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Yuan H, Li F, Jia L, Guo T, Kong T, Meng T. Bacteria-Inspired Aqueous-in-Aqueous Compartmentalization by In Situ Interfacial Biomineralization. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201309. [PMID: 36549693 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentalization is essential for living cells to orchestrate their biological processes with controlled external influences. Thus, compartmentalization has been a constant theme for cell-mimicking materials. Despite recent advances in engineering compartmentalized materials as synthetic cells and organelles, it remains difficult to produce robust and well-ordered compartments with secluded environments in aqueous surroundings. Nature creates hierarchically ordered compartmentalized materials by utilizing bio-catalyzed mineralization, inspired by which, mechanically robust all-aqueous compartments are developed by engineering a mild biomimetic mineralization at aqueous/aqueous interfaces. The enzyme-induced biomineralization generates a layer of densely-packed particles, acting as an armor to enclose aqueous interiors. This strategy of in situ bio-synthesized compartments is different from current strategies, where compartments are constructed by randomly adsorbed particles at interface, leading to inadequately controlled properties of compartments. To demonstrate the robustness and adaptiveness of the in situ bio-synthesized all-aqueous compartments, these are utilized as drug delivery materials by sequestering protein drugs at their aqueous interiors and releasing when exposing to gastric environments. The study provides new ways to fabricate compartmentalized materials with well-defined properties, unlocking routes to the next generation of self-assembled materials and structures by integrating aqueous two-phase systems with biomineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yuan
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Lufan Jia
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Ting Guo
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Kong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Tao Meng
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, P. R. China
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Yang CY, Bialecka-Fornal M, Weatherwax C, Larkin JW, Prindle A, Liu J, Garcia-Ojalvo J, Süel GM. Encoding Membrane-Potential-Based Memory within a Microbial Community. Cell Syst 2020; 10:417-423.e3. [PMID: 32343961 PMCID: PMC7286314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular membrane potential plays a key role in the formation and retrieval of memories in the metazoan brain, but it remains unclear whether such memory can also be encoded in simpler organisms like bacteria. Here, we show that single-cell-level memory patterns can be imprinted in bacterial biofilms by light-induced changes in the membrane potential. We demonstrate that transient optical perturbations generate a persistent and robust potassium-channel-mediated change in the membrane potential of bacteria within the biofilm. The light-exposed cells respond in an anti-phase manner, relative to unexposed cells, to both natural and induced oscillations in extracellular ion concentrations. This anti-phase response, which persists for hours following the transient optical stimulus, enables a direct single-cell resolution visualization of spatial memory patterns within the biofilm. The ability to encode robust and persistent membrane-potential-based memory patterns could enable computations within prokaryotic communities and suggests a parallel between neurons and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Yang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Pacific Hall Room 2225B, Mail Code 0347, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maja Bialecka-Fornal
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Pacific Hall Room 2225B, Mail Code 0347, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Colleen Weatherwax
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Pacific Hall Room 2225B, Mail Code 0347, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joseph W Larkin
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Pacific Hall Room 2225B, Mail Code 0347, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Arthur Prindle
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Pacific Hall Room 2225B, Mail Code 0347, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jintao Liu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Pacific Hall Room 2225B, Mail Code 0347, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Infectious Diseases Research and Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Jordi Garcia-Ojalvo
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Gürol M Süel
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Pacific Hall Room 2225B, Mail Code 0347, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; San Diego Center for Systems Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0380, USA.
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Kato Y. Extremely Low Leakage Expression Systems Using Dual Transcriptional-Translational Control for Toxic Protein Production. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030705. [PMID: 31973139 PMCID: PMC7037476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression systems for highly toxic protein genes must be conditional and suppress leakage expression to almost zero because even faint leakage expression may kill host cells, inhibit host growth, and cause loss of plasmids containing the toxic protein genes. The most widely used conditional expression systems are controlled only at the transcriptional level, and complete suppression of leakage expression is challenging. Recent progress on translational control has enabled construction of dual transcriptional-translational control systems in which leakage expression is strongly suppressed. This review summarizes the principles, features, and practical examples of dual transcriptional-translational control systems in bacteria, and provides future perspectives on these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kato
- Division of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Oowashi 1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan
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