1
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Luo JJ, Pu H, Guan XW. Exact results of the one-dimensional repulsive Hubbard model. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:117601. [PMID: 39284352 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad7b70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
We present analytical results of the fundamental properties of the one-dimensional (1D) Hubbard model with a repulsive interaction. The new model results with arbitrary external fields include: (I) using the exact solutions of the Bethe ansatz equations of the Hubbard model, we first rigorously calculate the gapless spin and charge excitations, exhibiting exotic features of fractionalized spinons and holons. We then investigate the gapped excitations in terms of the spin string and thek-Λstring bound states at arbitrary driving fields, showing subtle differences in spin magnons and chargeη-pair excitations. (II) For a high-density and high spin magnetization region, i.e. near the quadruple critical point, we further analytically obtain the thermodynamic properties, dimensionless ratios and scaling functions near quantum phase transitions. (III) Importantly, we give the general scaling functions at quantum criticality for arbitrary filling and interaction strength. These can directly apply to other integrable models. (IV) Based on the fractional excitations and the scaling laws, the spin-incoherent Luttinger liquid (SILL) with only the charge propagation mode is elucidated by the asymptotic of the two-point correlation functions with the help of conformal field theory. We also, for the first time, obtain the analytical results of the thermodynamics for the SILL. (V) Finally, to capture deeper insights into the Mott insulator and interaction-driven criticality, we further study the double occupancy and propose its associated contact and contact susceptibilities, through which an adiabatic cooling scheme based upon quantum criticality is proposed. In this scenario, we build up general relations among arbitrary external- and internal-potential-driven quantum phase transitions, providing a comprehensive understanding of quantum criticality. Our methods offer rich perspectives of quantum integrability and offer promising guidance for future experiments with interacting electrons and ultracold atoms, both with and without a lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Luo
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Pu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251-1892, United States of America
| | - Xi-Wen Guan
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
- NSFC-SPTP Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
- Department of Fundamental and Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
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2
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Luo A, Zheng YG, Zhang WY, He MG, Shen YC, Zhu ZH, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. Microscopic Study on Superexchange Dynamics of Composite Spin-1 Bosons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 133:043401. [PMID: 39121402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.133.043401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
We report on an experimental simulation of the spin-1 Heisenberg model with composite bosons in a one-dimensional chain based on the two-component Bose-Hubbard model. Exploiting our site- and spin-resolved quantum gas microscope, we observed faster superexchange dynamics of the spin-1 system compared to its spin-1/2 counterpart, which is attributed to the enhancement effect of multi-bosons. We further probed the nonequilibrium spin dynamics driven by the superexchange and single-ion anisotropy terms, unveiling the linear expansion of the spin-spin correlations, which is limited by the Lieb-Robinson bound. Based on the superexchange process, we prepared and verified the entangled qutrits pairs with these composite spin-1 bosons, potentially being applied in qutrit-based quantum information processing.
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3
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Yamamoto D, Morita K. Engineering of a Low-Entropy Quantum Simulator for Strongly Correlated Electrons Using Cold Atoms with SU(N)-Symmetric Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:213401. [PMID: 38856247 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.213401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
An advanced cooling scheme, incorporating entropy engineering, is vital for isolated artificial quantum systems designed to emulate the low-temperature physics of strongly correlated electron systems. This study theoretically demonstrates a cooling method employing multicomponent Fermi gases with SU(N)-symmetric interactions, focusing on the case of ^{173}Yb atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice. Adiabatically introducing a nonuniform state-selective laser gives rise to two distinct subsystems: a central low-entropy region, exclusively composed of two specific spin components, acts as a quantum simulator for strongly correlated electron systems, while the surrounding N-component mixture retains a significant portion of the entropy of the system. The total particle numbers for each component are good quantum numbers, creating a sharp boundary for the two-component region. The cooling efficiency is assessed through extensive finite-temperature Lanczos calculations. The results lay the foundation for quantum simulations of two-dimensional systems of Hubbard or Heisenberg type, offering crucial insights into intriguing low-temperature phenomena in condensed-matter physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajosui, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Morita
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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4
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Wu YY, Li ZY, Peng S, Zhang ZY, Cheng HM, Su H, Hou WQ, Yang FL, Wu SQ, Sato O, Dai JW, Li W, Bu XH. Two-Dimensional Spin-Crossover Molecular Solid Solutions with Tunable Transition Temperatures across 90 K. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8206-8215. [PMID: 38412246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Spin-crossover (SCO) materials exhibit remarkable potential as bistable switches in molecular devices. However, the spin transition temperatures (Tc) of known compounds are unable to cover the entire ambient temperature spectrum, largely limiting their practical utility. This study reports an exemplary two-dimensional SCO solid solution system, [FeIII(H0.5LCl)2-2x(H0.5LF)2x]·H2O (H0.5LX = 5-X-2-hydroxybenzylidene-hydrazinecarbothioamide, X = F or Cl, x = 0 to 1), in which the adjacent layers are adhered via hydrogen bonding. Notably, the Tc of this system can be fine-tuned across 90 K (227-316 K) in a linear manner by modulating the fraction x of the LF ligand. Elevating x results in strengthened hydrogen bonding between adjacent layers, which leads to enhanced intermolecular interactions between adjacent SCO molecules. Single-crystal diffraction analysis and periodic density functional theory calculations revealed that such a special kind of alteration in interlayer interactions strengthens the FeIIIN2O2S2 ligand field and corresponding SCO energy barrier, consequently resulting in increased Tc. This work provides a new pathway for tuning the Tc of SCO materials through delicate manipulation of molecular interactions, which could expand the application of bistable molecular solids to a much wider temperature regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shuang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zi-Yi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao-Ming Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hang Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wen-Qi Hou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Feng-Lei Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shu-Qi Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jing-Wei Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Haihe Educational Park, Tianjin 300350, China
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5
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Pasqualetti G, Bettermann O, Darkwah Oppong N, Ibarra-García-Padilla E, Dasgupta S, Scalettar RT, Hazzard KRA, Bloch I, Fölling S. Equation of State and Thermometry of the 2D SU(N) Fermi-Hubbard Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:083401. [PMID: 38457712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.083401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
We characterize the equation of state (EoS) of the SU(N>2) Fermi-Hubbard Model (FHM) in a two-dimensional single-layer square optical lattice. We probe the density and the site occupation probabilities as functions of interaction strength and temperature for N=3, 4, and 6. Our measurements are used as a benchmark for state-of-the-art numerical methods including determinantal quantum Monte Carlo and numerical linked cluster expansion. By probing the density fluctuations, we compare temperatures determined in a model-independent way by fitting measurements to numerically calculated EoS results, making this a particularly interesting new step in the exploration and characterization of the SU(N) FHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pasqualetti
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - O Bettermann
