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Li Z, Zhang JH, Li J, Wang S, Zhang L, He CY, Lin P, Melhi S, Yang T, Yamauchi Y, Xu X. Dynamical Janus-Like Behavior Excited by Passive Cold-Heat Modulation in the Earth-Sun/Universe System: Opportunities and Challenges. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309397. [PMID: 38644343 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of solar-thermal energy and universal cold energy has led to many innovative designs that achieve effective temperature regulation in different application scenarios. Numerous studies on passive solar heating and radiation cooling often operate independently (or actively control the conversion) and lack a cohesive framework for deep connections. This work provides a concise overview of the recent breakthroughs in solar heating and radiation cooling by employing a mechanism material in the application model. Furthermore, the utilization of dynamic Janus-like behavior serves as a novel nexus to elucidate the relationship between solar heating and radiation cooling, allowing for the analysis of dynamic conversion strategies across various applications. Additionally, special discussions are provided to address specific requirements in diverse applications, such as optimizing light transmission for clothing or window glass. Finally, the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of solar heating and radiation cooling applications are underscored, which hold immense potential for substantial carbon emission reduction and environmental preservation. This work aims to ignite interest and lay a solid foundation for researchers to conduct in-depth studies on effective and self-adaptive regulation of cooling and heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengtong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jia-Han Zhang
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Jiaoyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Lvfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Cheng-Yu He
- Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Saad Melhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha, 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xingtao Xu
- Department of Materials Process Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
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2
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Wu R, Sui C, Chen TH, Zhou Z, Li Q, Yan G, Han Y, Liang J, Hung PJ, Luo E, Talapin DV, Hsu PC. Spectrally engineered textile for radiative cooling against urban heat islands. Science 2024; 384:1203-1212. [PMID: 38870306 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl0653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Radiative cooling textiles hold promise for achieving personal thermal comfort under increasing global temperature. However, urban areas have heat island effects that largely diminish the effectiveness of cooling textiles as wearable fabrics because they absorb emitted radiation from the ground and nearby buildings. We developed a mid-infrared spectrally selective hierarchical fabric (SSHF) with emissivity greatly dominant in the atmospheric transmission window through molecular design, minimizing the net heat gain from the surroundings. The SSHF features a high solar spectrum reflectivity of 0.97 owing to strong Mie scattering from the nano-micro hybrid fibrous structure. The SSHF is 2.3°C cooler than a solar-reflecting broadband emitter when placed vertically in simulated outdoor urban scenarios during the day and also has excellent wearable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Wu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Chenxi Sui
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zirui Zhou
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qizhang Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gangbin Yan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Yu Han
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jiawei Liang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Pei-Jan Hung
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Edward Luo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Po-Chun Hsu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Li X, Guo W, Hsu PC. Personal Thermoregulation by Moisture-Engineered Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209825. [PMID: 36751106 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Personal thermal management can effectively manage the skin microenvironment, improve human comfort, and reduce energy consumption. In personal thermal-management technology, owing to the high latent heat of water evaporation in wet-response textiles, heat- and moisture-transfer coexist and interact with each other. In the last few years, with rapid advances in materials science and innovative polymers, humidity-sensitive textiles have been developed for personal thermal management. However, a large gap exists between the conceptual laboratory-scale design and actual textile. Here, moisture-responsive textiles based on flap opening and closing, those based on yarn/fiber deformation, and sweat-evaporation regulation based on textile design for personal thermoregulation are reviewed, and the corresponding mechanisms and research progress are discussed. Finally, the existing engineering and scientific limitations and future developments are considered to resolve the existing issues and accelerate the practical application of moisture-responsive textiles and related technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, and Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Po-Chun Hsu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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Zhang X, Wang F, Guo H, Sun F, Li X, Zhang C, Yu C, Qin X. Advanced Cooling Textiles: Mechanisms, Applications, and Perspectives. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305228. [PMID: 38140792 PMCID: PMC10933611 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
