1
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Hait D, Lahana D, Fajen OJ, Paz ASP, Unzueta PA, Rana B, Lu L, Wang Y, Kjønstad EF, Koch H, Martínez TJ. Prediction of photodynamics of 200 nm excited cyclobutanone with linear response electronic structure and ab initio multiple spawning. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:244101. [PMID: 38912674 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Simulations of photochemical reaction dynamics have been a challenge to the theoretical chemistry community for some time. In an effort to determine the predictive character of current approaches, we predict the results of an upcoming ultrafast diffraction experiment on the photodynamics of cyclobutanone after excitation to the lowest lying Rydberg state (S2). A picosecond of nonadiabatic dynamics is described with ab initio multiple spawning. We use both time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) and equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) theory for the underlying electronic structure theory. We find that the lifetime of the S2 state is more than a picosecond (with both TDDFT and EOM-CCSD). The predicted ultrafast electron diffraction spectrum exhibits numerous structural features, but weak time dependence over the course of the simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94024, USA
| | - Dean Lahana
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94024, USA
| | - O Jonathan Fajen
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94024, USA
| | - Amiel S P Paz
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94024, USA
| | - Pablo A Unzueta
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94024, USA
| | - Bhaskar Rana
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94024, USA
| | - Lixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94024, USA
| | - Yuanheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94024, USA
| | - Eirik F Kjønstad
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94024, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94024, USA
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2
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Costain TS, Ogden V, Neville SP, Schuurman MS. A DFT/MRCI Hamiltonian parameterized using only ab initio data: I. valence excited states. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:224106. [PMID: 38856682 DOI: 10.1063/5.0210897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
A new combined density functional theory and multi-reference configuration interaction (DFT/MRCI) Hamiltonian parameterized solely using the benchmark ab initio vertical excitation energies obtained from the QUEST databases is presented. This new formulation differs from all previous versions of the method in that the choice of the underlying exchange-correlation (XC) functional employed to construct the one-particle (orbital) basis is considered, and a new XC functional, QTP17, is chosen for its ability to generate a balanced description of core and valence vertical excitation energies. The ability of the new DFT/MRCI Hamiltonian, termed QE8, to furnish accurate excitation energies is confirmed using benchmark quantum chemistry computations, and a mean absolute error of 0.16 eV is determined for the wide range of electronic excitations included in the validation dataset. In particular, the QE8 Hamiltonian dramatically improves the performance of DFT/MRCI for doubly excited states. The performance of fast approximate DFT/MRCI methods, p-DFT/MRCI and DFT/MRCI(2), is also evaluated using the QE8 Hamiltonian, and they are found to yield excitation energies in quantitative agreement with the parent DFT/MRCI method, with the two methods exhibiting a mean difference of 0.01 eV with respect to DFT/MRCI over the entire benchmark set.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan Shane Costain
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Victoria Ogden
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Simon P Neville
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michael S Schuurman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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3
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Fouda AEA, Lindblom V, Southworth SH, Doumy G, Ho PJ, Young L, Cheng L, Sorensen SL. Influence of Selective Carbon 1s Excitation on Auger-Meitner Decay in the ESCA Molecule. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:4286-4293. [PMID: 38608168 PMCID: PMC11057383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional spectral mapping is used to visualize how resonant Auger-Meitner spectra are influenced by the site of the initial core-electron excitation and the symmetry of the core-excited state in the trifluoroethyl acetate molecule (ESCA). We observe a significant enhancement of electron yield for excitation of the COO 1s → π* and CF3 1s → σ* resonances unlike excitation at resonances involving the CH3 and CH2 sites. The CF3 1s → π* and CF3 1s → σ* resonance spectra are very different from each other, with the latter populating most valence states equally. Two complementary electronic structure calculations for the photoelectron cross section and Auger-Meitner intensity are shown to effectively reproduce the site- and state-selective nature of the resonant enhancement features. The site of the core-electron excitation and the respective final state hole locality increase the sensistivity of the photoelectron signal at specific functional group sites. This showcases resonant Auger-Meitner decay as a potentially powerful tool for selectively probing structural changes at specific functional group sites of polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. E. A. Fouda
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Physics and James Franck Institute, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - V. Lindblom
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - S. H. Southworth
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - G. Doumy
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - P. J. Ho
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - L. Young
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Department
of Physics and James Franck Institute, The
University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - L. Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - S. L. Sorensen
- Department
of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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4
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Suchan J, Liang F, Durden AS, Levine BG. Prediction challenge: First principles simulation of the ultrafast electron diffraction spectrum of cyclobutanone. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134310. [PMID: 38573851 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Computer simulation has long been an essential partner of ultrafast experiments, allowing the assignment of microscopic mechanistic detail to low-dimensional spectroscopic data. However, the ability of theory to make a priori predictions of ultrafast experimental results is relatively untested. Herein, as a part of a community challenge, we attempt to predict the signal of an upcoming ultrafast photochemical experiment using state-of-the-art theory in the context of preexisting experimental data. Specifically, we employ ab initio Ehrenfest with collapse to a block mixed quantum-classical simulations to describe the real-time evolution of the electrons and nuclei of cyclobutanone following excitation to the 3s Rydberg state. The gas-phase ultrafast electron diffraction (GUED) signal is simulated for direct comparison to an upcoming experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory. Following initial ring-opening, dissociation via two distinct channels is observed: the C3 dissociation channel, producing cyclopropane and CO, and the C2 channel, producing CH2CO and C2H4. Direct calculations of the GUED signal indicate how the ring-opened intermediate, the C2 products, and the C3 products can be discriminated in the GUED signal. We also report an a priori analysis of anticipated errors in our predictions: without knowledge of the experimental result, which features of the spectrum do we feel confident we have predicted correctly, and which might we have wrong?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Suchan
