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Marash I, Leibman-Markus M, Gupta R, Israeli A, Teboul N, Avni A, Ori N, Bar M. Abolishing ARF8A activity promotes disease resistance in tomato. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 343:112064. [PMID: 38492890 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Auxin response factors (ARFs) are a family of transcription factors that regulate auxin-dependent developmental processes. Class A ARFs function as activators of auxin-responsive gene expression in the presence of auxin, while acting as transcriptional repressors in its absence. Despite extensive research on the functions of ARF transcription factors in plant growth and development, the extent, and mechanisms of their involvement in plant resistance, remain unknown. We have previously reported that mutations in the tomato AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR8 (ARF8) genes SlARF8A and SlARF8B result in the decoupling of fruit development from pollination and fertilization, leading to partial or full parthenocarpy and increased yield under extreme temperatures. Here, we report that fine-tuning of SlARF8 activity results in increased resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens. This resistance is mostly preserved under fluctuating temperatures. Thus, fine-tuning SlARF8 activity may be a potent strategy for increasing overall growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftah Marash
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel; School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
| | - Alon Israeli
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Naama Teboul
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adi Avni
- School of Plant Science and Food Security, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Naomi Ori
- Institute of Plant Science and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
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Qi G, Chen H, Wang D, Zheng H, Tang X, Guo Z, Cheng J, Chen J, Wang Y, Bai MY, Liu F, Wang D, Fu ZQ. The BZR1-EDS1 module regulates plant growth-defense coordination. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:2072-2087. [PMID: 34416351 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Plants have developed sophisticated strategies to coordinate growth and immunity, but our understanding of the underlying mechanism remains limited. In this study, we identified a novel molecular module that regulates plant growth and defense in both compatible and incompatible infections. This module consisted of BZR1, a key transcription factor in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, and EDS1, an essential positive regulator of plant innate immunity. We found that EDS1 interacts with BZR1 and suppresses its transcriptional activities. Consistently, upregulation of EDS1 function by a virulent Pseudomonas syringae strain or salicylic acid treatment inhibited BZR1-regulated expression of BR-responsive genes and BR-promoted growth. Furthermore, we showed that the cytoplasmic fraction of BZR1 positively regulates effector-triggered immunity (ETI) controlled by the TIR-NB-LRR protein RPS4, which is attenuated by BZR1's nuclear translocation. Mechanistically, cytoplasmic BZR1 facilitated AvrRps4-triggered dissociation of EDS1 and RPS4 by binding to EDS1, thus leading to efficient activation of RPS4-controlled ETI. Notably, transgenic expression of a mutant BZR1 that accumulates exclusively in the cytoplasm improved pathogen resistance without compromising plant growth. Collectively, these results shed new light on plant growth-defense coordination and reveal a previously unknown function for the cytoplasmic fraction of BZR1. The BZR1-EDS1 module may be harnessed for the simultaneous improvement of crop productivity and pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Dian Wang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hongyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xianfeng Tang
- Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Zhengzheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jiayu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, 266237 Qingdao, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Agronomy, and Center for Crop Genome Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Zheng Qing Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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Li Q, Shah N, Zhou X, Wang H, Yu W, Luo J, Liu Y, Li G, Liu C, Zhang C, Chen P. Identification of Micro Ribonucleic Acids and Their Targets in Response to Plasmodiophora brassicae Infection in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:734419. [PMID: 34777417 PMCID: PMC8585624 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.734419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Clubroot disease, which is caused by the soil-borne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae War (P. brassicae), is one of the oldest and most destructive diseases of Brassica and cruciferous crops in the world. Plant microRNAs [micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs)] play important regulatory roles in several developmental processes. Although the role of plant miRNAs in plant-microbe interaction has been extensively studied, there are only few reports on the specific functions of miRNAs in response to P. brassicae. This study investigated the roles of miRNAs and their targets during P. brassicae infection in a pair of Brassica napus near-isogenic lines (NILs), namely clubroot-resistant line 409R and