High-temperature environments pose significant risks to human health and safety. The body's natural ability to regulate temperature becomes overwhelmed under extreme heat, leading to heat stroke, dehydration, and even death. Therefore, the development of effective personal thermal-moisture management systems is crucial for maintaining human well-being. In recent years, significant advancements have been witnessed in the field of textile-based cooling systems, which utilize innovative materials and strategies to achieve effective cooling under different environments. This review aims to provide an overview of the current progress in textile-based personal cooling systems, mainly focusing on the classification, mechanisms, and fabrication techniques. Furthermore, the challenges and potential application scenarios are highlighted, providing valuable insights for further advancements and the eventual industrialization of personal cooling textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Hanyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Fengqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer MaterialsCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Xiangshun Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Chentian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Chongwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco‐TextileMinistry of EducationCollege of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
| | - Xiaohong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of TextilesDonghua UniversityShanghai201620China
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Li L, Liu G, Zhang Q, Zhao H, Shi R, Wang C, Li Z, Zhou B, Zhang Y. Porous Structure of Polymer Films Optimized by Rationally Tuning Phase Separation for Passive All-Day Radiative Cooling. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6504-6512. [PMID: 38267401 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c19173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Passive all-day radiative cooling (PARC) films with porous structures prepared via nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) have attracted considerable attention owing to their cost-effectiveness and wide applicability. The PARC performances of the films correlate with their porous structures. However, the porous structure formed using the NIPS process cannot be finely regulated. In this study, we prepared polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) films with porous structures optimized by rationally tuning the phase separation, which was achieved by adjusting the proportions of two good solvents with varying solubility parameters. The optimized PVDF-HFP film with a hierarchically porous structure exhibited a high solar reflectance of 97.7% and an infrared emissivity of 96.7%. The film with excellent durability achieved an average subambient cooling temperature of approximately 5.4 °C under a solar irradiance of 945 W·m-2 as well as a temperature of 11.2 °C at nighttime, thus demonstrating all-day radiative cooling. The results indicate that the proposed films present a promising platform for large-scale applications in green building cooling and achieving carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhu Li
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Guimin Liu
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Haichao Zhao
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Ruidong Shi
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Changlin Wang
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Boyi Zhou
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Equipment Maintenance and Remanufacturing Engineering, Academy of Army Armored Forces, Beijing 100072, China
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So S, Yun J, Ko B, Lee D, Kim M, Noh J, Park C, Park J, Rho J. Radiative Cooling for Energy Sustainability: From Fundamentals to Fabrication Methods Toward Commercialization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305067. [PMID: 37949679 PMCID: PMC10787071 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling, a technology that lowers the temperature of terrestrial objects by dissipating heat into outer space, presents a promising ecologically-benign solution for sustainable cooling. Recent years witness substantial progress in radiative cooling technologies, bringing them closer to commercialization. This comprehensive review provides a structured overview of radiative cooling technologies, encompassing essential principles, fabrication techniques, and practical applications, with the goal of guiding researchers toward successful commercialization. The review begins by introducing the fundamentals of radiative cooling and the associated design strategies to achieve it. Then, various fabrication methods utilized for the realization of radiative cooling devices are thoroughly discussed. This discussion includes detailed assessments of scalability, fabrication costs, and performance considerations, encompassing both structural designs and fabrication techniques. Building upon these insights, potential fabrication approaches suitable for practical applications and commercialization are proposed. Further, the recent efforts made toward the practical applications of radiative cooling technology, including its visual appearance, switching capability, and compatibility are examined. By encompassing a broad range of topics, from fundamental principles to fabrication and applications, this review aims to bridge the gap between theoretical research and real-world implementation, fostering the advancement and widespread adoption of radiative cooling technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunae So
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electro-Mechanical Systems Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeong Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoungsu Ko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebum Noh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherry Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junkyeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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Chen TH, Hong Y, Fu CT, Nandi A, Xie W, Yin J, Hsu PC. A kirigami-enabled electrochromic wearable variable-emittance device for energy-efficient adaptive personal thermoregulation. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad165. [PMID: 37325025 PMCID: PMC10263260 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
