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Hong S, Gan Y, Liu D, Yu T, Zhou H, Li H, Liu F, Yin P. A novel NIR fluorescent probe for visualizing hydrogen sulfide in Alzheimer's disease. Analyst 2024; 149:4370-4377. [PMID: 39023002 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00819g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents a devastating form of neurodegeneration, hallmarked by a relentless erosion of memory and cognitive faculties. One key player in this complex pathology is hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gaseous neurotransmitter that is highly concentrated in the brain. Its fluctuating levels have been compellingly linked to the onset and progression of AD. Despite the availability of numerous fluorescent probes for detecting H2S, targeted imaging of this neurotransmitter within AD models remains underexplored. To bridge this gap, we have engineered an innovative near-infrared (NIR) "turn-on" fluorescent probe, designated as probe 1. Crafted around a dicyanoisophorone scaffold, the probe incorporates a strategic methoxy modification to facilitate a bathochromic spectral shift. Impressively, upon binding with H2S, probe 1 exhibited a robust 46-fold enhancement in fluorescence at a wavelength of 680 nm. We successfully deployed this probe to visualize both exogenous and endogenous H2S in living cells and zebrafish. Further, our pathogenic investigations have corroborated that diminished H2S levels are intricately linked to an escalation in amyloid plaque formation. Most crucially, we employed probe 1 to capture real-time images of H2S concentrations within the hippocampal tissue of AD mouse models. This revealed a significant depletion in H2S levels, thereby underscoring the probe's immense potential as an effective tool for the diagnosis and prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Hong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Yabing Gan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Dian Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Huijun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Urology, Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
| | - Peng Yin
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, P. R. China.
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2
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Han Z, Zhang L, Ma M, Keshavarzi M. Effects of MicroRNAs and Long Non-coding RNAs on Beneficial Action of Exercise on Cognition in Degenerative Diseases: A Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04292-4. [PMID: 38869810 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has exposed a growing body of proof underscoring the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in maintaining the physical composition of neurons and influencing cognitive functioning in both standard and atypical circumstances. Extensive research has been conducted on the possible application of miRNAs and lncRNAs as biomarkers for various diseases, with a particular focus on brain disorders, as they possess remarkable durability in cell-free surroundings and can endure repeated freezing and thawing processes. It is intriguing to note that miRNAs and lncRNAs have the ability to function through paracrine mechanisms, thereby playing a role in communication between different organs. Recent research has proposed that the improvement of cognitive abilities through physical exercise in mentally healthy individuals is a valuable method for uncovering potential connections between miRNAs, or microRNAs, and lncRNAs, and human cognitive function. The process of cross-correlating data from disease models and patients with existing data will be crucial in identifying essential miRNAs and lncRNAs, which can potentially act as biomarkers or drug targets in the treatment of cognitive disorders. By combining this method with additional research in animal models, we can determine the function of these molecules and their potential impact on therapy. This article discusses the latest research about the primary miRNAs, lncRNAs, and their exosomes that are affected by physical activity in terms of human cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Han
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, Capital University Of Physical Education And Sports, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Minhang Ma
- Department of Physical Education, Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maryam Keshavarzi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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3
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Zhang M, Zheng H, He J, Zhang M. Network pharmacology and in vivo studies reveal the neuroprotective effects of paeoniflorin on Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21800. [PMID: 38027768 PMCID: PMC10661068 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that has still not been effectively treated. Paeoniflorin is a traditional Chinese medicine with potential neuroprotective effects against brain injury; however, the beneficial effects and mechanisms of action in AD have not been clarified. We aimed to explore the mechanisms of action of paeoniflorin in AD using network pharmacology and experimental validation. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 30 candidate targets through the intersection of the targets of paeoniflorin and related genes in AD, which were mainly enriched in oxidative stress and inflammation. Moreover, key targets of paeoniflorin against AD, namely Nrf2 (encoded by NFE2L2) and TLR4, were screened and found to be closely related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Subsequent in vivo experiments revealed that paeoniflorin treatment improved the cognition of APP/PS1 mice by ameliorating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which were associated with the upregulation of Nrf2 and HO1, and the downregulation of TLR4. Collectively, the present study demonstrates that paeoniflorin alleviates cognitive impairment in AD by regulating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and that Nrf2, HO1, and TLR4 could be key targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jiale He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital), Anhui, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Huainan First People's Hospital), Anhui, China
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4
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Tzioras M, McGeachan RI, Durrant CS, Spires-Jones TL. Synaptic degeneration in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:19-38. [PMID: 36513730 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-022-00749-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline in older individuals accompanied by the presence of two pathological protein aggregates - amyloid-β and phosphorylated tau - in the brain. The disease results in brain atrophy caused by neuronal loss and synapse degeneration. Synaptic loss strongly correlates with cognitive decline in both humans and animal models of AD. Indeed, evidence suggests that soluble forms of amyloid-β and tau can cause synaptotoxicity and spread through neural circuits. These pathological changes are accompanied by an altered phenotype in the glial cells of the brain - one hypothesis is that glia excessively ingest synapses and modulate the trans-synaptic spread of pathology. To date, effective therapies for the treatment or prevention of AD are lacking, but understanding how synaptic degeneration occurs will be essential for the development of new interventions. Here, we highlight the mechanisms through which synapses degenerate in the AD brain, and discuss key questions that still need to be answered. We also cover the ways in which our understanding of the mechanisms of synaptic degeneration is leading to new therapeutic approaches for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makis Tzioras
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert I McGeachan
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,The Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire S Durrant
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. .,UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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5
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Bhuiyan P, Chen Y, Karim M, Dong H, Qian Y. Bidirectional communication between mast cells and the gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases: Avenues for therapeutic intervention. Brain Res Bull 2021; 172:61-78. [PMID: 33892083 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although the global incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has been steadily increasing, especially in adults, there are no effective therapeutic interventions. Neurodegeneration is a heterogeneous group of disorders that is characterized by the activation of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) (e.g., mast cells and microglia) and subsequent neuroinflammation. Mast cells are found in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract and play a role in "tuning" neuroimmune responses. The complex bidirectional communication between mast cells and gut microbiota coordinates various dynamic neuro-cellular responses, which propagates neuronal impulses from the gastrointestinal tract into the CNS. Numerous inflammatory mediators from degranulated mast cells alter intestinal gut permeability and disrupt blood-brain barrier, which results in the promotion of neuroinflammatory processes leading to neurological disorders, thereby offsetting the balance in immune-surveillance. Emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that gut-microbiota exert a pivotal role in inflammatory signaling through the activation of immune and inflammatory cells. Communication between inflammatory cytokines and neurocircuits via the gut-brain axis (GBA) affects behavioral responses, activates mast cells and microglia that causes neuroinflammation, which is associated with neurological diseases. In this comprehensive review, we focus on what is currently known about mast cells and the gut-brain axis relationship, and how this relationship is connected to neurodegenerative diseases. We hope that further elucidating the bidirectional communication between mast cells and the GBA will not only stimulate future research on neurodegenerative diseases but will also identify new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Yinan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China
| | - Mazharul Karim
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Science, 309 East 2nd Street, Pomona, CA, 91766, USA
| | - Hongquan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
| | - Yanning Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, PR China.
