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Xie X, Zhang M, Luo H. Regulation of metabolism by circadian rhythms: Support from time-restricted eating, intestinal microbiota & omics analysis. Life Sci 2024; 351:122814. [PMID: 38857654 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Circadian oscillatory system plays a key role in coordinating the metabolism of most organisms. Perturbation of genetic effects and misalignment of circadian rhythms result in circadian dysfunction and signs of metabolic disorders. The eating-fasting cycle can act on the peripheral circadian clocks, bypassing the photoperiod. Therefore, time-restricted eating (TRE) can improve metabolic health by adjusting eating rhythms, a process achieved through reprogramming of circadian genomes and metabolic programs at different tissue levels or remodeling of the intestinal microbiota, with omics technology allowing visualization of the regulatory processes. Here, we review recent advances in circadian regulation of metabolism, focus on the potential application of TRE for rescuing circadian dysfunction and metabolic disorders with the contribution of intestinal microbiota in between, and summarize the significance of omics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China
| | - Hailing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, PR China.
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Zheng G, Pang S, Wang J, Wang F, Wang Q, Yang L, Ji M, Xie D, Zhu S, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Higgins GA, Wiley JW, Hou X, Lin R. Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated Nr1d1 chromatin circadian misalignment in stress-induced irritable bowel syndrome. iScience 2023; 26:107137. [PMID: 37404374 PMCID: PMC10316663 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-elevated glucocorticoids cause circadian disturbances and gut-brain axis (GBA) disorders, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We hypothesized that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR/NR3C1) might cause chromatin circadian misalignment in the colon epithelium. We observed significantly decreased core circadian gene Nr1d1 in water avoidance stressed (WAS) BALB/c colon epithelium, like in IBS patients. WAS decreased GR binding at the Nr1d1 promoter E-box (enhancer box), and GR could suppress Nr1d1 via this site. Stress also altered GR binding at the E-box sites along the Ikzf3-Nr1d1 chromatin and remodeled circadian chromatin 3D structures, including Ikzf3-Nr1d1 super-enhancer, Dbp, and Npas2. Intestinal deletion of Nr3c1 specifically abolished these stress-induced transcriptional alternations relevant to IBS phenotypes in BALB/c mice. GR mediated Ikzf3-Nr1d1 chromatin disease related circadian misalignment in stress-induced IBS animal model. This animal model dataset suggests that regulatory SNPs of human IKZF3-NR1D1 transcription through conserved chromatin looping have translational potential based on the GR-mediated circadian-stress crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Suya Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Junbao Wang
- Medical Research Institute at School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fangyu Wang
- Medical Research Institute at School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Central Laboratory of Yan’an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mengdie Ji
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Dejian Xie
- Beijing Research Center, Wuhan Frasergen Bioinformatics Co., Ltd, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shengtao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Medical Research Institute at School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Gerald A. Higgins
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - John W. Wiley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Chrono-Nutrition: Circadian Rhythm and Personalized Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032571. [PMID: 36768893 PMCID: PMC9916946 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human circadian system has a period of approximately 24 h and studies on the consequences of "chornodisruption" have greatly expanded. Lifestyle and environmental factors of modern societies (i.e., artificial lighting, jetlag, shift work, and around-the-clock access to energy-dense food) can induce disruptions of the circadian system and thereby adversely affect individual health. Growing evidence demonstrates a complex reciprocal relationship between metabolism and the circadian system, in which perturbations in one system affect the other one. From a nutritional genomics perspective, genetic variants in clock genes can both influence metabolic health and modify the individual response to diet. Moreover, an interplay between the circadian rhythm, gut microbiome, and epigenome has been demonstrated, with the diet in turn able to modulate this complex link suggesting a remarkable plasticity of the underlying mechanisms. In this view, the study of the impact of the timing of eating by matching elements from nutritional research with chrono-biology, that is, chrono-nutrition, could have significant implications for personalized nutrition in terms of reducing the prevalence and burden of chronic diseases. This review provides an overview of the current evidence on the interactions between the circadian system and nutrition, highlighting how this link could in turn influence the epigenome and microbiome. In addition, possible nutritional strategies to manage circadian-aligned feeding are suggested.