For centuries, people have put effort to improve the thermal performance of clothing to adapt to varying temperatures. However, most clothing we wear today only offers a single-mode insulation. The adoption of active thermal management devices, such as resistive heaters, Peltier coolers, and water recirculation, is limited by their excessive energy consumption and form factor for long-term, continuous, and personalized thermal comfort. In this paper, we developed a wearable variable-emittance (WeaVE) device, enabling the tunable radiative heat transfer coefficient to fill the missing gap between thermoregulation energy efficiency and controllability. WeaVE is an electrically driven, kirigami-enabled electrochromic thin-film device that can effectively tune the midinfrared thermal radiation heat loss of the human body. The kirigami design provides stretchability and conformal deformation under various modes and exhibits excellent mechanical stability after 1,000 cycles. The electronic control enables programmable personalized thermoregulation. With less than 5.58 mJ/cm2 energy input per switching, WeaVE provides 4.9°C expansion of the thermal comfort zone, which is equivalent to a continuous power input of 33.9 W/m2. This nonvolatile characteristic substantially decreases the required energy while maintaining the on-demand controllability, thereby providing vast opportunities for the next generation of smart personal thermal managing fabrics and wearable technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Hsuan Chen
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yaoye Hong
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ching-Tai Fu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ankita Nandi
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Wanrong Xie
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Po-Chun Hsu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Cao J, Xu H, Li X, Gu Y. Colored Daytime Radiative Cooling Textiles Supported by Semiconductor Quantum Dots. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19480-19489. [PMID: 37023362 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Radiative cooling, a zero-energy, eco-friendly cooling technology, has attracted tremendous attention recently for its potential of fighting global warming and climate changes. Radiative cooling fabrics with diffused solar reflections typically have reduced light pollution and can be mass-produced with currently available techniques. However, the monotonous white color has hindered its further applications and no colored radiative cooling textiles are available yet. In this work, we electrospun PMMA textiles containing CsPbBrxI3-x quantum dots as the colorant to achieve colored radiative cooling textiles. A theoretical model to predict the 3D color volume and cooling threshold was proposed for this system. As indicated by the model, a sufficiently high quantum yield (>0.9) will guarantee a wide color gamut and strong cooling ability. In the real experiments, all of the fabricated textiles show excellent color agreement with the theory. The green fabric containing CsPbBr3 quantum dots achieved a subambient temperature of ∼4.0 °C under direct sunlight with an average solar power density of 850 W/m2. The reddish fabric containing CsPbBrI2 quantum dots also managed to cool 1.5 °C compared to the ambient temperature. The fabric containing CsPbI3 quantum dots failed to achieve subambient cooling with a slightly increased temperature. Nevertheless, all of the fabricated colored fabrics outperformed the regular woven polyester fabric when placed on a human hand. We believed that the proposed colored textiles may widen the range of applications for radiative cooling fabrics and have the potential to become the next-generation colored fabrics with stronger cooling ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Haixiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Yu Gu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
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Li M, Yan Z, Fan D. Flexible Radiative Cooling Textiles Based on Composite Nanoporous Fibers for Personal Thermal Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:17848-17857. [PMID: 36977290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Passive radiative cooling textiles can reflect sunlight and dissipate heat directly to the outside space without any energy input. However, radiative cooling textiles with high performance, large scalability, cost effectiveness, and high biodegradability are still uncommon. Herein, we exploit a porous fiber-based radiative cooling textile (PRCT) via nonsolvent-induced phase separation and scalable roll-to-roll electrospinning technology. Nanopores are introduced into single fibers, and the pore size can be accurately optimized by managing the relative humidity of the spinning environment. The anti-ultraviolet radiation and superhydrophobicity of textiles were improved by the introduction of core-shell silica microspheres. An optimized PRCT yields a strong solar reflectivity of 98.8% and atmospheric window emissivity of 97%, which results in a sub-ambient temperature drop of 4.5 °C, with the solar intensity over 960 W·m-2 and 5.5 °C at night. For personal thermal management, it is demonstrated that the PRCT can obtain a temperature drop of 7.1 °C compared to the bare skin under direct sunlight. Given the excellent optical and cooling properties, flexibility, and self-cleaning property, PRCT was demonstrated to be a potential candidate for commercial applications in multifarious complex scenarios to afford a style for global decarbonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
| | - Desong Fan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Thermal Control of Electronic Equipment, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China