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Fangchun Liang
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Andrew S Durden
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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5
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Li S, Lu L, Bhattacharyya S, Pearce C, Li K, Nienhuis ET, Doumy G, Schaller RD, Moeller S, Lin MF, Dakovski G, Hoffman DJ, Garratt D, Larsen KA, Koralek JD, Hampton CY, Cesar D, Duris J, Zhang Z, Sudar N, Cryan JP, Marinelli A, Li X, Inhester L, Santra R, Young L. Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe x-ray spectroscopy of liquid water. Science 2024; 383:1118-1122. [PMID: 38359104 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe experiments have long been sought as the most straightforward method for observing electron dynamics in real time. Although there has been much success with overlapped near-infrared femtosecond and extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses combined with theory, true attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe experiments have been limited. We used a synchronized attosecond x-ray pulse pair from an x-ray free-electron laser to study the electronic response to valence ionization in liquid water through all x-ray attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (AX-ATAS). Our analysis showed that the AX-ATAS response is confined to the subfemtosecond timescale, eliminating any hydrogen atom motion and demonstrating experimentally that the 1b1 splitting in the x-ray emission spectrum is related to dynamics and is not evidence of two structural motifs in ambient liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Lixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Swarnendu Bhattacharyya
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolyn Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - R D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - S Moeller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M-F Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - G Dakovski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D J Hoffman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D Garratt
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Kirk A Larsen
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - J D Koralek
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - C Y Hampton
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D Cesar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Duris
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Sudar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ludger Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Jadoun D, Kowalewski M. Coherent x-ray spontaneous emission spectroscopy of conical intersections. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:094102. [PMID: 38426516 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Conical intersections are known to play a vital role in many photochemical processes. The breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the vicinity of a conical intersection causes exciting phenomena, such as the ultrafast radiationless decay of excited states. The passage of a molecule through a conical intersection creates a coherent superposition of electronic states via nonadiabatic couplings. Detecting this coherent superposition may serve as a direct probe of the conical intersection. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate the use of coherent spontaneous emission in samples with long-range order for probing the occurrence of a conical intersection in a molecule. Our simulations show that the spectrum contains clear signatures of the created coherent superposition of electronic states. We investigate the bandwidth requirements for the x-ray probes, which influence the observation of coherent superposition generated by the conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Jadoun
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Guo Z, Zhang M, Dong X, Wang J, Li Z, Liu Y. Probing Conical Intersection in the Multipathway Isomerization of CH 3Cl Using Coulomb Explosion. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2369-2374. [PMID: 38393833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitous ultrafast isomerization is paramount in photoexcited molecules, in which non-adiabatic coupling among multiple electronic states can occur. We use the pump-probe Coulomb explosion imaging method to study the isomerization of CH3Cl molecules. We find that the isomerization under our strong field pump-probe scheme proceeds along multiple pathways, which are encoded in several distinct branches of the time-resolved kinetic energy release spectra for the CH2++HCl+ Coulomb explosion channel. Apart from the isomerized dissociative pathway in neutral and cationic excited states, the pump laser can also induce coherent vibrational dynamics in two coupled intermediate states and set up the initial conditions for the two concurrently proceeding isomerization pathways. The isomerization of CH3Cl provides an intriguing example of a chemical reaction consisting of multiple pathways and non-adiabatic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaolong Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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8
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Ma L, Jiang L. Intelligently optimized global analysis of time resolved spectra with particle swarm optimization. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 308:123685. [PMID: 38039640 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopy, especially transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS), provides valuable insights to excited state dynamics. Analyzing TAS data involves fitting complex kinetic traces at various probe wavelengths using different rate equations. Conventional TAS global fitting methods require domain experts to establish physically valid models and provide good initial guesses to generate converged solutions. This poses challenges for non-experts who seek to utilize TAS, thus limiting its broader application and impact. To address this problem, we propose an intelligent optimization framework based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In the proposed method, the PSO algorithm acts as the global fitting method to find the optimal values of the target variables or unknown parameters in the kinetics models. The target solution is optimized by iteratively updating candidate solutions with respect to an objective feedback signal. We demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed PSO-based global fitting method with both synthetic and experimental datasets. The results show that our proposed method can successfully find the optimal target values in the global fitting process automatically, thus eliminating the iterative manual labor traditionally required. The proposed intelligent optimization framework provides a novel approach for automatic global fitting of TAS data, which significantly enhances the accessibility and utilization of the TAS methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Photonics Technology, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lianlian Jiang
- Institute for Infocomm Research (I2R), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, #21-01, Connexis South Tower 138632, Singapore.