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - N Darkwah Oppong
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - E Ibarra-García-Padilla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
| | - S Dasgupta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
| | - R T Scalettar
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - K R A Hazzard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - I Bloch
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - S Fölling
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
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6
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Shen K, Sun K, Gelin MF, Zhao Y. Finite-Temperature Hole-Magnon Dynamics in an Antiferromagnet. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:447-453. [PMID: 38189682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Employing the numerically accurate multiple Davydov Ansatz in combination with the thermo-field dynamics approach, we delve into the interplay of the finite-temperature dynamics of holes and magnons in an antiferromagnet, which allows for scrutinizing previous predictions from the self-consistent Born approximation while offering, for the first time, accurate finite-temperature computation of detailed magnon dynamics as a response and a facilitator to the hole motion. The study also uncovers a pronounced temperature dependence of the magnon and hole populations, pointing to the feasibility of potential thermal manipulation and control of hole dynamics. Our methodology can be applied not only to the calculation of steady-state angular-resolved photoemission spectra but also to the simulation of femtosecond terahertz pump-probe and other nonlinear signals for the characterization of antiferromagnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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7
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Zhang WY, He MG, Sun H, Zheng YG, Liu Y, Luo A, Wang HY, Zhu ZH, Qiu PY, Shen YC, Wang XK, Lin W, Yu ST, Li BC, Xiao B, Li MD, Yang YM, Jiang X, Dai HN, Zhou Y, Ma X, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. Scalable Multipartite Entanglement Created by Spin Exchange in an Optical Lattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:073401. [PMID: 37656862 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.073401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold atoms in optical lattices form a competitive candidate for quantum computation owing to the excellent coherence properties, the highly parallel operations over spins, and the ultralow entropy achieved in qubit arrays. For this, a massive number of parallel entangled atom pairs have been realized in superlattices. However, the more formidable challenge is to scale up and detect multipartite entanglement, the basic resource for quantum computation, due to the lack of manipulations over local atomic spins in retroreflected bichromatic superlattices. In this Letter, we realize the functional building blocks in quantum-gate-based architecture by developing a cross-angle spin-dependent optical superlattice for implementing layers of quantum gates over moderately separated atoms incorporated with a quantum gas microscope for single-atom manipulation and detection. Bell states with a fidelity of 95.6(5)% and a lifetime of 2.20±0.13 s are prepared in parallel, and then connected to multipartite entangled states of one-dimensional ten-atom chains and two-dimensional plaquettes of 2×4 atoms. The multipartite entanglement is further verified with full bipartite nonseparability criteria. This offers a new platform toward scalable quantum computation and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yong Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ming-Gen He
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yong-Guang Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - An Luo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Yi Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Hang Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Pei-Yue Qiu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ying-Chao Shen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuan-Kai Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wan Lin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Song-Tao Yu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bin-Chen Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Meng-Da Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Meng Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Jiang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Han-Ning Dai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - You Zhou
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiongfeng Ma
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, China
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8
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Naldesi P, Elben A, Minguzzi A, Clément D, Zoller P, Vermersch B. Fermionic Correlation Functions from Randomized Measurements in Programmable Atomic Quantum Devices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:060601. [PMID: 37625073 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We provide an efficient randomized measurement protocol to estimate two- and four-point fermionic correlations in ultracold atom experiments. Our approach is based on combining random atomic beam splitter operations, which can be realized with programmable optical landscapes, with high-resolution imaging systems such as quantum gas microscopes. We illustrate our results in the context of the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm for solving quantum chemistry problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Naldesi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Elben
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Anna Minguzzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Clément
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Peter Zoller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Benoît Vermersch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
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9
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Shen T, Barghathi H, Yu J, Del Maestro A, Rubenstein BM. Stable recursive auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo algorithm in the canonical ensemble: Applications to thermometry and the Hubbard model. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:055302. [PMID: 37329093 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.055302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many experimentally accessible, finite-sized interacting quantum systems are most appropriately described by the canonical ensemble of statistical mechanics. Conventional numerical simulation methods either approximate them as being coupled to a particle bath or use projective algorithms which may suffer from nonoptimal scaling with system size or large algorithmic prefactors. In this paper, we introduce a highly stable, recursive auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo approach that can directly simulate systems in the canonical ensemble. We apply the method to the fermion Hubbard model in one and two spatial dimensions in a regime known to exhibit a significant "sign" problem and find improved performance over existing approaches including rapid convergence to ground-state expectation values. The effects of excitations above the ground state are quantified using an estimator-agnostic approach including studying the temperature dependence of the purity and overlap fidelity of the canonical and grand canonical density matrices. As an important application, we show that thermometry approaches often exploited in ultracold atoms that employ an analysis of the velocity distribution in the grand canonical ensemble may be subject to errors leading to an underestimation of extracted temperatures with respect to the Fermi temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Hatem Barghathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - Jiangyong Yu
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Adrian Del Maestro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
- Min H. Kao Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Brenda M Rubenstein
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
- Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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10
