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Yasaka S, Yoshida Y, Tanaka Y, Nakamura Y, Kishida H, Kitagawa H, Maesato M. Electron Localization Induced by Disordered Anions in an Organic Conductor. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4196-4203. [PMID: 38377386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
We report on a new organic conductor κ″-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br (κ″-Br), which is the first polymorph of an organic superconductor κ-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br (κ-Br), where ET denotes bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene. κ″-Br has a similar κ-type arrangement of ET molecules to κ-Br, but, in contrast to the orthorhombic κ-Br, which has ordered polyanion chains, presents a monoclinic crystal structure with disordered polymeric anion chains. To elucidate the electronic state of κ″-Br, we performed band calculations as well as transport, magnetic, and optical measurements. The calculated band dispersion, magnitude of electron correlation, and room-temperature optical conductivity spectra of κ″-Br were comparable to those of κ-Br. Despite these similarities, the κ″-Br salt exhibited a semiconducting behavior. The electron spin resonance and Raman spectroscopies indicated that there is neither magnetic nor charge order in κ″-Br, suggesting the occurrence of Anderson localization due to disordered anion layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Yasaka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshida
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuto Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hideo Kishida
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Maesato
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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2
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Urai M, Miyagawa K, Watanabe Y, Zhilyaeva EI, Torunova SA, Lyubovskaya RN, Drichko N, Kanoda K. Anomalously field-susceptible spin clusters emerging in the electric-dipole liquid candidate κ-(ET) 2Hg(SCN) 2Br. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn1680. [PMID: 36542712 PMCID: PMC9771449 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mutual interactions in many-body systems bring about various exotic phases, among which liquid-like states failing to order due to frustration are of keen interest. The organic system with an anisotropic triangular lattice of molecular dimers, κ-(ET)2Hg(SCN)2Br, has been suggested to host a dipole liquid arising from intradimer charge-imbalance instability, possibly offering an unprecedented stage for the spin degrees of freedom. Here, we show that an extraordinary unordered/unfrozen spin state having soft matter-like spatiotemporal characteristics emerges in this system. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and magnetization measurements indicate that gigantic, staggered moments are nonlinearly and inhomogeneously induced by a magnetic field, whereas the moments vanish in the zero-field limit. The analysis of the NMR relaxation rate signifies that the moments fluctuate at a characteristic frequency slowing down to below megahertz at low temperatures. The inhomogeneity, local correlation, and slow dynamics indicative of middle-scale dynamical correlation length of several nanometers suggest novel frustration-driven spin clusterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Urai
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuta Watanabe
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Elena I. Zhilyaeva
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | | | | | - Natalia Drichko
- The Institute for Quantum Matter and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kazushi Kanoda
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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3
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Kenny EP, Jacko AC, Powell BJ. Tight-Binding Approach to Pyrazine-Mediated Superexchange in Copper-Pyrazine Antiferromagnets. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11907-11914. [PMID: 34310131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the cause of spatial superexchange anisotropy in a family of copper-based, quasi-two-dimensional materials with very similar geometries. The compounds in this family differ mainly in their inter-layer separation but they have very different magnetic interactions, even within the basal plane. We use density functional theory and Wannier functions to parameterize two complimentary tight-binding models and show that the superexchange between the Cu2+ ions is dominated by a σ-mediated interaction between hybrid Cu-pyrazine orbitals centered on the copper atoms. We find no correlations between the strength of this exchange interaction and homologous geometric features across the compounds, such as Cu and pyrazine bond lengths and orientations of nearby counterions. We find that the pyrazine tilt angles do not affect the Cu-pyrazine-Cu exchange because the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital on pyrazine is at a very high energy (relative to the frontier orbitals, which are Cu-based). We conclude that careful control of the entire crystal structure, including non-homologous geometric features such as the inter-layer organic ligands, is vital for engineering magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Kenny
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - A C Jacko
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - B J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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4