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9
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Mayer D, Lever F, Gühr M. Time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy of nucleobases and their thionated analogs. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:275-290. [PMID: 38174615 DOI: 10.1111/php.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The photoinduced relaxation dynamics of nucleobases and their thionated analogs have been investigated extensively over the past decades motivated by their crucial role in organisms and their application in medical and biochemical research and treatment. Most of these studies focused on the spectroscopy of valence electrons and fragmentation. The advent of ultrashort x-ray laser sources such as free-electron lasers, however, opens new opportunities for studying the ultrafast molecular relaxation dynamics utilizing the site- and element-selectivity of x-rays. In this review, we want to summarize ultrafast experiments on thymine and 2-thiouracil performed at free-electron lasers. We performed time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge after UV excitation of thymine. In addition, we investigated the excited state dynamics of 2-tUra via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at sulfur. For these methods, we show a strong sensitivity to the electronic state or charge distribution, respectively. We also performed time-resolved Auger-Meitner spectroscopy, which shows spectral shifts associated with internuclear distances close to the probed site. We discuss the complementary aspects of time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy techniques compared to optical and UV spectroscopy for the investigation of ultrafast relaxation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Mayer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabiano Lever
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Gühr
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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Fransén L, Tran T, Nandi S, Vacher M. Dissociation and Isomerization Following Ionization of Ethylene: Insights from Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1457-1465. [PMID: 38358308 PMCID: PMC10911106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Photoionized and electronically excited ethylene C2H4+ can undergo H-loss, H2-loss, and ethylene-ethylidene isomerization, where the latter entails a hydrogen migration. Recent pioneering experiments with few-femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses and complementary theoretical studies have shed light on the photodynamics of this prototypical organic cation. However, no theoretical investigation based on dynamics simulations reported to date has described the mechanisms and time scales of dissociation and isomerization. Herein, we simulate the coupled electron-nuclear dynamics of ethylene following vertical ionization and electronic excitation to its four lowest-lying cationic states. The electronic structure is treated at the CASSCF level, with an active space large enough to describe bond breaking and formation. The simulations indicate that dissociation and isomerization take place mainly on the cationic ground state and allow the probing of previous hypotheses concerning the correlation between the photochemical outcome and the traversed conical intersections. The results, moreover, support the long-standing view that H2-loss may occur from the ethylidene form. However, the ethylene-ethylidene isomerization time predicted by the simulations is considerably longer than those previously inferred from indirect experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Fransén
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Thierry Tran
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Université
de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière
Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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11
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Jadoun D, Zhang Z, Kowalewski M. Raman Spectroscopy of Conical Intersections Using Entangled Photons. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2023-2030. [PMID: 38349969 PMCID: PMC10895689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast Raman spectroscopy with attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray regime has been proposed theoretically for tracking the non-adiabatic dynamics of molecules in great detail. The large bandwidth of these pulses, which span several electronvolts within a couple of femtoseconds, provides a unique tool for tracking non-adiabatic phenomena. However, spectroscopy with classical light is limited by the time-bandwidth product of the probe laser pulse. In this work, we theoretically investigate an ultrafast Raman spectroscopy scheme that utilizes pairs of entangled photons. Our model simulations demonstrate that the dynamics in the vicinity of a conical intersection can be resolved with unprecedented resolution in the time and frequency domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Jadoun
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhedong Zhang
- Department
of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- Shenzhen
Research Institute, City University of Hong
Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518057, China
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Hait D, Martínez TJ. Predicting the X-ray Absorption Spectrum of Ozone with Single Configuration State Functions. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:873-881. [PMID: 38175153 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of biradicaloid species are often thought to represent a challenge to theoretical methods. This has led to the testing of recently developed multireference techniques on the XAS of ozone, but reproduction of the experimental spectral profile has proven difficult. We utilize a minimal model consisting of a single configuration state function (CSF) per excited state to model core-level excitations of ozone, with the orbitals of each CSF optimized using the restricted open-shell Kohn-Sham (ROKS) method. This protocol leads to semiquantitative agreement with experimental XAS. In fact, we find that low-lying core-hole excited states in biradicaloids can be approximated with individual CSFs, despite the presence of multireference character in the ground state. We also report that the 1s → π* and 1s → σ* transitions have quite distinct widths for O3. This reveals the importance of sampling over a representative range of geometries from the vibrational ground state for properly assessing the accuracy of electronic structure methods against experiments instead of the popular procedure of uniformly broadening stick spectra at the equilibrium geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Todd J Martínez