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Chomaz L, Ferrier-Barbut I, Ferlaino F, Laburthe-Tolra B, Lev BL, Pfau T. Dipolar physics: a review of experiments with magnetic quantum gases. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 86:026401. [PMID: 36583342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aca814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since the achievement of quantum degeneracy in gases of chromium atoms in 2004, the experimental investigation of ultracold gases made of highly magnetic atoms has blossomed. The field has yielded the observation of many unprecedented phenomena, in particular those in which long-range and anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions (DDIs) play a crucial role. In this review, we aim to present the aspects of the magnetic quantum-gas platform that make it unique for exploring ultracold and quantum physics as well as to give a thorough overview of experimental achievements. Highly magnetic atoms distinguish themselves by the fact that their electronic ground-state configuration possesses a large electronic total angular momentum. This results in a large magnetic moment and a rich electronic transition spectrum. Such transitions are useful for cooling, trapping, and manipulating these atoms. The complex atomic structure and large dipolar moments of these atoms also lead to a dense spectrum of resonances in their two-body scattering behaviour. These resonances can be used to control the interatomic interactions and, in particular, the relative importance of contact over dipolar interactions. These features provide exquisite control knobs for exploring the few- and many-body physics of dipolar quantum gases. The study of dipolar effects in magnetic quantum gases has covered various few-body phenomena that are based on elastic and inelastic anisotropic scattering. Various many-body effects have also been demonstrated. These affect both the shape, stability, dynamics, and excitations of fully polarised repulsive Bose or Fermi gases. Beyond the mean-field instability, strong dipolar interactions competing with slightly weaker contact interactions between magnetic bosons yield new quantum-stabilised states, among which are self-bound droplets, droplet assemblies, and supersolids. Dipolar interactions also deeply affect the physics of atomic gases with an internal degree of freedom as these interactions intrinsically couple spin and atomic motion. Finally, long-range dipolar interactions can stabilise strongly correlated excited states of 1D gases and also impact the physics of lattice-confined systems, both at the spin-polarised level (Hubbard models with off-site interactions) and at the spinful level (XYZ models). In the present manuscript, we aim to provide an extensive overview of the various related experimental achievements up to the present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane Chomaz
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Physikalisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Igor Ferrier-Barbut
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Ferlaino
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institut für Quantenoptik und Quanteninformation, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bruno Laburthe-Tolra
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
- CNRS, UMR 7538, LPL, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Benjamin L Lev
- Departments of Physics and Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States of America
| | - Tilman Pfau
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany
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11
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Nielsen KK, Pohl T, Bruun GM. Nonequilibrium Hole Dynamics in Antiferromagnets: Damped Strings and Polarons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:246601. [PMID: 36563255 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.246601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We develop a nonperturbative theory for hole dynamics in antiferromagnetic spin lattices, as described by the t-J model. This is achieved by generalizing the self-consistent Born approximation to nonequilibrium systems, making it possible to calculate the full time-dependent many-body wave function. Our approach reveals three distinct dynamical regimes, ultimately leading to the formation of magnetic polarons. Following the initial ballistic stage of the hole dynamics, coherent formation of string excitations gives rise to characteristic oscillations in the hole density. Their damping eventually leaves behind magnetic polarons that undergo ballistic motion with a greatly reduced velocity. The developed theory provides a rigorous framework for understanding nonequilibrium physics of defects in quantum magnets and quantitatively explains recent observations from cold-atom quantum simulations in the strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Knakkergaard Nielsen
- Max-Planck Institute for Quantum Optics, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - T Pohl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - G M Bruun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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12
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Kourehpaz M, Donsa S, Lackner F, Burgdörfer J, Březinová I. Canonical Density Matrices from Eigenstates of Mixed Systems. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1740. [PMID: 36554145 PMCID: PMC9778258 DOI: 10.3390/e24121740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One key issue of the foundation of statistical mechanics is the emergence of equilibrium ensembles in isolated and closed quantum systems. Recently, it was predicted that in the thermodynamic (N→∞) limit of large quantum many-body systems, canonical density matrices emerge for small subsystems from almost all pure states. This notion of canonical typicality is assumed to originate from the entanglement between subsystem and environment and the resulting intrinsic quantum complexity of the many-body state. For individual eigenstates, it has been shown that local observables show thermal properties provided the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis holds, which requires the system to be quantum-chaotic. In the present paper, we study the emergence of thermal states in the regime of a quantum analog of a mixed phase space. Specifically, we study the emergence of the canonical density matrix of an impurity upon reduction from isolated energy eigenstates of a large but finite quantum system the impurity is embedded in. Our system can be tuned by means of a single parameter from quantum integrability to quantum chaos and corresponds in between to a system with mixed quantum phase space. We show that the probability for finding a canonical density matrix when reducing the ensemble of energy eigenstates of the finite many-body system can be quantitatively controlled and tuned by the degree of quantum chaos present. For the transition from quantum integrability to quantum chaos, we find a continuous and universal (i.e., size-independent) relation between the fraction of canonical eigenstates and the degree of chaoticity as measured by the Brody parameter or the Shannon entropy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Iva Březinová
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Guan XW, He P. New trends in quantum integrability: recent experiments with ultracold atoms. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:114001. [PMID: 36170807 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac95a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades quantum engineering has made significant advances in our ability to create genuine quantum many-body systems using ultracold atoms. In particular, some prototypical exactly solvable Yang-Baxter systems have been successfully realized allowing us to confront elegant and sophisticated exact solutions of these systems with their experimental counterparts. The new experimental developments show a variety of fundamental one-dimensional (1D) phenomena, ranging from the generalized hydrodynamics to dynamical fermionization, Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids, collective excitations, fractional exclusion statistics, quantum holonomy, spin-charge separation, competing orders with high spin symmetry and quantum impurity problems. This article briefly reviews these developments and provides rigorous understanding of those observed phenomena based on the exact solutions while highlighting the uniqueness of 1D quantum physics. The precision of atomic physics realizations of integrable many-body problems continues to inspire significant developments in mathematics and physics while at the same time offering the prospect to contribute to future quantum technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Wen Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, APM, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, People's Republic of China
- NSFC-SPTP Peng Huanwu Center for Fundamental Theory, Xi'an 710127, People's Republic of China
- Department of Fundamental and Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Peng He
- Bureau of Frontier Sciences and Education, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864,People's Republic of China
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14
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Tian Y, Zhang Z, Ye J, Zhao Y, Hu J, Chen W. Quantum gas microscope assisted with T-shape vacuum viewports. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:36912-36920. [PMID: 36258611 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A quantum gas microscope plays an important role in cold-atom experiments, which provides a high-resolution imaging of the spatial distributions of cold atoms. Here we design, build and calibrate an integrated microscope for quantum gases with all the optical components fixed outside the vacuum chamber. It provides large numerical aperture (NA) of 0.75, as well as good optical access from side for atom loading in cold-atom experiments due to long working distance (7 mm fused silica+6 mm vacuum) of the microscope objective. We make a special design of the vacuum viewport with a T-shape window, to suppress the window flatness distortion introduced by the metal-glass binding process, and protect the high-resolution imaging from distortions due to unflattened window. The achieved Strehl ratio is 0.9204 using scanning-near-field microscopy (SNOM) fiber coupling incoherent light as point light source.
