1
|
Zaytsev V, Kuzin A, Panda K, Chernyshev V, Florya I, Fedorov FS, Kovalyuk V, Golikov A, An PP, Khlebstov BN, Chetyrkina M, Nasibulin AG, Goltsman G, Gorin DA. Convective assembly of silica colloidal particles inside photonic integrated chip-based microfluidic systems for gas sensing applications. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 39257228 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02211d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Optofluidics is a new field of modern science that stands at the interface of microfluidics and photonics and has good prospects for application in gas sensors. Microfluidics offers a promising platform for tuning and assembling monolayer structures that are used as sensitive layers for gas detection. Herein, we evaluate the concept of monolayer formation on a silicon nitride substrate enabling a surface coverage up to 59% through a microfluidic convective assembly and couple it with a photonic integrated chip to probe gas sensing performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Zaytsev
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30 Bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205, Russia.
| | - Aleksei Kuzin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30 Bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205, Russia.
- Laboratory of Photonic Gas Sensors, University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000, Russia
| | - Krupamaya Panda
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30 Bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205, Russia.
| | - Vasiliy Chernyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 117198, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Florya
- Laboratory of Photonic Gas Sensors, University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049, Russia
| | - Fedor S Fedorov
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30 Bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205, Russia.
| | - Vadim Kovalyuk
- Laboratory of Photonic Gas Sensors, University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049, Russia
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000, Russia
| | - Alexander Golikov
- Laboratory of Photonic Gas Sensors, University of Science and Technology MISIS, 119049, Russia
- Department of Physics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119992, Russia
| | - Pavel P An
- Department of Physics, Moscow State Pedagogical University, 119992, Russia
- Quantum Photonic Integrated Circuits Group, Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia
| | - Boris N Khlebstov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov 410049, Russia
- Saratov State University, Saratov 410012, Russia
| | - Margarita Chetyrkina
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30 Bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205, Russia.
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30 Bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205, Russia.
| | - Gregory Goltsman
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000, Russia
- Quantum Photonic Integrated Circuits Group, Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, 143025, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Gorin
- Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30 Bld. 1 Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Roggeveen JV, Stone HA, Kurzthaler C. Transport of a passive scalar in wide channels with surface topography: An asymptotic theory. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 35. [PMID: 37073470 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acc8ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We generalize classical dispersion theory for a passive scalar to derive an asymptotic long-time convection-diffusion equation for a solute suspended in a wide, structured channel and subject to a steady low-Reynolds-number shear flow. Our asymptotic theory relies on a domain perturbation approach for small roughness amplitudes of the channel and holds for general surface shapes expandable as a Fourier series. We determine an anisotropic dispersion tensor, which depends on the characteristic wavelengths and amplitude of the surface structure. For surfaces whose corrugations are tilted with respect to the applied flow direction, we find that dispersion along the principal direction (i.e. the principal eigenvector of the dispersion tensor) is at an angle to the main flow direction and becomes enhanced relative to classical Taylor dispersion. In contrast, dispersion perpendicular to it can decrease compared to the short-time diffusivity of the particles. Furthermore, for an arbitrary surface shape represented in terms of a Fourier decomposition, we find that each Fourier mode contributes at leading order a linearly-independent correction to the classical Taylor dispersion diffusion tensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J V Roggeveen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States of America
| | - H A Stone
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States of America
| | - C Kurzthaler
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States of America
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alexandre A, Lavaud M, Fares N, Millan E, Louyer Y, Salez T, Amarouchene Y, Guérin T, Dean DS. Non-Gaussian Diffusion Near Surfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:077101. [PMID: 36867824 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.077101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the diffusion of particles confined close to a single wall and in double-wall planar channel geometries where the local diffusivities depend on the distance to the boundaries. Displacement parallel to the walls is Brownian as characterized by its variance, but it is non-Gaussian having a nonzero fourth cumulant. Establishing a link with Taylor dispersion, we calculate the fourth cumulant and the tails of the displacement distribution for general diffusivity tensors along with potentials generated by either the walls or externally, for instance, gravity. Experimental and numerical studies of the motion of a colloid in the direction parallel to the wall give measured fourth cumulants which are correctly predicted by our theory. Interestingly, contrary to models of Brownian-yet-non-Gaussian diffusion, the tails of the displacement distribution are shown to be Gaussian rather than exponential. All together, our results provide additional tests and constraints for the inference of force maps and local transport properties near surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Alexandre