- Department of Chemistry and The PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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13
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Gong X, Zhang W, Lu P, Ni H, Wu J. Probing and Steering Attosecond Electron Motion Using Tailored Ultrafast Laser Fields. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:401-412. [PMID: 38181198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
An ultrafast intense laser field is one of the most important tools to observe and manipulate electronic and nuclear dynamics with subcycle precision in highly nonlinear light-matter interactions, which provides access to attosecond chemistry and physics. In this review, we briefly summarize the protocol of attosecond chronoscopy and its application in probing the attosecond photoemission dynamics from atoms and molecules. We also review the control schemes of attosecond electron motion in atoms and molecules as well as molecular bond formation and cleavage with the assistance of tailored femtosecond laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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14
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Cabral Tenorio BN, Pedersen J, Barbatti M, Decleva P, Coriani S. Auger-Meitner and X-ray Absorption Spectra of Ethylene Cation: Insight into Conical Intersection Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:107-117. [PMID: 38134450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical investigation of the near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and the Auger-Meitner decay spectra of ethylene and its cation. Herein, we demonstrate that our method, coupled with the nuclear ensemble approach, successfully reproduces the natural bandwidth structure of the experimental resonant Auger-Meitner decay spectra of ethylene, which is not very well reproduced within the Franck-Condon approximation. Furthermore, we analyze the Auger-Meitner decay spectra of the ethylene cation in light of minimum energy conical intersection structures involving the two lowest cationic states (D1 and D0), providing valuable insights into the ultrafast D1/D0 relaxation dynamics. Our results suggest that Auger-Meitner electron spectroscopy can help elucidate the mechanism behind the initial 20 fs of the relaxation dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Nunes Cabral Tenorio
- DTU Chemistry─Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob Pedersen
- DTU Chemistry─Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, ICR, 13397 Marseille, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Piero Decleva
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali IOM-CNR and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, I-34121 Trieste, Italy
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry─Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Garratt D, Matthews M, Marangos J. Toward ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of organic photovoltaic devices. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2024; 11:010901. [PMID: 38250136 PMCID: PMC10799687 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Novel ultrafast x-ray sources based on high harmonic generation and at x-ray free electron lasers are opening up new opportunities to resolve complex ultrafast processes in condensed phase systems with exceptional temporal resolution and atomic site specificity. In this perspective, we present techniques for resolving charge localization, transfer, and separation processes in organic semiconductors and organic photovoltaic devices with time-resolved soft x-ray spectroscopy. We review recent results in ultrafast soft x-ray spectroscopy of these systems and discuss routes to overcome the technical challenges in performing time-resolved x-ray experiments on photosensitive materials with poor thermal conductivity and low pump intensity thresholds for nonlinear effects.
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16
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Bäuml L, Rott F, Schnappinger T, de Vivie-Riedle R. Following the Nonadiabatic Ultrafast Dynamics of Uracil via Simulated X-ray Absorption Spectra. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9787-9796. [PMID: 37955656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The nucleobase uracil exhibits high photostability due to ultrafast relaxation processes mediated by conical intersections (CoIns), where the interplay between nuclear and electron dynamics becomes crucial. In our previous study, we observed seemingly long-lived traces of electronic coherence for the relaxation process through the S2/S1 CoIn by applying our ansatz for coupled nuclear and electron dynamics in molecules (NEMol). In this work, we theoretically investigate how time-dependent transient X-ray absorption spectroscopy can be used to observe this ultrafast dynamics. Therefore, we calculated X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) for the oxygen K-edge, using a multireference protocol in combination with NEMol dynamics. Thus, we have access to both the transient XAS based on the nuclear wavepacket dynamics and the modulation of the signals caused by the electronic coherence induced by the excitation process and the presence of a CoIn seam. In both cases, we were able to qualitatively predict its influence on the resulting XAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bäuml
- Department of Chemistry, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Florian Rott
- Department of Chemistry, LMU Munich, Munich 81377, Germany
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17