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15
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Yan ZZ, Spar BM, Prichard ML, Chi S, Wei HT, Ibarra-García-Padilla E, Hazzard KRA, Bakr WS. Two-Dimensional Programmable Tweezer Arrays of Fermions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123201. [PMID: 36179199 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We prepare high-filling two-component arrays of tens of fermionic ^{6}Li atoms in optical tweezers, with the atoms in the ground motional state of each tweezer. Using a stroboscopic technique, we configure the arrays in various two-dimensional geometries with negligible Floquet heating. A full spin- and density-resolved readout of individual sites allows us to postselect near-zero entropy initial states for fermionic quantum simulation. We prepare a correlated state in a two-by-two tunnel-coupled Hubbard plaquette, demonstrating all the building blocks for realizing a programmable fermionic quantum simulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Z Yan
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Benjamin M Spar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Max L Prichard
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Sungjae Chi
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Hao-Tian Wei
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Eduardo Ibarra-García-Padilla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Kaden R A Hazzard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
- Rice Center for Quantum Materials, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Waseem S Bakr
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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16
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Spar BM, Guardado-Sanchez E, Chi S, Yan ZZ, Bakr WS. Realization of a Fermi-Hubbard Optical Tweezer Array. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:223202. [PMID: 35714242 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.223202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We use lithium-6 atoms in an optical tweezer array to realize an eight-site Fermi-Hubbard chain near half filling. We achieve single site detection by combining the tweezer array with a quantum gas microscope. By reducing disorder in the energy offsets to less than the tunneling energy, we observe Mott insulators with strong antiferromagnetic correlations. The measured spin correlations allow us to put an upper bound on the entropy of 0.26(4)k_{B} per atom, comparable to the lowest entropies achieved with optical lattices. Additionally, we establish the flexibility of the tweezer platform by initializing atoms on one tweezer and observing tunneling dynamics across the array for uniform and staggered 1D geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M Spar
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - Sungjae Chi
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Zoe Z Yan
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Waseem S Bakr
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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17
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Realizing the symmetry-protected Haldane phase in Fermi-Hubbard ladders. Nature 2022; 606:484-488. [PMID: 35650440 PMCID: PMC9200636 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Topology in quantum many-body systems has profoundly changed our understanding of quantum phases of matter. The model that has played an instrumental role in elucidating these effects is the antiferromagnetic spin-1 Haldane chain1,2. Its ground state is a disordered state, with symmetry-protected fourfold-degenerate edge states due to fractional spin excitations. In the bulk, it is characterized by vanishing two-point spin correlations, gapped excitations and a characteristic non-local order parameter3,4. More recently it has been understood that the Haldane chain forms a specific example of a more general classification scheme of symmetry-protected topological phases of matter, which is based on ideas connected to quantum information and entanglement5–7. Here, we realize a finite-temperature version of such a topological Haldane phase with Fermi–Hubbard ladders in an ultracold-atom quantum simulator. We directly reveal both edge and bulk properties of the system through the use of single-site and particle-resolved measurements, as well as non-local correlation functions. Continuously changing the Hubbard interaction strength of the system enables us to investigate the robustness of the phase to charge (density) fluctuations far from the regime of the Heisenberg model, using a novel correlator. A ladder-like arrangement of an ultracold gas of lithium atoms trapped in an optical lattice enables the observation of a symmetry-protected topological phase.
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18
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TAKAHASHI Y. Quantum simulation of quantum many-body systems with ultracold two-electron atoms in an optical lattice. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:141-160. [PMID: 35400693 PMCID: PMC9071925 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ultracold atoms in an optical lattice provide a unique approach to study quantum many-body systems, previously only possible by using condensed-matter experimental systems. This new approach, often called quantum simulation, becomes possible because of the high controllability of the system parameters and the inherent cleanness without lattice defects and impurities. In this article, we review recent developments in this rapidly growing field of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, with special focus on quantum simulations using our newly created quantum many-body system of two-electron atoms of ytterbium. In addition, we also mention other interesting possibilities offered by this novel experimental platform, such as applications to precision measurements for studying fundamental physics and a Rydberg atom quantum computation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiro TAKAHASHI
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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19
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Koepsell J, Bourgund D, Sompet P, Hirthe S, Bohrdt A, Wang Y, Grusdt F, Demler E, Salomon G, Gross C, Bloch I. Microscopic evolution of doped Mott insulators from polaronic metal to Fermi liquid. Science 2021; 374:82-86. [PMID: 34591626 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe7165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannis Koepsell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Dominik Bourgund
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Pimonpan Sompet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Sarah Hirthe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Annabelle Bohrdt
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany.,Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA
| | - Fabian Grusdt
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Guillaume Salomon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany.,Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.,The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany.,Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology, 80799 München, Germany.,Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 München, Germany
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20
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Malvania N, Zhang Y, Le Y, Dubail J, Rigol M, Weiss DS. Generalized hydrodynamics in strongly interacting 1D Bose gases. Science 2021; 373:1129-1133. [PMID: 34516835 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Malvania
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yicheng Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yuan Le
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jerome Dubail
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Marcos Rigol
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - David S Weiss
- Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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21
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Frérot I, Roscilde T. Optimal Entanglement Witnesses: A Scalable Data-Driven Approach. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:040401. [PMID: 34355944 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.040401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multipartite entanglement is a key resource allowing quantum devices to outperform their classical counterparts, and entanglement certification is fundamental to assess any quantum advantage. The only scalable certification scheme relies on entanglement witnessing, typically effective only for special entangled states. Here, we focus on finite sets of measurements on quantum states (hereafter called quantum data), and we propose an approach which, given a particular spatial partitioning of the system of interest, can effectively ascertain whether or not the dataset is compatible with a separable state. When compatibility is disproven, the approach produces the optimal entanglement witness for the quantum data at hand. Our approach is based on mapping separable states onto equilibrium classical field theories on a lattice and on mapping the compatibility problem onto an inverse statistical problem, whose solution is reached in polynomial time whenever the classical field theory does not describe a glassy system. Our results pave the way for systematic entanglement certification in quantum devices, optimized with respect to the accessible observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irénée Frérot
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Avenida Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Barcelona, Spain
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Tommaso Roscilde
- Laboratoire de Physique, CNRS UMR 5672, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, Lyon F-69364, France
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22
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23
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Bergh B, Gärttner M. Experimentally Accessible Bounds on Distillable Entanglement from Entropic Uncertainty Relations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:190503. [PMID: 34047593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.190503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is not only the resource that fuels many quantum technologies but also plays a key role for some of the most profound open questions of fundamental physics. Experiments controlling quantum systems at the single quantum level may shed light on these puzzles. However, measuring, or even bounding, entanglement experimentally has proven to be an outstanding challenge, especially when the prepared quantum states are mixed. We use entropic uncertainty relations for bipartite systems to derive measurable lower bounds on distillable entanglement. We showcase these bounds by applying them to physical models realizable in cold-atom experiments. The derived entanglement bounds rely on measurements in only two different bases and are generically applicable to any quantum simulation platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Bergh
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Gärttner
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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24
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Li MD, Lin W, Luo A, Zhang WY, Sun H, Xiao B, Zheng YG, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. High-powered optical superlattice with robust phase stability for quantum gas microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:13876-13886. [PMID: 33985115 DOI: 10.1364/oe.423776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Optical superlattice has a wide range of applications in the study of ultracold atom physics. Especially, it can be used to trap and manipulate thousands of atom pairs in parallel which constitutes a promising system for quantum simulation and quantum computation. In the present work, we report on a high-power optical superlattice formed by a 532-nm and 1064-nm dual-wavelength interferometer with a short lattice spacing of 630 nm. The short-term fluctuation (in 10 seconds) of the relative phase between the short lattice and the long lattice is measured to be 0.003π, which satisfies the needs for performing two-qubit gates among neighboring lattice sites. We further implement this superlattice in a 87Rb experiment with a quantum gas microscope of single-site resolution, where the high-power 532-nm laser is necessary for pinning atoms in the short lattice during imaging, providing a unique platform for engineering quantum states.