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Yamakawa H, Miyamoto T, Morimoto T, Takamura N, Liang S, Yoshimochi H, Terashige T, Kida N, Suda M, Yamamoto HM, Mori H, Miyagawa K, Kanoda K, Okamoto H. Terahertz-field-induced polar charge order in electronic-type dielectrics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:953. [PMID: 33574221 PMCID: PMC7878852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast electronic-phase change in solids by light, called photoinduced phase transition, is a central issue in the field of non-equilibrium quantum physics, which has been developed very recently. In most of those phenomena, charge or spin orders in an original phase are melted by photocarrier generations, while an ordered state is usually difficult to be created from a non-ordered state by a photoexcitation. Here, we demonstrate that a strong terahertz electric-field pulse changes a Mott insulator of an organic molecular compound in κ-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Cl (ET = bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene), to a macroscopically polarized charge-order state; herein, electronic ferroelectricity is induced by the collective intermolecular charge transfers in each dimer. In contrast, in an isostructural compound, κ-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3, which shows the spin-liquid state at low temperatures, a similar polar charge order is not stabilized by the same terahertz pulse. From the comparative studies of terahertz-field-induced second-harmonic-generation and reflectivity changes in the two compounds, we suggest the possibility that a coupling of charge and spin degrees of freedom would play important roles in the stabilization of polar charge order.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yamakawa
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
| | - T Morimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - N Takamura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - S Liang
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - H Yoshimochi
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, 113-8656, Japan
| | - T Terashige
- AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operand-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Chiba, 277-8589, Japan
| | - N Kida
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - M Suda
- Division of Functional Molecular Systems, Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - H M Yamamoto
- Division of Functional Molecular Systems, Research Center of Integrative Molecular Systems (CIMoS), Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
| | - H Mori
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8581, Japan
| | - K Miyagawa
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, 113-8656, Japan
| | - K Kanoda
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, 113-8656, Japan
| | - H Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan. .,AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operand-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Chiba, 277-8589, Japan.
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Huang Y, Wolowiec C, Zhu T, Hu Y, An L, Li Z, Grossman JC, Schuller IK, Ren S. Emerging Magnetic Interactions in van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:7852-7859. [PMID: 33054240 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vertical van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures based on layered materials are attracting interest as a new class of quantum materials, where interfacial charge-transfer coupling can give rise to fascinating strongly correlated phenomena. Transition metal chalcogenides are a particularly exciting material family, including ferromagnetic semiconductors, multiferroics, and superconductors. Here, we report the growth of an organic-inorganic heterostructure by intercalating molecular electron donating bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene into (Li,Fe)OHFeSe, a layered material in which the superconducting ground state results from the intercalation of hydroxide layer. Molecular intercalation in this heterostructure induces a transformation from a paramagnetic to spin-glass-like state that is sensitive to the stoichiometry of molecular donor and an applied magnetic field. Besides, electron-donating molecules reduce the electrical resistivity in the heterostructure and modify its response to laser illumination. This hybrid heterostructure provides a promising platform to study emerging magnetic and electronic behaviors in strongly correlated layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Huang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Christian Wolowiec
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Taishan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Lu An
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ivan K Schuller
- Department of Physics and Center for Advanced Nanoscience, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- Research and Education in Energy, Environment, and Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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6
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Zhilyaeva E, Shilov G, Torunova S, Akimov A, Tokarev S, Konarev D, Flakina A, Lyubovskii R, Aldoshin S, Lyubovskaya R. Structure and properties of ET charge transfer salts with cobalt(II)/zinc(II) anion networks templated by urea. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Broholm C, Cava RJ, Kivelson SA, Nocera DG, Norman MR, Senthil T. Quantum spin liquids. Science 2020; 367:367/6475/eaay0668. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Broholm
- Institute for Quantum Matter and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - R. J. Cava
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - S. A. Kivelson
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - D. G. Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - M. R. Norman
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - T. Senthil
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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8