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Maxime Lavaud
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Nicolas Fares
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
- Department of Physics, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Millan
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Yann Louyer
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Thomas Salez
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | | | - Thomas Guérin
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - David S Dean
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33400 Talence, France
- Team MONC, INRIA Bordeaux Sud Ouest, CNRS UMR 5251, Bordeaux INP, Université de Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nogueira JA, Batista BC, Cooper MA, Steinbock O. Shape Evolution of Precipitate Membranes in Flow Systems. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1471-1478. [PMID: 36745753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical gardens are macroscopic structures that form when a salt seed is submerged in an alkaline solution. Their thin precipitate membranes separate the reactant partners and slow down the approach toward equilibrium. During this stage, a gradual thickening occurs, which is driven by steep cross-membrane gradients and governed by selective ion transport. We study these growth dynamics in microfluidic channels for the case of Ni(OH)2 membranes. Fast flowing reactant solutions create thickening membranes of a nearly constant width along the channel, whereas slow flows produce wedge-shaped structures that fail to grow along their downstream end. The overall dynamics and shapes are caused by the competition of reactant consumption and transport replenishment. They are reproduced quantitatively by a two-variable reaction-diffusion-advection model which provides kinetic insights into the growth of precipitate membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica A Nogueira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306-4390, United States
| | - Bruno C Batista
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306-4390, United States
| | - Maggie A Cooper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306-4390, United States
| | - Oliver Steinbock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida32306-4390, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vilquin A, Bertin V, Raphaël E, Dean DS, Salez T, McGraw JD. Nanoparticle Taylor Dispersion Near Charged Surfaces with an Open Boundary. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:038201. [PMID: 36763385 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.038201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The dispersive spreading of microscopic particles in shear flows is influenced both by advection and thermal motion. At the nanoscale, interactions between such particles and their confining boundaries become unavoidable. We address the roles of electrostatic repulsion and absorption on the spatial distribution and dispersion of charged nanoparticles in near-surface shear flows, observed under evanescent illumination. The electrostatic repulsion between particles and the lower charged surface is tuned by varying electrolyte concentrations. Particles leaving the field of vision can be neglected from further analysis, such that the experimental ensemble is equivalent to that of Taylor dispersion with absorption. These two ingredients modify the particle distribution, deviating strongly from the Gibbs-Boltzmann form at the nanoscale studied here. The overall effect is to restrain the accessible space available to particles, which leads to a striking, tenfold reduction in the spreading dynamics as compared to the noninteracting case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vilquin
- Gulliver UMR 7083 CNRS, PSL Research University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- IPGG, 6 rue Jean-Calvin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bertin
- Gulliver UMR 7083 CNRS, PSL Research University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
- Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, and Mesa+Institute, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Elie Raphaël
- Gulliver UMR 7083 CNRS, PSL Research University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - David S Dean
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
- Team MONC, INRIA Bordeaux Sud Ouest, CNRS UMR 5251, Bordeaux INP, Univ. Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - Thomas Salez
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LOMA, UMR 5798, F-33405 Talence, France
| | - Joshua D McGraw
- Gulliver UMR 7083 CNRS, PSL Research University, ESPCI Paris, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