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25
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Krause U, Pellegrin T, Brouwer PW, Abanin DA, Filippone M. Nucleation of Ergodicity by a Single Mobile Impurity in Supercooled Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:030603. [PMID: 33543943 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We consider a disordered Hubbard model and show that, at sufficiently weak disorder, a single spin-down mobile impurity can thermalize an extensive initially localized system of spin-up particles. Thermalization is enabled by resonant processes that involve correlated hops of the impurity and localized particles. This effect indicates that Anderson localized insulators behave as "supercooled" systems, with mobile impurities acting as ergodic seeds. We provide analytical estimates, supported by numerical exact diagonalization, showing how the critical disorder strength for such mechanism depends on the particle density of the localized system. In the U→∞ limit, doublons are stable excitations, and they can thermalize mesoscopic systems by a similar mechanism. The emergence of an additional conservation law leads to an eventual localization of doublons. Our predictions apply to fermionic and bosonic systems and are readily accessible in ongoing experiments simulating synthetic quantum lattices with tunable disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Krause
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Théo Pellegrin
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Piet W Brouwer
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems and Institut für Theoretische Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dmitry A Abanin
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michele Filippone
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Bohrdt A, Wang Y, Koepsell J, Kánasz-Nagy M, Demler E, Grusdt F. Dominant Fifth-Order Correlations in Doped Quantum Antiferromagnets. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:026401. [PMID: 33512175 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.026401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, one- and two-point correlation functions are used to characterize many-body systems. In strongly correlated quantum materials, such as the doped 2D Fermi-Hubbard system, these may no longer be sufficient, because higher-order correlations are crucial to understanding the character of the many-body system and can be numerically dominant. Experimentally, such higher-order correlations have recently become accessible in ultracold atom systems. Here, we reveal strong non-Gaussian correlations in doped quantum antiferromagnets and show that higher-order correlations dominate over lower-order terms. We study a single mobile hole in the t-J model using the density matrix renormalization group and reveal genuine fifth-order correlations which are directly related to the mobility of the dopant. We contrast our results to predictions using models based on doped quantum spin liquids which feature significantly reduced higher-order correlations. Our predictions can be tested at the lowest currently accessible temperatures in quantum simulators of the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model. Finally, we propose to experimentally study the same fifth-order spin-charge correlations as a function of doping. This will help to reveal the microscopic nature of charge carriers in the most debated regime of the Hubbard model, relevant for understanding high-T_{c} superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bohrdt
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, USA
| | - J Koepsell
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Kánasz-Nagy
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - E Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - F Grusdt
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
- Department of Physics and Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, München D-80333, Germany
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27
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Dawid A, Tomza M. Magnetic properties and quench dynamics of two interacting ultracold molecules in a trap. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:28140-28153. [PMID: 33290463 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05542e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the magnetic properties and nonequilibrium dynamics of two interacting ultracold polar and paramagnetic molecules in a one-dimensional harmonic trap in external electric and magnetic fields. The molecules interact via a multichannel two-body contact potential, incorporating the short-range anisotropy of intermolecular interactions. We show that various magnetization states arise from the interplay of the molecular interactions, electronic spins, dipole moments, rotational structures, external fields, and spin-rotation coupling. The rich magnetization diagrams depend primarily on the anisotropy of the intermolecular interaction and the spin-rotation coupling. These specific molecular properties are challenging to calculate or measure. Therefore, we propose the quench dynamics experiments for extracting them from observing the time evolution of the analyzed system. Our results indicate the possibility of controlling the molecular few-body magnetization with the external electric field and pave the way towards studying the magnetization of ultracold molecules trapped in optical tweezers or optical lattices and their application in quantum simulation of molecular multichannel many-body Hamiltonians and quantum information storing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Dawid
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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28
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Gao H, Coulthard JR, Jaksch D, Mur-Petit J. Anomalous Spin-Charge Separation in a Driven Hubbard System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:195301. [PMID: 33216562 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.195301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spin-charge separation (SCS) is a striking manifestation of strong correlations in low-dimensional quantum systems, whereby a fermion splits into separate spin and charge excitations that travel at different speeds. Here, we demonstrate that periodic driving enables control over SCS in a Hubbard system near half filling. In one dimension, we predict analytically an exotic regime where charge travels slower than spin and can even become "frozen," in agreement with numerical calculations. In two dimensions, the driving slows both charge and spin and leads to complex interferences between single-particle and pair-hopping processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Gao
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Coulthard
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Jaksch
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 2, 117543 Singapore
| | - Jordi Mur-Petit
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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29
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Hartke T, Oreg B, Jia N, Zwierlein M. Doublon-Hole Correlations and Fluctuation Thermometry in a Fermi-Hubbard Gas. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:113601. [PMID: 32975995 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the single atom and single site-resolved detection of the total density in a cold atom realization of the 2D Fermi-Hubbard model. Fluorescence imaging of doublons is achieved by splitting each lattice site into a double well, thereby separating atom pairs. Full density readout yields a direct measurement of the equation of state, including direct thermometry via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. Site-resolved density correlations reveal the Pauli hole at low filling, and strong doublon-hole correlations near half filling. These are shown to account for the difference between local and nonlocal density fluctuations in the Mott insulator. Our technique enables the study of atom-resolved charge transport in the Fermi-Hubbard model, the site-resolved observation of molecules, and the creation of bilayer Fermi-Hubbard systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hartke
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Botond Oreg
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Ningyuan Jia
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Martin Zwierlein
- Department of Physics, MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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30
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Yamamoto D, Suzuki C, Marmorini G, Okazaki S, Furukawa N. Quantum and Thermal Phase Transitions of the Triangular SU(3) Heisenberg Model under Magnetic Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:057204. [PMID: 32794836 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.057204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We study the quantum and thermal phase transition phenomena of the SU(3) Heisenberg model on triangular lattice in the presence of magnetic fields. Performing a scaling analysis on large-size cluster mean-field calculations endowed with a density-matrix renormalization-group solver, we reveal the quantum phases selected by quantum fluctuations from the massively degenerate classical ground-state manifold. The magnetization process up to saturation reflects three different magnetic phases. The low- and high-field phases have strong nematic nature, and especially the latter is found only via a nontrivial reconstruction of symmetry generators from the standard spin and quadrupolar description. We also perform a semiclassical Monte Carlo simulation to show that thermal fluctuations prefer the same three phases as well. Moreover, we find that exotic topological phase transitions driven by the binding-unbinding of fractional (half-)vortices take place, due to the nematicity of the low- and high-field phases. Possible experimental realization with alkaline-earth-like cold atoms is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Chihiro Suzuki