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Yang M, Zhong H, Li T, Wu B, Wang Z, Sun D. Phase Change Material Enhanced Radiative Cooler for Temperature-Adaptive Thermal Regulation. ACS NANO 2023; 17:1693-1700. [PMID: 36633491 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Passive radiative cooling (PRC), as an electricity-free and environmentally friendly cooling strategy, is highly desirable in improving the global energy landscape. Despite numerous efforts, most designs for PRC are so devoted to improving the cooling performance in the daytime that they neglect the triggered overcooling at night. Herein, we approached an effective design for temperature-adaptive thermal management through integrating PRC and temperature control of room-temperature phase change material. Compared with conventional radiative coolers, the developed phase change material-enhanced radiative cooler (PCMRC) can adjust its performance according to the temperature of day and night. The PCMRC achieved an average subambient temperature drop of ∼6.3 °C under direct sunlight and an average temperature rise of ∼2.1 °C above ambient temperature at night, as well as a reduced temperature difference between day and night. The temperature-adaptive PCMRC shows great promise for passive radiative cooling regulation, which can further extend the applications of passive radiative cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongmei Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Bangyao Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Zuankai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dazhi Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Xie A, Zhu L, Liang Y, Mao J, Liu Y, Chen S. Fiber‐spinning Asymmetric Assembly for Janus‐structured Bifunctional Nanofiber Films towards All‐Weather Smart Textile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208592. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- An‐Quan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yunzheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yijiang Liu
- College of Chemistry Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 Hunan Province P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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12
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Fiber‐spinning Asymmetric Assembly for Janus‐structured Bifunctional Nanofiber Films towards All‐Weather Smart Textile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Iqbal MI, Lin K, Sun F, Chen S, Pan A, Lee HH, Kan CW, Lin CSK, Tso CY. Radiative Cooling Nanofabric for Personal Thermal Management. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:23577-23587. [PMID: 35562190 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A wearable textile that is engineered to reflect incoming sunlight and allow the transmission of mid-infrared radiation simultaneously would have a great impact on the human body's thermal regulation in an outdoor environment. However, developing such a textile is a tough challenge. Using nanoparticle-doped polymer (zinc oxide and polyethylene) materials and electrospinning technology, we have developed a nanofabric with the desired optical properties and good applicability. The nanofabric offers a cool fibrous structure with outstanding solar reflectivity (91%) and mid-infrared transmissivity (81%). In an outdoor field test under exposure of direct sunlight, the nanofabric was demonstrated to reduce the simulated skin temperature by 9 °C when compared to skin covered by a cotton textile. A heat-transfer model is also established to numerically assess the cooling performance of the nanofabric as a function of various climate factors, including solar intensity, ambient air temperature, atmospheric emission, wind speed, and parasitic heat loss rate. The results indicate that the nanofabric can completely release the human body from unwanted heat stress in most conditions, providing an additional cooling effect as well as demonstrating worldwide feasibility. Even in some extreme conditions, the nanofabric can also reduce the human body's cooling demand compared with traditional cotton textile, proving this material as a feasible solution for better thermoregulation of the human body. The facile fabrication of such textiles paves the way for the mass adoption of energy-free personal cooling technology in daily life, which meets the growing demand for healthcare, climate change, and sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Irfan Iqbal
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Kaixin Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Fengxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles of Ministry of Education and Laboratory of Soft Fibrous Materials, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Siru Chen
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Aiqiang Pan
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Hau Him Lee
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Wai Kan
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Yan Tso
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong
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14
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Li J, Liang Y, Li W, Xu N, Zhu B, Wu Z, Wang X, Fan S, Wang M, Zhu J. Protecting ice from melting under sunlight via radiative cooling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9756. [PMID: 35148187 PMCID: PMC8836806 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
As ice plays a critical role in various aspects of life, from food preservation to ice sports and ecosystem, it is desirable to protect ice from melting, especially under sunlight. The fundamental reason for ice melt under sunlight is related to the imbalanced energy flows of the incoming sunlight and outgoing thermal radiation. Therefore, radiative cooling, which can balance the energy flows without energy consumption, offers a sustainable approach for ice protection. Here, we demonstrate that a hierarchically designed radiative cooling film based on abundant and eco-friendly cellulose acetate molecules versatilely provides effective and passive protection to various forms/scales of ice under sunlight. This work provides inspiration for developing an effective, scalable, and sustainable route for preserving ice and other critical elements of ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- GPL Photonics Lab, State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shanhui Fan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Minghuai Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (J.Z.); (M.W.)
| | - Jia Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
- Corresponding author. (J.Z.); (M.W.)