- IPGG, 6 rue Jean-Calvin, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Alexandre A, Mangeat M, Guérin T, Dean DS. How Stickiness Can Speed Up Diffusion in Confined Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:210601. [PMID: 35687439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.210601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The paradigmatic model for heterogeneous media used in diffusion studies is built from reflecting obstacles and surfaces. It is well known that the crowding effect produced by these reflecting surfaces slows the dispersion of Brownian tracers. Here, using a general adsorption desorption model with surface diffusion, we show analytically that making surfaces or obstacles attractive can accelerate dispersion. In particular, we show that this enhancement of diffusion can exist even when the surface diffusion constant is smaller than that in the bulk. Even more remarkably, this enhancement effect occurs when the effective diffusion constant, when restricted to surfaces only, is lower than the effective diffusivity with purely reflecting boundaries. We give analytical formulas for this intriguing effect in periodic arrays of spheres as well as undulating microchannels. Our results are confirmed by numerical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Alexandre
- Laboratoire Ondes et matière d'Aquitaine, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - M Mangeat
- Center for Biophysics and Department for Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - T Guérin
- Laboratoire Ondes et matière d'Aquitaine, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| | - D S Dean
- Laboratoire Ondes et matière d'Aquitaine, CNRS/University of Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
- Team MONC, INRIA Bordeaux Sud Ouest, CNRS UMR 5251, Bordeaux INP, University Bordeaux, F-33400 Talence, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shim S. Diffusiophoresis, Diffusioosmosis, and Microfluidics: Surface-Flow-Driven Phenomena in the Presence of Flow. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6986-7009. [PMID: 35285634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diffusiophoresis is the spontaneous motion of particles under a concentration gradient of solutes. Since the first recognition by Derjaguin and colleagues in 1947 in the form of capillary osmosis, the phenomenon has been broadly investigated theoretically and experimentally. Early studies were mostly theoretical and were largely interested in surface coating applications, which considered the directional transport of coating particles. In the past decade, advances in microfluidics enabled controlled demonstrations of diffusiophoresis of micro- and nanoparticles. The electrokinetic nature and the typical scales of interest of the phenomenon motivated various experimental studies using simple microfluidic configurations. In this review, I will discuss studies that report diffusiophoresis in microfluidic systems, with the focus on the fundamental aspects of the reported results. In particular, parameters and influences of diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis in microfluidic systems and their combinations are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suin Shim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sathish S, Shen AQ. Toward the Development of Rapid, Specific, and Sensitive Microfluidic Sensors: A Comprehensive Device Blueprint. JACS AU 2021; 1:1815-1833. [PMID: 34841402 PMCID: PMC8611667 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nano/microfluidics have led to the miniaturization of surface-based chemical and biochemical sensors, with applications ranging from environmental monitoring to disease diagnostics. These systems rely on the detection of analytes flowing in a liquid sample, by exploiting their innate nature to react with specific receptors immobilized on the microchannel walls. The efficiency of these systems is defined by the cumulative effect of analyte detection speed, sensitivity, and specificity. In this perspective, we provide a fresh outlook on the use of important parameters obtained from well-characterized analytical models, by connecting the mass transport and reaction limits with the experimentally attainable limits of analyte detection efficiency. Specifically, we breakdown when and how the operational (e.g., flow rates, channel geometries, mode of detection, etc.) and molecular (e.g., receptor affinity and functionality) variables can be tailored to enhance the analyte detection time, analytical specificity, and sensitivity of the system (i.e., limit of detection). Finally, we present a simple yet cohesive blueprint for the development of high-efficiency surface-based microfluidic sensors for rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of chemical and biochemical analytes, pertinent to a variety of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Sathish
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate
University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li W, Zhang W, Qian F, Huang D, Wang Q, Zhao C. Numerical investigation of the solute dispersion in finite-length microchannels with the interphase transport. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:257-268. [PMID: 33111983 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper utilizes a combined approach of the convection-diffusion theory and the moment analysis to conduct a comprehensive investigation of the solute dispersion under the influence of the interphase transport in finitely long inner coated microchannels. The present work has threefold novel contributions: (1) The 2D solute concentration contours in the stationary phase are calculated for the first time to facilitate the understanding the role of the interphase transport in the solute dispersion in the mobile phase. (2) The skewness of the elution curves is investigated to guide the control of solute band shape at the channel outlet. (3) The 2D diffusion-convection theory and zero-dimensional (0D) moment analysis complement each other to present a characterization of the solute dispersion behaviors more comprehensive than that by either of the two methods alone. Parametric studies are performed to clarify the effects of four major parameters related to the interphase transport (i.e., stationary phase Péclet number, interphase transport rate, partition coefficient, and stationary phase thickness) on the solute dispersion characteristics. The results from this study provide a straightforward understanding of the effects of interphase transport on the solute dispersion in finitely long microchannels and are of potential relevance to the design and operation of the microfluidics-based analytical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Wenyao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Fang Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Deng Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Qiuwang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Cunlu Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Li K, Zhao X, Tekinalp H, Li T, Ozcan S. Toughening by Nanodroplets: Polymer–Droplet Biocomposite with Anomalous Toughness. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Physical Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, ChengDu, SiChuan 610065, China