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Giacomo Marmorini
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Sho Okazaki
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Nobuo Furukawa
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
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31
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Koepsell J, Hirthe S, Bourgund D, Sompet P, Vijayan J, Salomon G, Gross C, Bloch I. Robust Bilayer Charge Pumping for Spin- and Density-Resolved Quantum Gas Microscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:010403. [PMID: 32678648 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantum gas microscopy has emerged as a powerful new way to probe quantum many-body systems at the microscopic level. However, layered or efficient spin-resolved readout methods have remained scarce as they impose strong demands on the specific atomic species and constrain the simulated lattice geometry and size. Here we present a novel high-fidelity bilayer readout, which can be used for full spin- and density-resolved quantum gas microscopy of two-dimensional systems with arbitrary geometry. Our technique makes use of an initial Stern-Gerlach splitting into adjacent layers of a highly stable vertical superlattice and subsequent charge pumping to separate the layers by 21 μm. This separation enables independent high-resolution images of each layer. We benchmark our method by spin- and density-resolving two-dimensional Fermi-Hubbard systems. Our technique furthermore enables the access to advanced entropy engineering schemes, spectroscopic methods, or the realization of tunable bilayer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joannis Koepsell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Sarah Hirthe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Dominik Bourgund
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Pimonpan Sompet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Jayadev Vijayan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Guillaume Salomon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
| | - Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 München, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80799 München, Germany
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32
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33
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Nakagawa M, Tsuji N, Kawakami N, Ueda M. Dynamical Sign Reversal of Magnetic Correlations in Dissipative Hubbard Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:147203. [PMID: 32338955 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.147203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In quantum magnetism, the virtual exchange of particles mediates an interaction between spins. Here, we show that an inelastic Hubbard interaction fundamentally alters the magnetism of the Hubbard model due to dissipation in spin-exchange processes, leading to sign reversal of magnetic correlations in dissipative quantum dynamics. This mechanism is applicable to both fermionic and bosonic Mott insulators, and can naturally be realized with ultracold atoms undergoing two-body inelastic collisions. The dynamical reversal of magnetic correlations can be detected by using a double-well optical lattice or quantum-gas microscopy, the latter of which facilitates the detection of the magnetic correlations in one-dimensional systems because of spin-charge separation. Our results open a new avenue toward controlling quantum magnetism by dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Nakagawa
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoto Tsuji
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Norio Kawakami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masahito Ueda
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Physics of Intelligence, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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34
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Chiu CS, Ji G, Bohrdt A, Xu M, Knap M, Demler E, Grusdt F, Greiner M, Greif D. String patterns in the doped Hubbard model. Science 2020; 365:251-256. [PMID: 31320533 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Understanding strongly correlated quantum many-body states is one of the most difficult challenges in modern physics. For example, there remain fundamental open questions on the phase diagram of the Hubbard model, which describes strongly correlated electrons in solids. In this work, we realize the Hubbard Hamiltonian and search for specific patterns within the individual images of many realizations of strongly correlated ultracold fermions in an optical lattice. Upon doping a cold-atom antiferromagnet, we find consistency with geometric strings, entities that may explain the relationship between hole motion and spin order, in both pattern-based and conventional observables. Our results demonstrate the potential for pattern recognition to provide key insights into cold-atom quantum many-body systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie S Chiu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Geoffrey Ji
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Annabelle Bohrdt
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Muqing Xu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Michael Knap
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fabian Grusdt
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Daniel Greif
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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35
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Bohrdt A, Omran A, Demler E, Gazit S, Grusdt F. Multiparticle Interactions for Ultracold Atoms in Optical Tweezers: Cyclic Ring-Exchange Terms. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:073601. [PMID: 32142349 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.073601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dominant multiparticle interactions can give rise to exotic physical phases with anyonic excitations and phase transitions without local order parameters. In spin systems with a global SU(N) symmetry, cyclic ring-exchange couplings constitute the first higher-order interaction in this class. In this Letter, we propose a protocol showing how SU(N)-invariant multibody interactions can be implemented in optical tweezer arrays. We utilize the flexibility to rearrange the tweezer configuration on short timescales compared to the typical lifetimes, in combination with strong nonlocal Rydberg interactions. As a specific example, we demonstrate how a chiral cyclic ring-exchange Hamiltonian can be implemented in a two-leg ladder geometry. We study its phase diagram using density-matrix renormalization group simulations and identify phases with dominant vector chirality, a ferromagnet, and an emergent spin-1 Haldane phase. We also discuss how the proposed protocol can be utilized to implement the strongly frustrated J-Q model, a candidate for hosting a deconfined quantum critical point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Bohrdt
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Ahmed Omran
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Eugene Demler
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Snir Gazit
- Racah Institute of Physics and The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Fabian Grusdt
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 München, Germany
- Department of Physics and Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 37, München D-80333, Germany
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36
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Yang D, Grankin A, Sieberer LM, Vasilyev DV, Zoller P. Quantum non-demolition measurement of a many-body Hamiltonian. Nat Commun 2020; 11:775. [PMID: 32034127 PMCID: PMC7005874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In an ideal quantum measurement, the wave function of a quantum system collapses to an eigenstate of the measured observable, and the corresponding eigenvalue determines the measurement outcome. If the observable commutes with the system Hamiltonian, repeated measurements yield the same result and thus minimally disturb the system. Seminal quantum optics experiments have achieved such quantum non-demolition (QND) measurements of systems with few degrees of freedom. In contrast, here we describe how the QND measurement of a complex many-body observable, the Hamiltonian of an interacting many-body system, can be implemented in a trapped-ion analog quantum simulator. Through a single-shot measurement, the many-body system is prepared in a narrow band of (highly excited) energy eigenstates, and potentially even a single eigenstate. Our QND scheme, which can be carried over to other platforms of quantum simulation, provides a framework to investigate experimentally fundamental aspects of equilibrium and non-equilibrium statistical physics including the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and quantum fluctuation relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayou Yang