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Bhore N, Wang BJ, Wu PF, Lee YL, Chen YW, Hsu WM, Lee H, Huang YS, Yang DI, Liao YF. Dual-Specificity Phosphatase 15 (DUSP15) Modulates Notch Signaling by Enhancing the Stability of Notch Protein. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2204-2214. [PMID: 33417224 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) comprise a unique group of enzymes that dephosphorylate signaling proteins at both phospho-serine/threonine and phospho-tyrosine residues. Since Notch signaling is an essential pathway for neuronal cell fate determination and development that is also upregulated in Alzheimer's disease tissues, we sought to explore whether and how DUSPs may impact Notch processing. Our results show that overexpression of DUSP15 concomitantly and dose-dependently increased the steady-state levels of recombinant Notch (extracellular domain-truncated Notch, NotchΔE) protein and its cleaved product, Notch intracellular domain (NICD). The overall ratio of NotchΔE to NICD was unchanged by overexpression of DUSP15, suggesting that the effect is independent of γ-secretase. Interestingly, overexpression of DUSP15 also dose-dependently increased phosphorylated ERK1/2. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 is known to be positively correlated with Notch protein level, and we found that DUSP15-mediated regulation of Notch was dependent on ERK1/2 activity. Together, our findings reveal the existence of a previously unidentified DUSP15-ERK1/2-Notch signaling axis, which could potentially play a role in neuronal differentiation and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Bhore
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, ICOB 238, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Jeng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, ICOB 238, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Po-Fan Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, ICOB 238, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lurk Lee
- TIGP in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Wen Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, ICOB 238, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ming Hsu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,TIGP in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-I Yang
- Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Liao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, ICOB 238, 128 Sec. 2 Academia Rd, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan. .,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Cheng Kung University, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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7
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Zhang ZY, Zhang CH, Yang JJ, Xu PP, Yi PJ, Hu ML, Peng WJ. Genome-wide analysis of hippocampal transfer RNA-derived small RNAs identifies new potential therapeutic targets of Bushen Tiansui formula against Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 19:135-143. [PMID: 33334712 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bushen Tiansui formula (BSTSF), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain largely unknown. In this study, a rat AD model was used to study the effects of BSTSF on cognitive performance and expression of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in the hippocampus, to determine whether treatment of AD with BSTSF could regulate the expression of tsRNAs, a novel small non-coding RNA. METHODS To generate a validated AD model, oligomeric amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42) was injected intracerebroventricularly into rats. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was used to evaluate rat cognitive performance, and tsRNA-sequencing was conducted to examine tsRNA expression in the rat hippocampus. Potential targets were validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to investigate the biological function of candidate tsRNAs. RESULTS The learning and memory deficits of Aβ1-42-induced AD rats, assessed by MWM tests, were clearly ameliorated by BSTSF treatment. A total of 387 tsRNAs were detected in the rat hippocampus. Among them, 13 were significantly dysregulated in AD rats compared with sham control rats, while 57 were markedly altered by BSTSF treatment, relative to untreated AD rats (fold change ≥ 2 and P < 0.05). Moreover, six BSTSF treatment-related tsRNAs were identified and validated by qRT-PCR. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that the six treatment-related tsRNAs had potential therapeutic roles, via multiple signaling pathways and Gene Ontology biological functions, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. CONCLUSION This study identified a previously uncharacterized mechanism underlying the effects of BSTSF in alleviating the learning and memory deficits in Aβ1-42-induced AD rats, demonstrating that tsRNAs are potential therapeutic targets of BSTSF in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Yu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Chun-Hu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan Province, China
| | - Pan-Pan Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Peng-Ji Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Mu-Li Hu
- Department of Scientific Research, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wei-Jun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan Province, China.