| | - Kai Li
- Chemical Sciences Division, Physical Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Xianhui Zhao
- Chemical Sciences Division, Physical Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Halil Tekinalp
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Energy and Transportation Science Division, Energy and Environmental Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Soydan Ozcan
- Chemical Sciences Division, Physical Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, Energy and Transportation Science Division, Energy and Environmental Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee, Estabrook Road, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Miles M, Bhattacharjee B, Sridhar N, Fajrial AK, Ball K, Lee YC, Stowell MHB, Old WM, Ding X. Flattening of Diluted Species Profile via Passive Geometry in a Microfluidic Device. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E839. [PMID: 31801276 PMCID: PMC6952922 DOI: 10.3390/mi10120839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, microfluidic devices have become an important tool for use in lab-on-a-chip processes, including drug screening and delivery, bio-chemical reactions, sample preparation and analysis, chemotaxis, and separations. In many such processes, a flat cross-sectional concentration profile with uniform flow velocity across the channel is desired to achieve controlled and precise solute transport. This is often accommodated by the use of electroosmotic flow, however, it is not an ideal for many applications, particularly biomicrofluidics. Meanwhile, pressure-driven systems generally exhibit a parabolic cross-sectional concentration profile through a channel. We draw inspiration from finite element fluid dynamics simulations to design and fabricate a practical solution to achieving a flat solute concentration profile in a two-dimensional (2D) microfluidic channel. The channel possesses geometric features to passively flatten the solute profile before entering the defined region of interest in the microfluidic channel. An obviously flat solute profile across the channel is demonstrated in both simulation and experiment. This technology readily lends itself to many microfluidic applications which require controlled solute transport in pressure driven systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Miles
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
| | - Biddut Bhattacharjee
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (B.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Nakul Sridhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
| | - Apresio Kefin Fajrial
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
| | - Kerri Ball
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (B.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Yung Cheng Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
| | - Michael H. B. Stowell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (B.B.); (K.B.)
| | - William M. Old
- Department Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (B.B.); (K.B.)
| | - Xiaoyun Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0552, USA; (M.M.); (N.S.); (A.K.F.); (Y.C.L.); (M.H.B.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang Y, Yin S, Chong WH, Wong TN, Ooi KT. Precise morphology control and fast merging of a complex multi-emulsion system: the effects of AC electric fields. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5614-5625. [PMID: 31166359 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We showed that an AC electric field can be effectively used to control the full morphology of a multi-emulsion system (oil/water/oil, O/W/O and water/oil/water, W/O/W); specifically, the size of outer droplets and the number of inner droplets (from 5 to 0) could be controlled. In our system, such control was achieved by adopting non-contact type of electrodes together with double-flow-focusing geometry to apply an AC electric field during the formation of complex droplets. As such, the AC electric field could be used without contamination. In addition to morphology control, we also achieved both one-step and two-step merging of the core droplets in the W/O/W droplet system within 100 milliseconds, which is by far the fastest merging in double emulsion droplets ever reported. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first article to report the control of core droplets in an O/W/O system by matching the frequency of the AC electric field with that of the core production rate. In this article, we adopted the electric capillary number CaE to analyze the effectiveness of the AC electric field applied at a high frequency, which offers a guideline for practical applications. Furthermore, the merging phenomena among various droplet systems discovered could add extra dimensions for the manipulation of double emulsions. Our findings reveal new physical insights that bring about a better understanding of the interfacial phenomena and electrohydrodynamics of droplets, which is of great importance for practical applications involving the complex interactions of multiple droplets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang, Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Shuai Yin
