrication of electron tunneling probes for measuring single-protein conductance. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2579-2599. [PMID: 37420088 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Studying the electrical properties of individual proteins is a prominent research area in the field of bioelectronics. Electron tunnelling or quantum mechanical tunnelling (QMT) probes can act as powerful tools for investigating the electrical properties of proteins. However, current fabrication methods for these probes often have limited reproducibility, unreliable contact or inadequate binding of proteins onto the electrodes, so better solutions are required. Here, we detail a generalizable and straightforward set of instructions for fabricating simple, nanopipette-based, tunnelling probes, suitable for measuring conductance in single proteins. Our QMT probe is based on a high-aspect-ratio dual-channel nanopipette that integrates a pair of gold tunneling electrodes with a gap of less than 5 nm, fabricated via the pyrolytic deposition of carbon followed by the electrochemical deposition of gold. The gold tunneling electrodes can be functionalized using an extensive library of available surface modifications to achieve single-protein-electrode contact. We use a biotinylated thiol modification, in which a biotin-streptavidin-biotin bridge is used to form the single-protein junction. The resulting protein-coupled QMT probes enable the stable electrical measurement of the same single protein in solution for up to several hours. We also describe the analysis method used to interpret time-dependent single-protein conductance measurements, which can provide essential information for understanding electron transport and exploring protein dynamics. The total time required to complete the protocol is ~33 h and it can be carried out by users trained in less than 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Institute of Quantum Sensing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Long Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Institute of Quantum Sensing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aleksandar P Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joshua B Edel
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Science Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Longhua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Institute of Quantum Sensing, Interdisciplinary Centre for Quantum Information, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Lv J, Sun R, Yang Q, Gan P, Yu S, Tan Z. Research on Electric Field-Induced Catalysis Using Single-Molecule Electrical Measurement. Molecules 2023; 28:4968. [PMID: 37446629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of catalysis in controlling chemical reactions is crucial. As an important external stimulus regulatory tool, electric field (EF) catalysis enables further possibilities for chemical reaction regulation. To date, the regulation mechanism of electric fields and electrons on chemical reactions has been modeled. The electric field at the single-molecule electronic scale provides a powerful theoretical weapon to explore the dynamics of individual chemical reactions. The combination of electric fields and single-molecule electronic techniques not only uncovers new principles but also results in the regulation of chemical reactions at the single-molecule scale. This perspective focuses on the recent electric field-catalyzed, single-molecule chemical reactions and assembly, and highlights promising outlooks for future work in single-molecule catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyao Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ruiqin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Pengfei Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhibing Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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Guo S, Li M, Hu H, Xu T, Xi H, Zhu WH. Light-regulating chirality of metallacages featuring dithienylethene switches. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6237-6243. [PMID: 37325154 PMCID: PMC10266469 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00828b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic chiral superstructures are of vital importance for understanding the organization and function of chirality in biological systems. However, achieving high conversion efficiency for photoswitches in nanoconfined architectures remains challenging but fascinating. Herein, we report a series of dynamic chiral photoswitches based on supramolecular metallacages through the coordination-driven self-assembly of dithienylethene (DTE) units and octahedral zinc ions, thereby successfully achieving an ultrahigh photoconversion yield of 91.3% in nanosized cavities with a stepwise isomerization mechanism. Interestingly, the chiral inequality phenomenon is observed in metallacages, resulting from the intrinsic photoresponsive chirality in the closed form of the dithienylethene unit. Upon hierarchical organization, we establish a dynamic chiral system at the supramolecular level, featuring chiral transfer, amplification, induction, and manipulation. This study provides an intriguing idea to simplify and understand chiral science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaomeng Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
| | - Mengqi Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
| | - Honglong Hu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
| | - Ting Xu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
| | - Hancheng Xi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
| | - Wei-Hong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry, Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology 200237 China
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49
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Wang Z, Li Z, Li C, Ji X, Song X, Yu X, Wang L, Hu W. Generic dynamic molecular devices by quantitative non-steady-state proton/water-coupled electron transport kinetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304506120. [PMID: 37279276 PMCID: PMC10268228 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304506120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic molecular devices operating with time- and history-dependent performance raised new challenges for the fundamental study of microscopic non-steady-state charge transport as well as functionalities that are not achievable by steady-state devices. In this study, we reported a generic dynamic mode of molecular devices by addressing the transient redox state of ubiquitous quinone molecules in the junction by proton/water transfer. The diffusion limited slow proton/water transfer-modulated fast electron transport, leading to a non-steady-state transport process, as manifested by the negative differential resistance, dynamic hysteresis, and memory-like behavior. A quantitative paradigm for the study of the non-steady-state charge transport kinetics was further developed by combining the theoretical model and transient state characterization, and the principle of the dynamic device can be revealed by the numerical simulator. On applying pulse stimulation, the dynamic device emulated the neuron synaptic response with frequency-dependent depression and facilitation, implying a great potential for future nonlinear and brain-inspired devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Zheyang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Chengtai Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Xuan Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xianneng Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Lejia Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou350207, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin300192, China
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50
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Tong L, Yu Z, Gao YJ, Li XC, Zheng JF, Shao Y, Wang YH, Zhou XS. Local cation-tuned reversible single-molecule switch in electric double layer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3397. [PMID: 37296181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature of molecule-electrode interface is critical for the integration of atomically precise molecules as functional components into circuits. Herein, we demonstrate that the electric field localized metal cations in outer Helmholtz plane can modulate interfacial Au-carboxyl contacts, realizing a reversible single-molecule switch. STM break junction and I-V measurements show the electrochemical gating of aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids have a conductance ON/OFF behavior in electrolyte solution containing metal cations (i.e., Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+), compared to almost no change in conductance without metal cations. In situ Raman spectra reveal strong molecular carboxyl-metal cation coordination at the negatively charged electrode surface, hindering the formation of molecular junctions for electron tunnelling. This work validates the critical role of localized cations in the electric double layer to regulate electron transport at the single-molecule level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Tong
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Zhou Yu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Yi-Jing Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals, Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Xiao-Chong Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Ju-Fang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, China
| | - Ya-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, China.
| | - Xiao-Shun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Zhejiang Normal University, 321004, Jinhua, China.
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