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Morrigan L, Neville SP, Gregory M, Boguslavskiy AE, Forbes R, Wilkinson I, Lausten R, Stolow A, Schuurman MS, Hockett P, Makhija V. Ultrafast Molecular Frame Quantum Tomography. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:193001. [PMID: 38000424 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
We develop and experimentally demonstrate a methodology for a full molecular frame quantum tomography (MFQT) of dynamical polyatomic systems. We exemplify this approach through the complete characterization of an electronically nonadiabatic wave packet in ammonia (NH_{3}). The method exploits both energy and time-domain spectroscopic data, and yields the lab frame density matrix (LFDM) for the system, the elements of which are populations and coherences. The LFDM fully characterizes electronic and nuclear dynamics in the molecular frame, yielding the time- and orientation-angle dependent expectation values of any relevant operator. For example, the time-dependent molecular frame electronic probability density may be constructed, yielding information on electronic dynamics in the molecular frame. In NH_{3}, we observe that electronic coherences are induced by nuclear dynamics which nonadiabatically drive electronic motions (charge migration) in the molecular frame. Here, the nuclear dynamics are rotational and it is nonadiabatic Coriolis coupling which drives the coherences. Interestingly, the nuclear-driven electronic coherence is preserved over longer timescales. In general, MFQT can help quantify entanglement between electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom, and provide new routes to the study of ultrafast molecular dynamics, charge migration, quantum information processing, and optimal control schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Morrigan
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401, USA
| | - Simon P Neville
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Margaret Gregory
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401, USA
| | - Andrey E Boguslavskiy
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Iain Wilkinson
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Institute for Electronic Structure Dynamics, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rune Lausten
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Albert Stolow
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- NRC-uOttawa Joint Centre for Extreme and Quantum Photonics (JCEP), Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michael S Schuurman
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Paul Hockett
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Varun Makhija
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401, USA
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18
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Zinchenko KS, Ardana-Lamas F, Lanfaloni VU, Monahan N, Seidu I, Schuurman MS, Neville SP, Wörner HJ. Few-femtosecond electronic and structural rearrangements of CH4+ driven by the Jahn-Teller effect. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2023; 10:064303. [PMID: 38107247 PMCID: PMC10725303 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The Jahn-Teller effect (JTE) is central to the understanding of the physical and chemical properties of a broad variety of molecules and materials. Whereas the manifestations of the JTE in stationary properties of matter are relatively well studied, the study of JTE-induced dynamics is still in its infancy, largely owing to its ultrafast and non-adiabatic nature. For example, the time scales reported for the distortion of CH 4 + from the initial T d geometry to a nominal C 2 v relaxed structure range from 1.85 fs over 10 ± 2 fs to 20 ± 7 fs. Here, by combining element-specific attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy and quantum-dynamics simulations, we show that the initial electronic relaxation occurs within 5 fs and that the subsequent nuclear dynamics are dominated by the Q2 scissoring and Q1 symmetric stretching modes, which dephase in 41 ± 10 fs and 13 ± 3 fs, respectively. Significant structural relaxation is found to take place only along the e-symmetry Q2 mode. These results demonstrate that CH 4 + created by ionization of CH 4 is best thought of as a highly fluxional species that possesses a long-time-averaged vibrational distribution centered around a D 2 d structure. The methods demonstrated in our work provide guidelines for the understanding of Jahn-Teller driven non-adiabatic dynamics in other more complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nicholas Monahan
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Issaka Seidu
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Li H, Li Y, Sun B, He K, Gao G, Chen P, Song W, Wang X, Tian J. Resolution enhancement via guided filtering for spatial-frequency multiplexing single-shot high-speed imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:34074-34087. [PMID: 37859172 DOI: 10.1364/oe.501678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The frequency recognition algorithm for multiple exposures (FRAME) is a progressive single-shot high-speed videography technique that employs the spatial-frequency multiplexing concept to provide high temporal and spatial resolution. However, the inherent crosstalk from the zero-frequency component to the carrier-frequency component leads to resolution degradation and artifacts. To improve recovered frames' quality, we propose a FRAME reconstruction method using guided filters for a removal of the zero-frequency component, which can minimize the artifacts while enhance spatial resolution. A total variation (TV) denoising operation is involved to remove artifacts further to achieve optimized performances. Simulations and experiments were conducted to demonstrate the robust and efficient post-processing capability of the proposed method. With a two-frame experimental system, the results of a USAF 1951 resolution target reveal a 1.8-fold improvement in spatial resolution from 16 lp/mm to 28.5 lp/mm. For complex dynamic scenarios, the wide field of high-speed fuel spray was shot and the proposed method can resolve two droplets with a 30 μm distance which outperforms the traditional method.