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrey Grankin
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas M Sieberer
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Denis V Vasilyev
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Zoller
- Center for Quantum Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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37
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Gall M, Chan CF, Wurz N, Köhl M. Simulating a Mott Insulator Using Attractive Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:010403. [PMID: 31976738 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.010403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study the particle-hole symmetry in the Hubbard model using ultracold fermionic atoms in an optical lattice. We demonstrate the mapping between charge and spin degrees of freedom and, in particular, show the occurrence of a state with "incompressible" magnetization for attractive interactions. Our results present a novel approach to quantum simulation by giving access to strongly correlated phases of matter through an experimental mapping to easier detectable observables.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gall
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - C F Chan
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Wurz
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - M Köhl
- Physikalisches Institut, University of Bonn, Wegelerstraße 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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38
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Vijayan J, Sompet P, Salomon G, Koepsell J, Hirthe S, Bohrdt A, Grusdt F, Bloch I, Gross C. Time-resolved observation of spin-charge deconfinement in fermionic Hubbard chains. Science 2020; 367:186-189. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Elementary particles carry several quantum numbers, such as charge and spin. However, in an ensemble of strongly interacting particles, the emerging degrees of freedom can fundamentally differ from those of the individual constituents. For example, one-dimensional systems are described by independent quasiparticles carrying either spin (spinon) or charge (holon). Here, we report on the dynamical deconfinement of spin and charge excitations in real space after the removal of a particle in Fermi-Hubbard chains of ultracold atoms. Using space- and time-resolved quantum gas microscopy, we tracked the evolution of the excitations through their signatures in spin and charge correlations. By evaluating multipoint correlators, we quantified the spatial separation of the excitations in the context of fractionalization into single spinons and holons at finite temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayadev Vijayan
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Pimonpan Sompet
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Guillaume Salomon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Joannis Koepsell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Sarah Hirthe
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Annabelle Bohrdt
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Fabian Grusdt
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics and Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics (ASC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Theresienstraße 37, 80333 München, Germany
| | - Immanuel Bloch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Christian Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, 80799 München, Germany
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39
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Lin J, Nan J, Luo Y, Yao XC, Li X. Quantum Adiabatic Doping with Incommensurate Optical Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233603. [PMID: 31868469 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantum simulations of Fermi-Hubbard models have been attracting considerable effort in the optical lattice research, with the ultracold antiferromagnetic atomic phase reached at half filling in recent years. An unresolved issue is to dope the system while maintaining the low thermal entropy. Here we propose to achieve the low temperature phase of the doped Fermi-Hubbard model using incommensurate optical lattices through adiabatic quantum evolution. In this theoretical proposal, we find that one major problem about the adiabatic doping is atomic localization in the incommensurate lattice, potentially causing an exponential slowing down of the adiabatic procedure. We study both one- and two-dimensional incommensurate optical lattices, and find that the localization prevents efficient adiabatic doping in the strong lattice regime for both cases. With density matrix renormalization group calculation, we further show that the slowing down problem in one dimension can be circumvented by considering interaction induced many-body delocalization, which is experimentally feasible using Feshbach resonance techniques. This protocol is expected to be efficient as well in two dimensions where the localization phenomenon is less stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jue Nan
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yuchen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing-Can Yao
- Shanghai Branch, National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, Institute of Nanoelectronics and Quantum Computing, and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
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40
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Bernard D, Jin T. Open Quantum Symmetric Simple Exclusion Process. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:080601. [PMID: 31491217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.080601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the solution to a model of fermions hopping between neighboring sites on a line with random Brownian amplitudes and open boundary conditions driving the system out of equilibrium. The average dynamics reduces to that of the symmetric simple exclusion process. However, the full distribution encodes for a richer behavior, entailing fluctuating quantum coherences which survive in the steady limit. We determine exactly the steady statistical distribution of the system state. We show that the out-of-equilibrium quantum coherence fluctuations satisfy a large-deviation principle, and we present a method to recursively compute exactly the large-deviation function. As a by-product, our approach gives a solution of the classical symmetric simple exclusion process based on fermion technology. Our results open the route towards the extension of the macroscopic fluctuation theory to many-body quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Bernard
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, CNRS, ENS & Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, 75005 France
| | - Tony Jin
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, CNRS, ENS & Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Diderot, 75005 France
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41
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Koepsell J, Vijayan J, Sompet P, Grusdt F, Hilker TA, Demler E, Salomon G, Bloch I, Gross C. Imaging magnetic polarons in the doped Fermi–Hubbard model. Nature 2019; 572:358-362. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1463-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Schauss P. Polarons leave a trace. Science 2019; 365:218. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aax6486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Spin and charge interplay leads to stringlike excitations in the 2D Hubbard model
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Schauss
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4714, USA
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43
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Covey JP, Madjarov IS, Cooper A, Endres M. 2000-Times Repeated Imaging of Strontium Atoms in Clock-Magic Tweezer Arrays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:173201. [PMID: 31107094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate single-atom resolved imaging with a survival probability of 0.99932(8) and a fidelity of 0.99991(1), enabling us to perform repeated high-fidelity imaging of single atoms in tweezers thousands of times. We further observe lifetimes under laser cooling of more than seven minutes, an order of magnitude longer than in previous tweezer studies. Experiments are performed with strontium atoms in 813.4 nm tweezer arrays, which is at a magic wavelength for the clock transition. Tuning to this wavelength is enabled by off-magic Sisyphus cooling on the intercombination line, which lets us choose the tweezer wavelength almost arbitrarily. We find that a single not retroreflected cooling beam in the radial direction is sufficient for mitigating recoil heating during imaging. Moreover, this cooling technique yields temperatures below 5 μK, as measured by release and recapture. Finally, we demonstrate clock-state resolved detection with average survival probability of 0.996(1) and average state detection fidelity of 0.981(1). Our work paves the way for atom-by-atom assembly of large defect-free arrays of alkaline-earth atoms, in which repeated interrogation of the clock transition is an imminent possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Covey