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Alsayid M, Khan MO, Adnan D, Rasmussen HE, Keshavarzian A, Bishehsari F. Behavioral circadian phenotypes are associated with the risk of elevated body mass index. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1395-1403. [PMID: 34355307 PMCID: PMC8816962 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic dysfunction and obesity rates are on the rise. Although the central modes of circadian disruption has been studied in relation to the risk of obesity, the role of eating time has remained unclear. Here, we aimed to assess circadian behavioral phenotypes and their association with the risk of elevated body mass index (BMI). METHODS This was a prospective cross-sectional study of individuals presenting for colorectal cancer screening colonoscopy. Participants completed demographic questionnaires, The Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ), and Food Timing Screener (FTS). The primary outcome of the study was the association between circadian phenotypes and elevated BMI. RESULTS A total of 488 individuals completed the survey, with a mean (SD) age of 57.5 (10.8) years. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.8 (6.1) kg/m2, with 72.3% of individuals met criteria for elevated BMI. Four circadian behavioral phenotypes were generated: early chronotype with regular food timing (ER) (34.7%), early chronotype with irregular food timing (EI) (11.7%), intermediate/late chronotype with regular food timing (LR) (33.9%), and intermediate/late chronotype with irregular food timing (LI) (19.7%). In a multivariable regression analysis, LI phenotype had 2.9 times higher odds of elevated BMI as compared to ER phenotype (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3-6.7, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The combination of late chronotype and irregular food timing, representative of a behavioral circadian rhythm disruption, is associated with higher rates of elevated BMI. The majority of individuals with this abnormal circadian phenotype were younger than 60 years old. This observation is especially relevant because of the ongoing rise in the obesity rates among young adults. LEVEL III Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Alsayid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammed Omer Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Darbaz Adnan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Professional Building, 1725 W. Harrison St. Suite 207, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Heather E Rasmussen
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Professional Building, 1725 W. Harrison St. Suite 207, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Rush Center for Integrated Microbiome and Chronobiology Research, Rush University Medical Center, Professional Building, 1725 W. Harrison St. Suite 207, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Hua Y, Guo S, Xie H, Zhu Y, Yan H, Tao WW, Shang EX, Qian DW, Duan JA. Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou Seed Ameliorates Insomnia in Rats by Regulating Metabolomics and Intestinal Flora Composition. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653767. [PMID: 34220499 PMCID: PMC8241942 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou (ZSS) is often used as a traditional Chinese medicine for insomnia due to its sedative and hypnotic effects, but the mechanism underlying this effect has not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, an insomnia model induced by intraperitoneal injection of DL-4-chlorophenylalanine suspension in Sprague-Dawley rats was adopted to investigate the therapeutic effect of ZSS extract. Metabolomics analyses of plasma and urine as well as 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the intestinal flora were performed. The relationships between the plasma and urine metabolites and the intestinal flora in insomnia rats were also analyzed. The results showed that changes in plasma and urine metabolites caused by insomnia were reversed after administration of ZSS, and these changes were mainly related to amino acid metabolism, especially phenylalanine metabolism. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing and short-chain fatty acid determination showed that the ZSS extract could reverse the imbalance of intestinal flora caused by insomnia and increase the contents of SCFAs in feces. All of these improvements are mainly related to the regulation of inflammation. Therefore, it is concluded that insomnia, which alters metabolic profiles and the intestinal flora, could be alleviated effectively by ZSS extract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sheng Guo
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jin-ao Duan
- State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resources Recycling Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Abnormal food timing and predisposition to weight gain: Role of barrier dysfunction and microbiota. Transl Res 2021; 231:113-123. [PMID: 33221482 PMCID: PMC8016699 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has become a common rising health care problem, especially in "modern" societies. Obesity is considered a low-grade systemic inflammation, partly linked to leaky gut. Circadian rhythm disruption, a common habit in modern life, has been reported to cause gut barrier impairment. Abnormal time of eating, defined by eating close to or during rest time, is shown to cause circadian rhythm disruption. Here, using a non-obesogenic diet, we found that abnormal feeding time facilitated weight gain and induced metabolic dysregulation in mice. The effect of abnormal time of eating was associated with increased gut permeability, estimated by sucralose and/or lactulose ratio and disrupted intestinal barrier marker. Analysis of gut microbiota and their metabolites, as important regulators of barrier homeostasis, revealed that abnormal food timing reduced relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, and the colonic butyrate level. Overall, our data supported that dysbiosis was characterized by increased intestinal permeability and decreased beneficial barrier butyrate-producing bacteria and/or metabolite to mechanistically link the time of eating to obesity. This data provides basis for noninvasive microbial-targeted interventions to improve intestinal barrier function as new opportunities for combating circadian rhythm disruption induced metabolic dysfunction.
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Bishehsari F, Voigt RM, Keshavarzian A. Circadian rhythms and the gut microbiota: from the metabolic syndrome to cancer. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:731-739. [PMID: 33106657 PMCID: PMC8085809 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-00427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is prevalent in developed nations and accounts for the largest burden of non-communicable diseases worldwide. The metabolic syndrome has direct effects on health and increases the risk of developing cancer. Lifestyle factors that are known to promote the metabolic syndrome generally cause pro-inflammatory alterations in microbiota communities in the intestine. Indeed, alterations to the structure and function of intestinal microbiota are sufficient to promote the metabolic syndrome, inflammation and cancer. Among the lifestyle factors that are associated with the metabolic syndrome, disruption of the circadian system, known as circadian dysrhythmia, is increasingly common. Disruption of the circadian system can alter microbiome communities and can perturb host metabolism, energy homeostasis and inflammatory pathways, which leads to the metabolic syndrome. This Perspective discusses the role of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites in mediating the effects of disruption of circadian rhythms on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Bishehsari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Robin M Voigt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ali Keshavarzian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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Diallo AB, Coiffard B, Leone M, Mezouar S, Mege JL. For Whom the Clock Ticks: Clinical Chronobiology for Infectious Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1457. [PMID: 32733482 PMCID: PMC7363845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The host defense against pathogens varies among individuals. Among the factors influencing host response, those associated with circadian disruptions are emerging. These latter depend on molecular clocks, which control the two partners of host defense: microbes and immune system. There is some evidence that infections are closely related to circadian rhythms in terms of susceptibility, clinical presentation and severity. In this review, we overview what is known about circadian rhythms in infectious diseases and update the knowledge about circadian rhythms in immune system, pathogens and vectors. This heuristic approach opens a new fascinating field of time-based personalized treatment of infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aïssatou Bailo Diallo
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Coiffard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, AP-HM, Hôpital Nord, Médecine Intensive-Réanimation, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Leone
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, AP-HM, CHU Hôpital Nord, Service d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation, Marseille, France
| | - Soraya Mezouar
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mege
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, IRD, AP-HM, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,AP-HM, UF Immunologie, Marseille, France
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