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20
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Yang Y, Ren H, Zhang M, Zhou S, Mu X, Li X, Wang Z, Deng K, Li M, Ma P, Li Z, Hao X, Li W, Chen J, Wang C, Ding D. H 2 formation via non-Born-Oppenheimer hydrogen migration in photoionized ethane. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4951. [PMID: 37587115 PMCID: PMC10432507 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutral H2 formation via intramolecular hydrogen migration in hydrocarbon molecules plays a vital role in many chemical and biological processes. Here, employing cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy (COLTRIMS) and pump-probe technique, we find that the non-adiabatic coupling between the ground and excited ionic states of ethane through conical intersection leads to a significantly high yield of neutral H2 fragment. Based on the analysis of fingerprints that are sensitive to orbital symmetry and electronic state energies in the photoelectron momentum distributions, we tag the initial electronic population of both the ground and excited ionic states and determine the branching ratios of H2 formation channel from those two states. Incorporating theoretical simulation, we established the timescale of the H2 formation to be ~1300 fs. We provide a comprehensive characterization of H2 formation in ionic states of ethane mediated by conical intersection and reveals the significance of non-adiabatic coupling dynamics in the intramolecular hydrogen migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhang Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Shengpeng Zhou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangxu Mu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Deng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxuan Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, 226010, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Weidong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, 518118, Shenzhen, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
| | - Dajun Ding
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
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21
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Yin Z, Chang YP, Balčiūnas T, Shakya Y, Djorović A, Gaulier G, Fazio G, Santra R, Inhester L, Wolf JP, Wörner HJ. Femtosecond proton transfer in urea solutions probed by X-ray spectroscopy. Nature 2023; 619:749-754. [PMID: 37380782 PMCID: PMC10371863 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06182-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer is one of the most fundamental events in aqueous-phase chemistry and an emblematic case of coupled ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics1,2. Disentangling electronic and nuclear dynamics on the femtosecond timescales remains a formidable challenge, especially in the liquid phase, the natural environment of biochemical processes. Here we exploit the unique features of table-top water-window X-ray absorption spectroscopy3-6 to reveal femtosecond proton-transfer dynamics in ionized urea dimers in aqueous solution. Harnessing the element specificity and the site selectivity of X-ray absorption spectroscopy with the aid of ab initio quantum-mechanical and molecular-mechanics calculations, we show how, in addition to the proton transfer, the subsequent rearrangement of the urea dimer and the associated change of the electronic structure can be identified with site selectivity. These results establish the considerable potential of flat-jet, table-top X-ray absorption spectroscopy7,8 in elucidating solution-phase ultrafast dynamics in biomolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Yin
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- International Center for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Yi-Ping Chang
- GAP-Biophotonics, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Tadas Balčiūnas
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- GAP-Biophotonics, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yashoj Shakya
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Fazio
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany.
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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22
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Zou X, Bericat Vadell R, Cai B, Geng X, Dey A, Liu Y, Gudmundsson A, Meng J, Sá J. Ultrafast Infrared-to-Visible Photon Upconversion on Plasmon/TiO 2 Solid Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6255-6262. [PMID: 37390337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Optical upconversion via a multiphoton absorption process converts incoherent low-energy photons to shorter wavelengths. In this contribution, we report a solid-state thin film for infrared-to-visible upconversion composed of plasmonic/TiO2 interfaces. When excited at λ = 800 nm, three photons are absorbed, leading to the excitation of TiO2 trap states into an emissive state in the visible domain. The plasmonic nanoparticle enhances the light absorption capabilities of the semiconductor, increasing emission efficiency by 20 times. We demonstrate that the plasmonic nanoparticle only changes the optical absorption of the semiconductor; i.e., the process is purely photonic. The process occurs in the ultrafast domain (<10 ps), contrasting with molecular triplet-triplet exciton annihilation, the commonly used method in photon upconversion, in the nano- to microsecond time scales. The process utilizes pre-existing trap states within the semiconductor bandgap and involves three-photon absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshao Zou
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, People's Republic of China
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Bericat Vadell
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bin Cai
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xinjian Geng
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ananta Dey
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yawen Liu
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Axel Gudmundsson
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jie Meng
- Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacinto Sá
- Physical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
- Peafowl Plasmonics AB, Uppsala 756 51, Sweden
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Hansen T, Bezriadina T, Popova-Gorelova D. Theoretical Description of Attosecond X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy of Frenkel Exciton Dynamics. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114502. [PMID: 37298978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Frenkel excitons are responsible for the transport of light energy in many molecular systems. Coherent electron dynamics govern the initial stage of Frenkel-exciton transfer. Capability to follow coherent exciton dynamics in real time will help to reveal their actual contribution to the efficiency of light-harvesting. Attosecond X-ray pulses are the tool with the necessary temporal resolution to resolve pure electronic processes with atomic sensitivity. We describe how attosecond X-ray pulses can probe coherent electronic processes during Frenkel-exciton transport in molecular aggregates. We analyze time-resolved absorption cross section taking broad spectral bandwidth of an attosecond pulse into account. We demonstrate that attosecond X-ray absorption spectra can reveal delocalization degree of coherent exciton transfer dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hansen
- I. Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatiana Bezriadina
- I. Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22671 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daria Popova-Gorelova
- I. Institute for Theoretical Physics, Universität Hamburg, Notkestr. 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22671 Hamburg, Germany
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24
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Ridente E, Hait D, Haugen EA, Ross AD, Neumark DM, Head-Gordon M, Leone SR. Femtosecond symmetry breaking and coherent relaxation of methane cations via x-ray spectroscopy. Science 2023; 380:713-717. [PMID: 37141314 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg4421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the relaxation pathways of photoexcited molecules is essential to gain atomistic level insight into photochemistry. Herein, we performed a time-resolved study of ultrafast molecular symmetry breaking via geometric relaxation (Jahn-Teller distortion) on the methane cation. Attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy with soft X-rays at the carbon K-edge revealed that the distortion occurred within 10 ± 2 femtoseconds after few-femtosecond strong-field ionization of methane. The distortion activated coherent oscillations in the asymmetric scissoring vibrational mode of the symmetry broken cation, which were detected in the X-ray signal. These oscillations were damped within 58 ± 13 femtoseconds, as vibrational coherence was lost with the energy redistributing into lower-frequency vibrational modes. This study completely reconstructs the molecular relaxation dynamics of this prototypical example and opens new avenues for exploring complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ridente
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Eric A Haugen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew D Ross
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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25
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Truong TC, Beetar JE, Chini M. Light-field synthesizer based on multidimensional solitary states in hollow-core fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2397-2400. [PMID: 37126282 DOI: 10.1364/ol.487607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Few-cycle, long-wavelength sources for generating isolated attosecond soft x ray pulses typically rely upon complex laser architectures. Here, we demonstrate a comparatively simple setup for generating sub-two-cycle pulses in the short-wave infrared based on multidimensional solitary states in an N2O-filled hollow-core fiber and a two-channel light-field synthesizer. Due to the temporal phase imprinted by the rotational nonlinearity of the molecular gas, the redshifted (from 1.03 to 1.36 µm central wavelength) supercontinuum pulses generated from a Yb-doped laser amplifier are compressed from 280 to 7 fs using only bulk materials for dispersion compensation.