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Hu Y, Zhong G, Guan YS, Armstrong JN, Li C, Liu C, N'Diaye A, Bhattacharya A, Ren S. Strongly Correlated Aromatic Molecular Conductor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1900299. [PMID: 30786158 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201900299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Strongly correlated electronic molecules open the way for strong coupling between charge, spin, and lattice degrees of freedom to enable interdisciplinary fields, such as molecular electronic switches and plasmonics, spintronics, information storage, and superconducting circuits. However, despite exciting computational predictions and promising advantages to prepare flexible geometries, the electron correlation effect in molecules has been elusive. Here, the electron correlation effects of molecular plasmonic films are reported to uncover their coupling of charge, spin, lattice, and orbital for the switchable metal-to-insulator transition under external stimuli, at which the simultaneous transition occurs from the paramagnetic, electrical, and thermal conducting state to the diamagnetic, electrical, and thermal insulating state. In addition, density functional theory calculation and spectroscopic studies are combined to provide the mechanistic understanding of electronic transitions and molecular plasmon resonance observed in molecular conducting films. The self-assembled molecular correlated conductor paves the way for the next generation integrated micro/nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ying-Shi Guan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jason N Armstrong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Changning Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Changjiang Liu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Alpha N'Diaye
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anand Bhattacharya
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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9
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Hu Y, Zhong G, Guan YS, Lee NH, Zhang Y, Li Y, Mitchell T, Armstrong JN, Benedict J, Hla SW, Ren S. Alkali-Metal-Intercalated Percolation Network Regulates Self-Assembled Electronic Aromatic Molecules. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1807178. [PMID: 30680821 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201807178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the continuously growing field of correlated electronic molecular crystals, there is significant interest in addressing alkali-metal-intercalated aromatic hydrocarbons, in which the possibility of high-temperature superconductivity emerges. However, searching for superconducting aromatic molecular crystals remains elusive due to their small shielding fraction volume. To exploit this potential, a design principle for percolation networks of technologically important film geometry is indispensable. Here the effect of potassium-intercalation is shown on the percolation network in self-assembled aromatic molecular crystals. It is demonstrated that one-dimensional (1D) dipole pairs, induced by dipole interaction, regulate the conductivity, as well as the electronic and optical transitions, in alkali-metal-intercalated molecular electronic crystals. A solid-solution growth methodology of aromatic molecular films with a broad range of stability is developed to uncover electronic and optical transitions of technological importance. The light-induced electron interactions enhance the charge-carrier itinerancy, leading to a switchable metal-to-insulator transition. This discovery opens a route for the development of aromatic molecular electronic solids and long-term modulation of electronic efficacy in nanotechnologically important thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Guohua Zhong
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ying-Shi Guan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Nam Hoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Travis Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jason N Armstrong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Jason Benedict
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Saw-Wai Hla
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Nanoscience and Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Shenqiang Ren
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Research and Education in Energy, Environment & Water (RENEW) Institute, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
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10
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Dunnett K, Zhu JX, Spaldin NA, Juričić V, Balatsky AV. Dynamic Multiferroicity of a Ferroelectric Quantum Critical Point. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:057208. [PMID: 30822032 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.057208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Quantum matter hosts a large variety of phases, some coexisting, some competing; when two or more orders occur together, they are often entangled and cannot be separated. Dynamical multiferroicity, where fluctuations of electric dipoles lead to magnetization, is an example where the two orders are impossible to disentangle. Here we demonstrate an elevated magnetic response of a ferroelectric near the ferroelectric quantum critical point (FE QCP), since magnetic fluctuations are entangled with ferroelectric fluctuations. We thus suggest that any ferroelectric quantum critical point is an inherent multiferroic quantum critical point. We calculate the magnetic susceptibility near the FE QCP and find a region with enhanced magnetic signatures near the FE QCP and controlled by the tuning parameter of the ferroelectric phase. The effect is small but observable-we propose quantum paraelectric strontium titanate as a candidate material where the magnitude of the induced magnetic moments can be ∼5×10^{-7} μ_{B} per unit cell near the FE QCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dunnett
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J-X Zhu
- T-4 and CINT, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N A Spaldin
- Materials Theory, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - V Juričić
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A V Balatsky
- Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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11
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Abstract
Heat capacity and Raman experiments point to fractionalized excitations in a dipole liquid
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
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