clubroot-susceptible line 409S. Small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) and degradome-seq were performed on root samples of 409R and 409S with or without P. brassicae inoculation. sRNA-seq identified a total of 48 conserved and 72 novel miRNAs, among which 18 had a significant differential expression in the root of 409R, while only one miRNA was differentially expressed in the root of 409S after P. brassicae inoculation. The degradome-seq analysis identified 938 miRNA target transcripts, which are transcription factors, enzymes, and proteins involved in multiple biological processes and most significantly enriched in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Between 409R and 409S, we found eight different degradation pathways in response to P. brassicae infection, such as those related to fatty acids. By combining published transcriptome data, we identified a total of six antagonistic miRNA-target pairs in 409R that are responsive to P. brassicae infection and involved in pathways associated with root development, hypersensitive cell death, and chloroplast metabolic synthesis. Our results reveal that P. brassicae infection leads to great changes in miRNA pool and target transcripts. More interestingly, these changes are different between 409R and 409S. Clarification of the crosstalk between miRNAs and their targets may shed new light on the possible mechanisms underlying the pathogen resistance against P. brassicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Nadil Shah
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xueqing Zhou
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenlin Yu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajie Luo
- Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Linxiang, Lincang, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Lincang, Lincang, China
| | - Genze Li
- Industrial Crops Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Cui C, Wang JJ, Zhao JH, Fang YY, He XF, Guo HS, Duan CG. A Brassica miRNA Regulates Plant Growth and Immunity through Distinct Modes of Action. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:231-245. [PMID: 31794845 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, high disease resistance often results in a reduction of yield. Therefore, breeding crops with balanced yield and disease resistance has become a major challenge. Recently, microRNA (miRNA)-mediated R gene turnover has been shown to be a protective mechanism used by plants to prevent autoimmunity in the absence of pathogens. However, whether these miRNAs play a role in plant growth and how miRNA-mediated R gene turnover responds to pathogen infection have rarely been explored. Here, we found that a Brassica miRNA, miR1885, targets both an immune receptor gene and a development-related gene for negative regulation through distinct modes of action. MiR1885 directly silences the TIR-NBS-LRR class of R gene BraTNL1 but represses the expression of the photosynthesis-related gene BraCP24 by targeting the Trans-Acting Silencing (TAS) gene BraTIR1 for trans-acting small interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs)-mediated silencing. We found that, under natural conditions, miR1885 was kept at low levels to maintain normal development and basal immunity but peaked during the floral transition to promote flowering. Interestingly, upon Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) infection, miR1885-dependent trans-acting silencing of BraCP24 was enhanced to speed up the floral transition, whereas miR1885-mediated R gene turnover was overcome by TuMV-induced BraTNL1 expression, reflecting precise regulation of the arms race between plants and pathogens. Collectively, our results demonstrate that a single Brassica miRNA dynamically regulates both innate immunity and plant growth and responds to viral infection, revealing that Brassica plants have developed a sophisticated mechanism in modulating the interplay between growth, immunity, and pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiang-Feng He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hui-Shan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Cheng-Guo Duan
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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Retrospective and perspective of rice breeding in China. J Genet Genomics 2018; 45:603-612. [PMID: 30449538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breeding is the art and science of selecting and changing crop traits for the benefit of human beings. For several decades, tremendous efforts have been made by Chinese scientists in rice breeding in improving grain yield, nutrition quality, and environmental performance, achieving substantial progress for global food security. Several generations of crop breeding technologies have been developed, for example, selection of better performance in the field among variants (conventional breeding), application of molecular markers for precise selection (molecular marker assisted breeding), and development of molecular design (molecular breeding by rational design). In this review, we briefly summarize the advances in conventional breeding, functional genomics for genes and networks in rice that regulate important agronomic traits, and molecular breeding in China with focuses on high yield, good quality, stress tolerance, and high nutrient-use efficiency. These findings have paved a new avenue for rational design of crops to develop ideal varieties with super performance and productivity.
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