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26
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Keefer D, Cavaletto SM, Rouxel JR, Garavelli M, Yong H, Mukamel S. Ultrafast X-Ray Probes of Elementary Molecular Events. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2023; 74:73-97. [PMID: 37093660 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-062322-051532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Elementary events that determine photochemical outcomes and molecular functionalities happen on the femtosecond and subfemtosecond timescales. Among the most ubiquitous events are the nonadiabatic dynamics taking place at conical intersections. These facilitate ultrafast, nonradiative transitions between electronic states in molecules that can outcompete slower relaxation mechanisms such as fluorescence. The rise of ultrafast X-ray sources, which provide intense light pulses with ever-shorter durations and larger observation bandwidths, has fundamentally revolutionized our spectroscopic capabilities to detect conical intersections. Recent theoretical studies have demonstrated an entirely new signature emerging once a molecule traverses a conical intersection, giving detailed insights into the coupled nuclear and electronic motions that underlie, facilitate, and ultimately determine the ultrafast molecular dynamics. Following a summary of current sources and experiments, we survey these techniques and provide a unified overview of their capabilities. We discuss their potential to dramatically increase our understanding of ultrafast photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; ,
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; ,
- Current affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jérémy R Rouxel
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR CNRS 5516, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; ,
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; ,
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27
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Cavaletto SM, Nam Y, Rouxel JR, Keefer D, Yong H, Mukamel S. Attosecond Monitoring of Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics by Transient X-ray Transmission Spectroscopy. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2327-2339. [PMID: 37015111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Tracing the evolution of molecular coherences can provide a direct, unambiguous probe of nonadiabatic molecular processes, such as the passage through conical intersections of electronic states. Two techniques, attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) and Transient Redistribution of Ultrafast Electronic Coherences in Attosecond Raman Signals (TRUECARS), have been used or proposed for monitoring nonadiabatic molecular dynamics. Both techniques employ the transmission of a weak attosecond extreme-ultraviolet or X-ray probe to interrogate the molecule at controllable time delays with respect to an optical pump, thereby extracting dynamical information from transient spectral features. The connection between these techniques has not been firmly established yet. In this theoretical study, we provide a unified description of both transient transmission techniques, establishing their relationship as limits of the same pump-probe spectroscopy technique for different pulse parameter regimes. We demonstrate this by quantum dynamical simulations of thiophenol photodissociation and show how complementary coherence information can be revealed by the two techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano M Cavaletto
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yeonsig Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jérémy R Rouxel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Étienne 42023, France
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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28
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Hollerith S, Zeiher J. Rydberg Macrodimers: Diatomic Molecules on the Micrometer Scale. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:3925-3939. [PMID: 36977279 PMCID: PMC10184126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Controlling molecular binding at the level of single atoms is one of the holy grails of quantum chemistry. Rydberg macrodimers─bound states between highly excited Rydberg atoms─provide a novel perspective in this direction. Resulting from binding potentials formed by the strong, long-range interactions of Rydberg states, Rydberg macrodimers feature bond lengths in the micrometer regime, exceeding those of conventional molecules by orders of magnitude. Using single-atom control in quantum gas microscopes, the unique properties of these exotic states can be studied with unprecedented control, including the response to magnetic fields or the polarization of light in their photoassociation. The high accuracy achieved in spectroscopic studies of macrodimers makes them an ideal testbed to benchmark Rydberg interactions, with direct relevance to quantum computing and information protocols where these are employed. This review provides a historic overview and summarizes the recent findings in the field of Rydberg macrodimers. Furthermore, it presents new data on interactions between macrodimers, leading to a phenomenon analogous to Rydberg blockade at the level of molecules, opening the path toward studying many-body systems of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hollerith
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes Zeiher
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), 80799 Munich, Germany
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29