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Ivaylo S Madjarov
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Alexandre Cooper
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Manuel Endres
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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44
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Mazurenko A, Blatt S, Huber F, Parsons MF, Chiu CS, Ji G, Greif D, Greiner M. Implementation of a stable, high-power optical lattice for quantum gas microscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:033101. [PMID: 30927819 DOI: 10.1063/1.5066623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe the design and implementation of a stable high-power 1064 nm laser system to generate optical lattices for experiments with ultracold quantum gases. The system is based on a low-noise laser amplified by an array of four heavily modified, high-power fiber amplifiers. The beam intensity is stabilized and controlled with a nonlinear feedback loop. Using real-time monitoring of the resulting optical lattice, we find the stability of the lattice site positions to be well below the lattice spacing over the course of hours. The position of the harmonic trap produced by the Gaussian envelope of the lattice beams is stable to about one lattice spacing and the long-term (six-month) relative root-mean-square stability of the lattice spacing itself is 0.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mazurenko
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S Blatt
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - F Huber
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M F Parsons
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - C S Chiu
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - G Ji
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Greif
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - M Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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45
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Salomon G, Koepsell J, Vijayan J, Hilker TA, Nespolo J, Pollet L, Bloch I, Gross C. Direct observation of incommensurate magnetism in Hubbard chains. Nature 2018; 565:56-60. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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46
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Ilievski E, De Nardis J, Medenjak M, Prosen T. Superdiffusion in One-Dimensional Quantum Lattice Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:230602. [PMID: 30576201 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.230602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We identify a class of one-dimensional spin and fermionic lattice models that display diverging spin and charge diffusion constants, including several paradigmatic models of exactly solvable, strongly correlated many-body dynamics such as the isotropic Heisenberg spin chains, the Fermi-Hubbard model, and the t-J model at the integrable point. Using the hydrodynamic transport theory, we derive an analytic lower bound on the spin and charge diffusion constants by calculating the curvature of the corresponding Drude weights at half-filling, and demonstrate that for certain lattice models with isotropic interactions some of the Noether charges exhibit superdiffusive transport at finite temperature and half-filling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enej Ilievski
- Institute for Theoretical Physics Amsterdam and Delta Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jacopo De Nardis
- Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marko Medenjak
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Prosen
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Jadranska 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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47
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Nichols MA, Cheuk LW, Okan M, Hartke TR, Mendez E, Senthil T, Khatami E, Zhang H, Zwierlein MW. Spin transport in a Mott insulator of ultracold fermions. Science 2018; 363:383-387. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat4387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Strongly correlated materials are expected to feature unconventional transport properties, such that charge, spin, and heat conduction are potentially independent probes of the dynamics. In contrast to charge transport, the measurement of spin transport in such materials is highly challenging. We observed spin conduction and diffusion in a system of ultracold fermionic atoms that realizes the half-filled Fermi-Hubbard model. For strong interactions, spin diffusion is driven by super-exchange and doublon-hole–assisted tunneling, and strongly violates the quantum limit of charge diffusion. The technique developed in this work can be extended to finite doping, which can shed light on the complex interplay between spin and charge in the Hubbard model.
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48
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Ozawa H, Taie S, Takasu Y, Takahashi Y. Antiferromagnetic Spin Correlation of SU(N) Fermi Gas in an Optical Superlattice. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:225303. [PMID: 30547600 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.225303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large-spin cold atomic systems can exhibit unique phenomena that do not appear in spin-1/2 systems. We report the observation of nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic spin correlations of a Fermi gas with SU(N) symmetry trapped in an optical lattice. The precise control of the spin degrees of freedom provided by an optical pumping technique enables us a straightforward comparison between the cases of SU(2) and SU(4). Our important finding is that the antiferromagnetic correlation is enhanced for the SU(4)-spin system compared with SU(2) as a consequence of a Pomeranchuk cooling effect. This work is an important step towards the realization of novel SU(N>2) quantum magnetism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Ozawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shintaro Taie
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yosuke Takasu
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Takahashi
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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49
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De Nardis J, Bernard D, Doyon B. Hydrodynamic Diffusion in Integrable Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:160603. [PMID: 30387673 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.160603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that hydrodynamic diffusion is generically present in many-body, one-dimensional interacting quantum and classical integrable models. We extend the recently developed generalized hydrodynamic (GHD) to include terms of Navier-Stokes type, which leads to positive entropy production and diffusive relaxation mechanisms. These terms provide the subleading diffusive corrections to Euler-scale GHD for the large-scale nonequilibrium dynamics of integrable systems, and arise due to two-body scatterings among quasiparticles. We give exact expressions for the diffusion coefficients. Our results apply to a large class of integrable models, including quantum and classical, Galilean and relativistic field theories, chains, and gases in one dimension, such as the Lieb-Liniger model describing cold atom gases and the Heisenberg quantum spin chain. We provide numerical evaluations in the Heisenberg XXZ spin chain, both for the spin diffusion constant, and for the diffusive effects during the melting of a small domain wall of spins, finding excellent agreement with time-dependent density matrix renormalization group numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo De Nardis
- Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, CNRS, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Denis Bernard
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure de Paris, CNRS, ENS, PSL University & Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Doyon
- Department of Mathematics, King's College London, Strand WC2R 2LS London, United Kingdom
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50
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Wang B, Ünal FN, Eckardt A. Floquet Engineering of Optical Solenoids and Quantized Charge Pumping along Tailored Paths in Two-Dimensional Chern Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:243602. [PMID: 29956955 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.243602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The insertion of a local magnetic flux, as the one created by a thin solenoid, plays an important role in gedanken experiments of quantum Hall physics. By combining Floquet engineering of artificial magnetic fields with the ability of single-site addressing in quantum gas microscopes, we propose a scheme for the realization of such local solenoid-type magnetic fields in optical lattices. We show that it can be employed to manipulate and probe elementary excitations of a topological Chern insulator. This includes quantized adiabatic charge pumping along tailored paths inside the bulk, as well as the controlled population of edge modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Wang
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - F Nur Ünal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - André Eckardt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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