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Miao D, Cheng N, Wang X, Yu J, Ding B. Integration of Janus Wettability and Heat Conduction in Hierarchically Designed Textiles for All-Day Personal Radiative Cooling. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:680-687. [PMID: 34994570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Personal cooling textiles are a promising energy-free pathway for confronting serious heat-related public health threats and improving industrial worker productivity. Current cooling strategies mainly focus on passive daytime radiation, and there is a lack of research on all-day cooling methods which utilize synergistic radiative, conductive, and evaporative heat dissipation. Herein, we demonstrate a hierarchical polyurethane/silicon nitride fibrous membrane with Janus wettability fabricated via a scalable electrospinning method followed by single-side hydrophilic plasma treatment. High angular-dependent solar reflectance (91%) and human body infrared emittance (93%) allow for a temperature drop of ∼21.9 °C under direct sunlight and ∼2.8 °C at night compared with traditional cotton. The innovative integration of Janus wettability and heat conduction in hierarchically designed textiles ensures a minimum sweat consumption of 0.5 mL h-1, avoiding harmfully excessive perspiration. The excellent all-day cooling performance of this hierarchical textile presents great advantages for smart textile, energy-saving, and personal cooling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Miao
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Ningbo Cheng
- College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, Shanghai 200051, China
| | - Xianfeng Wang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Li X, Ma B, Dai J, Sui C, Pande D, Smith DR, Brinson LC, Hsu PC. Metalized polyamide heterostructure as a moisture-responsive actuator for multimodal adaptive personal heat management. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj7906. [PMID: 34910511 PMCID: PMC8673776 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Personal thermal management textile/wearable is an effective strategy to expand the indoor temperature setpoint range to reduce a building’s energy consumption. Usually, textiles/wearables that were engineered for controlling conduction, convection, radiation, or sweat evaporation have been developed separately. Here, we demonstrate a multimodal adaptive wearable with moisture-responsive flaps composed of a nylon/metal heterostructure, which can simultaneously regulate convection, sweat evaporation, and mid-infrared emission to accomplish large and rapid heat transfer tuning in response to human perspiration vapor. We show that the metal layer not only plays a crucial role in low-emissivity radiative heating but also enhances the bimorph actuation performance. The multimodal adaptive mechanism expands the thermal comfort zone by 30.7 and 20.7% more than traditional static textiles and single-modal adaptive wearables without any electricity and energy input, making it a promising design paradigm for personal heat management.
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Soft fibers with magnetoelasticity for wearable electronics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6755. [PMID: 34799591 PMCID: PMC8604991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetoelastic effect characterizes the change of materials’ magnetic properties under mechanical deformation, which is conventionally observed in some rigid metals or metal alloys. Here we show magnetoelastic effect can also exist in 1D soft fibers with stronger magnetomechanical coupling than that in traditional rigid counterparts. This effect is explained by a wavy chain model based on the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction and demagnetizing factor. To facilitate practical applications, we further invented a textile magnetoelastic generator (MEG), weaving the 1D soft fibers with conductive yarns to couple the observed magnetoelastic effect with magnetic induction, which paves a new way for biomechanical-to-electrical energy conversion with short-circuit current density of 0.63 mA cm−2, internal impedance of 180 Ω, and intrinsic waterproofness. Textile MEG was demonstrated to convert the arterial pulse into electrical signals with a low detection limit of 0.05 kPa, even with heavy perspiration or in underwater situations without encapsulations. The authors invented a textile magnetoelastic generator, weaving 1D soft fibers with conductive yarns to couple the observed magnetoelastic effect with magnetic induction, which paves a new way for biomechanical-to-electrical energy conversion.
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Kim DH, Lee GJ, Heo SY, Son S, Kang KM, Lee H, Song YM. Ultra-thin and near-unity selective emitter for efficient cooling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:31364-31375. [PMID: 34615230 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For the efficient radiative cooling of objects, coolers should emit heat within atmospheric transparent window and block heat absorption from the surrounding environments. Thus, selective emitters enable highly efficient cooling via engineered photonic structures such as metamaterials and multi-stacking structures. However, these structures require sophisticated fabrication processes and large quantities of materials, which can restrict mass-production. This study introduces an ultra-thin (∼1 μm) and near-unity selective emitter (UNSE) within the atmospheric window, which can be fabricated using simple and affordable process. The combination of infrared (IR) lossy layers and high index lossless layer enhances the resonance in the structure thus, the emissivity in long wavelength IR region increases to near-unity within a thickness of ∼1 μm.
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