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang, Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Wen Han Chong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang, Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Teck Neng Wong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang, Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Kim Tiow Ooi
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang, Avenue, 639798, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bacterial scattering in microfluidic crystal flows reveals giant active Taylor-Aris dispersion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:11119-11124. [PMID: 31097583 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819613116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural habitats of planktonic and swimming microorganisms, from algae in the oceans to bacteria living in soil or intestines, are characterized by highly heterogeneous fluid flows. The complex interplay of flow-field topology, self-propulsion, and porous microstructure is essential to a wide range of biophysical and ecological processes, including marine oxygen production, remineralization of organic matter, and biofilm formation. Although much progress has been made in the understanding of microbial hydrodynamics and surface interactions over the last decade, the dispersion of active suspensions in complex flow environments still poses unsolved fundamental questions that preclude predictive models for microbial transport and spreading under realistic conditions. Here, we combine experiments and simulations to identify the key physical mechanisms and scaling laws governing the dispersal of swimming bacteria in idealized porous media flows. By tracing the scattering dynamics of swimming bacteria in microfluidic crystal lattices, we show that hydrodynamic gradients hinder transverse bacterial dispersion, thereby enhancing stream-wise dispersion [Formula: see text]-fold beyond canonical Taylor-Aris dispersion of passive Brownian particles. Our analysis further reveals that hydrodynamic cell reorientation and Lagrangian flow structure induce filamentous density patterns that depend upon the incident angle of the flow and disorder of the medium, in striking analogy to classical light-scattering experiments.
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Aminian M, Bernardi F, Camassa R, Harris DM, McLaughlin RM. The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29782005 PMCID: PMC6101062 DOI: 10.3791/57205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple method to experimentally observe and measure the dispersion of a passive tracer in a laminar fluid flow is described. The method consists of first injecting fluorescent dye directly into a pipe filled with distilled water and allowing it to diffuse across the cross-section of the pipe to obtain a uniformly distributed initial condition. Following this period, the laminar flow is activated with a programmable syringe pump to observe the competition of advection and diffusion of the tracer through the pipe. Asymmetries in the tracer distribution are studied and correlations between the pipe cross-section and the shape of the distribution is shown: thin channels (aspect ratio << 1) produce tracers arriving with sharp fronts and tapering tails (front-loaded distributions), while thick channels (aspect ratio ~1) present the opposite behavior (back-loaded distributions). The experimental procedure is applied to capillary tubes of various geometries and is particularly relevant to microfluidic applications by dynamical similarity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuchehr Aminian
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University
| | | | - Roberto Camassa
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill;
| | - Daniel M Harris
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill; School of Engineering, Brown University;
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Huang Y, Xiao L, An T, Lim W, Wong T, Sun H. Fast Dynamic Visualizations in Microfluidics Enabled by Fluorescent Carbon Nanodots. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1700869. [PMID: 28696529 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201700869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic systems have become a superior platform for explorations of fascinating fluidic physics at microscale as well as applications in biomedical devices, chemical reactions, drug delivery, etc. Exploitations of this platform are built upon the fundamental techniques of flow visualizations. However, the currently employed fluorescent materials for microfluidic visualization are far from satisfaction, which severely hinders their widespread applications. Here fluorescent carbon nanodots are documented as a game-changer, applicable in versatile fluidic environment for the visualization in microfluidics with unprecedented advantages. One of the fastest fluorescent imaging speeds up to 2500 frames per second under a normal contionous wave (CW) laser line is achieved by adopting carbon nanodots in microfluidics. Besides better visualizations of the fluid or interface, fluorescent carbon nanodots-based microparticles enable quantitative studies of high speed dynamics in fluids at microscale with a more than 90% lower cost, which is inaccessible by traditionally adopted fluorescent dye based seeding particles. The findings hold profound influences to microfluidic investigations and may even lead to revolutionary changes to the relevant industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Huang
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Lian Xiao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Tingting An
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wenxiang Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Teckneng Wong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Handong Sun
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT), School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|