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Shipley ON, Olin JA, Scott C, Camhi M, Frisk MG. Emerging human-shark conflicts in the New York Bight: A call for expansive science and management. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 103:1538-1542. [PMID: 37632707 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent spikes in interactions between humans and sharks in the New York Bight have sparked widespread reporting of possible causalities, many of which lack empirical support. Here we comment on the current state of knowledge regarding shark biology and management in New York waters emphasizing that the possible drivers of increased human-shark interactions are confounded by a lack of historical monitoring data. We outline several key research avenues that should be considered to ensure the safe and sustainable coexistence of humans, sharks, and their prey, in an era of accelerated environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver N Shipley
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Jill A Olin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Great Lakes Research Center, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Scott
- Division of Marine Resources, New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Merry Camhi
- New York Seascape Program, New York Aquarium, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Michael G Frisk
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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2
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Mucientes G, Fernández‐Chacón A, Queiroz N, Sims DW, Villegas‐Ríos D. Juvenile survival and movements of two threatened oceanic sharks in the North Atlantic Ocean inferred from tag-recovery data. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10198. [PMID: 37351477 PMCID: PMC10283031 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding population dynamics, movements, and fishing mortality is critical to establish effective shark conservation measures across international boundaries in the ocean. There are few survival and dispersal estimates of juveniles of oceanic shark species in the North Atlantic despite it being one of the most fished regions in the world. Here we provide estimates of dispersal, survival, and proportion of fishing mortality in the North Atlantic for two threatened oceanic sharks: the blue shark (Prionace glauca) and the shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Our results are based on multi-event models applied to tag-recovery data of 700 blue sharks and 132 shortfin makos tagged over a decade. A total of 60 blue sharks (8.57% of tagged) and 30 makos (22.73%) were recovered by the longline fishery between 2009 and 2017. Tag-reporting rate (percentage of returned information when a tagged shark was caught) was estimated to be high (0.794 ± 0.232 SE). Mean annual survival, as predicted from the models, was higher for blue shark (0.835 ± 0.040 SE) than for shortfin mako (0.618 ± 0.189 SE). Models predicted that fishing caused more than a half of total mortality in the study area for both species (0.576 ± 0.209), and more than a third of tagged individuals dispersed from the study area permanently (0.359 ± 0.073). Our findings, focused mainly on juveniles from oceanic areas, contribute to a better understanding of shark population dynamics in the North Atlantic and highlight the need for further conservation measures for both blue shark and shortfin mako, such as implementing efficient bycatch mitigation measures and static/dynamic time-area closures in the open ocean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Mucientes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM‐CSIC)VigoSpain
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado (CIBIO‐InBIO)Universidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
| | - Albert Fernández‐Chacón
- Department of Natural Sciences, Centre for Coastal ResearchUniversity of AgderKristiansandNorway
- North Atlantic Marine Mammal CommissionTromsøNorway
| | - Nuno Queiroz
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado (CIBIO‐InBIO)Universidade do PortoVairãoPortugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOVairãoPortugal
| | - David W. Sims
- Marine Biological AssociationPlymouthUK
- Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre SouthamptonUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - David Villegas‐Ríos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM‐CSIC)VigoSpain
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3
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Vedor M, Queiroz N, Mucientes G, Couto A, Costa ID, Santos AD, Vandeperre F, Fontes J, Afonso P, Rosa R, Humphries NE, Sims DW. Climate-driven deoxygenation elevates fishing vulnerability for the ocean's widest ranging shark. eLife 2021; 10:62508. [PMID: 33461659 PMCID: PMC7815312 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate-driven expansions of ocean hypoxic zones are predicted to concentrate pelagic fish in oxygenated surface layers, but how expanding hypoxia and fisheries will interact to affect threatened pelagic sharks remains unknown. Here, analysis of satellite-tracked blue sharks and environmental modelling in the eastern tropical Atlantic oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) shows shark maximum dive depths decreased due to combined effects of decreasing dissolved oxygen (DO) at depth, high sea surface temperatures, and increased surface-layer net primary production. Multiple factors associated with climate-driven deoxygenation contributed to blue shark vertical habitat compression, potentially increasing their vulnerability to surface fisheries. Greater intensity of longline fishing effort occurred above the OMZ compared to adjacent waters. Higher shark catches were associated with strong DO gradients, suggesting potential aggregation along suitable DO gradients contributed to habitat compression and higher fishing-induced mortality. Fisheries controls to counteract deoxygenation effects on shark catches will be needed as oceans continue warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa Vedor
- CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.,MARE, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Nuno Queiroz
- CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.,Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gonzalo Mucientes
- CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - Ana Couto
- CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Ivo da Costa
- CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - António Dos Santos
- CIBIO/InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Frederic Vandeperre
- IMAR - Institute of Marine Research, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.,MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Okeanos - Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Jorge Fontes
- IMAR - Institute of Marine Research, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.,Okeanos - Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Pedro Afonso
- IMAR - Institute of Marine Research, Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal.,Okeanos - Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas, Universidade dos Açores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Rui Rosa
- MARE, Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Nossa Senhora do Cabo, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Nicolas E Humphries
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - David W Sims
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, United Kingdom.,Centre for Biological Sciences, Highfield Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Waterfront Campus, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Corrigan S, Lowther AD, Beheregaray LB, Bruce BD, Cliff G, Duffy CA, Foulis A, Francis MP, Goldsworthy SD, Hyde JR, Jabado RW, Kacev D, Marshall L, Mucientes GR, Naylor GJP, Pepperell JG, Queiroz N, White WT, Wintner SP, Rogers PJ. Population Connectivity of the Highly Migratory Shortfin Mako (Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque 1810) and Implications for Management in the Southern Hemisphere. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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