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Swenson S, Blum K, McLaughlin T, Gold MS, Thanos PK. The therapeutic potential of exercise for neuropsychiatric diseases: A review. J Neurol Sci 2020; 412:116763. [PMID: 32305746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have a myriad of health benefits. There is much to be learned from the effects of exercise and its potential for prevention, attenuation and treatment of multiple neuropsychiatric diseases and behavioral disorders. Furthermore, recent data and research on exercise benefits with respect to major health crises, such as, that of opioid and general substance use disorders, make it very important to better understand and review the mechanisms of exercise and how it could be utilized for effective treatments or adjunct treatments for these diseases. In addition, mechanisms, epigenetics and sex differences are examined and discussed in terms of future research implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Swenson
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Western Univesity Health Sciences, Graduate College, Pomona, CA, USA
| | | | - Mark S Gold
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Panayotis K Thanos
- Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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9
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Zhang Z, Yi P, Yang J, Huang J, Xu P, Hu M, Zhang C, Wang B, Peng W. Integrated network pharmacology analysis and serum metabolomics to reveal the cognitive improvement effect of Bushen Tiansui formula on Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 249:112371. [PMID: 31683034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bushen Tiansui Formula (BSTSF) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used clinically to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) for many years. Previously, we have partially elucidated the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of BSTSF on AD. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to further investigate the therapeutic effects of BSTSF on AD using an integrated strategy of network pharmacology and serum metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat models of AD were established using Aβ 1-42 injection, and morris water maze test was used to evaluate the efficacy of BSTSF on AD. Next, network pharmacology analysis was applied to identify the active compounds and target genes, which might be responsible for the effect of BSTSF. Then, a metabolomics strategy has been developed to find the possible significant serum metabolites and metabolic pathway induced by BSTSF. Additionally, two parts of the results were integrated to confirm each other. RESULTS The results of the network pharmacology analysis showed 37 compounds and 64 potential target genes related to the treatment of AD with BSTSF. The functional enrichment analysis indicated that the potential mechanism was mainly associated with the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway. Based on metabolomics, 78 differential endogenous metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers related to the BSTSF for treating AD. These metabolites were mainly involved in the relevant pathways of linoleic acid metabolism, α-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. These findings were partly consistent with the findings of the network pharmacology analysis. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results solidly supported and enhanced out current understanding of the therapeutic effects of BSTSF on AD. Meanwhile, our work revealed that the proposed network pharmacology-integrated metabolomics strategy was a powerful means for identifying active components and mechanisms contributing to the pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Pengji Yi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Hunan Academy of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Panpan Xu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Muli Hu
- Department of Scientific Research, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Chunhu Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Weijun Peng
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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10
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Pelizzari L, Laganà MM, Rossetto F, Bergsland N, Galli M, Baselli G, Clerici M, Nemni R, Baglio F. Cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular reactivity correlate with severity of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419838354. [PMID: 30923574 PMCID: PMC6431769 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419838354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is mainly characterized by movement dysfunction. Neurovascular unit (NVU) disruption has been proposed to be involved in the disease, but its role in PD neurodegenerative mechanisms is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) within the regions belonging to the motor network, in patients with mild to moderate stages of PD. METHODS Twenty-eight PD patients (66.6 ± 8.6 years, 22 males, median [interquartile range, IQR] Hoehn & Yahr = 1.5 [1-1.9]) and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were scanned with arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for CBF assessment. ASL MRI was also acquired in hypercapnic conditions to induce vasodilation and subsequently allow for CVR measurement in a subgroup of 13 PD patients and 13 HCs. Median CBF and CVR were extracted from cortical and subcortical regions belonging to the motor network and compared between PD patients and HCs. In addition, the correlation between these parameters and the severity of PD motor symptoms [quantified with Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS III)] was assessed. The false discovery rate (FDR) method was used to correct for multiple comparisons. RESULTS No significant differences in terms of CBF and CVR were found between PD patients and HCs. Positive significant correlations were observed between CBF and UPDRS III within the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, supplementary motor area, striatum, pallidum, thalamus, red nucleus, and substantia nigra (pFDR < 0.05). Conversely, significant negative correlation between CVR and UPDRS III was found in the corpus striatum (pFDR < 0.05). CONCLUSION CBF and CVR assessment provides information about NVU integrity in an indirect and noninvasive way. Our findings support the hypothesis of NVU involvement at the mild to moderate stages of PD, suggesting that CBF and CVR within the motor network might be used as either diagnostic or prognostic markers for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Niels Bergsland
- IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Buffalo Neuroimaging Analysis Center, Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mirco Galli
- IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Baselli
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaello Nemni
- IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
- Department of Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Baglio
- IRCCS, Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, CADiTeR, Via Alfonso Capecelatro 66, Milan, Italy
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