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Huang M, Evangelista FA. A study of core-excited states of organic molecules computed with the generalized active space driven similarity renormalization group. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:124112. [PMID: 37003756 DOI: 10.1063/5.0137096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This work examines the accuracy and precision of x-ray absorption spectra computed with a multireference approach that combines generalized active space (GAS) references with the driven similarity renormalization group (DSRG). We employ the x-ray absorption benchmark of organic molecule (XABOOM) set, consisting of 116 transitions from mostly organic molecules [Fransson et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput. 17, 1618 (2021)]. Several approximations to a full-valence active space are examined and benchmarked. Absolute excitation energies and intensities computed with the GAS-DSRG truncated to second-order in perturbation theory are found to systematically underestimate experimental and reference theoretical values. Third-order perturbative corrections significantly improve the accuracy of GAS-DSRG absolute excitation energies, bringing the mean absolute deviation from experimental values down to 0.32 eV. The ozone molecule and glyoxylic acid are particularly challenging for second-order perturbation theory and are examined in detail to assess the importance of active space truncation and intruder states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Francesco A Evangelista
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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30
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Waters MDJ, Ng ZX, Monahan NR, Wörner HJ. Ultrafast Imaging of the Jahn-Teller Topography in Carbon Tetrachloride. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7659-7666. [PMID: 36952597 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct time-domain observation of ultrafast dynamics driven by the Jahn-Teller effect. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a vacuum-ultraviolet femtosecond source to prepare high-lying Rydberg states of carbon tetrachloride, our measurements reveal the local topography of a Jahn-Teller conical intersection. The pump pulse prepares a configurationally mixed superposition of the degenerate 1T2 4p-Rydberg states, which then distorts through spontaneous symmetry breaking that we identify to follow the t2 bending motion. Photoionization of these states to three cationic states 2T1, 2T2, and 2E reveals a shift in the center-of-mass of the photoelectron peaks associated with the 2Tn states which reveals the local topography of the Jahn-Teller conical intersection region prepared by the pump pulse. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations confirm that the dominant nuclear motion observed in the spectrum is the CCl4 t2 bending mode. The large density of states in the VUV spectral region at 9.33 eV of carbon tetrachloride and strong vibronic coupling result in ultrafast decay of the excited-state signal with a time constant of 75(4) fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max D J Waters
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zi Xuan Ng
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas R Monahan
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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31
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Zinchenko KS, Ardana-Lamas F, Lanfaloni VU, Luu TT, Pertot Y, Huppert M, Wörner HJ. Apparatus for attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy in the water-window soft-X-ray region. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3059. [PMID: 36810355 PMCID: PMC9944907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
We present an apparatus for attosecond transient-absorption spectroscopy (ATAS) featuring soft-X-ray (SXR) supercontinua that extend beyond 450 eV. This instrument combines an attosecond table-top high-harmonic light source with mid-infrared (mid-IR) pulses, both driven by 1.7-1.9 mJ, sub-11 fs pulses centered at 1.76 [Formula: see text]m. A remarkably low timing jitter of [Formula: see text] 20 as is achieved through active stabilization of the pump and probe arms of the instrument. A temporal resolution of better than 400 as is demonstrated through ATAS measurements at the argon L[Formula: see text]-edges. A spectral resolving power of 1490 is demonstrated through simultaneous absorption measurements at the sulfur L[Formula: see text]- and carbon K-edges of OCS. Coupled with its high SXR photon flux, this instrument paves the way to attosecond time-resolved spectroscopy of organic molecules in the gas phase or in aqueous solutions, as well as thin films of advanced materials. Such measurements will advance the studies of complex systems to the electronic time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S. Zinchenko
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Ardana-Lamas
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland. .,European XFEL GmbH, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.
| | - Valentina Utrio Lanfaloni
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tran Trung Luu
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, SAR Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yoann Pertot
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Huppert
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.5991.40000 0001 1090 7501Paul Scherrer Institut, PSI, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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32
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Chordiya K, Despré V, Nagyillés B, Zeller F, Diveki Z, Kuleff AI, Kahaly MU. Photo-ionization initiated differential ultrafast charge migration: impacts of molecular symmetries and tautomeric forms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:4472-4480. [PMID: 36317562 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photo-ionization induced ultrafast electron dynamics is considered as a precursor for the slower nuclear dynamics associated with molecular dissociation. Here, using the ab initio multielectron wave-packet propagation method, we study the overall many-electron dynamics, triggered by ionizing the outer-valence orbitals of different tautomers for a prototype molecule with more than one symmetry element. From the time evolution of the initially created averaged hole density of each system, we identify distinctly different charge dynamics responses in the tautomers. We observe that the keto form shows a charge migration direction away from the nitrogen bonded with hydrogen, while in enol-U - away from oxygen bonded to hydrogen. Additionally, the dynamics following the ionization of molecular orbitals with different symmetries reveals that a' orbitals show a fast and highly delocalized charge density in comparison to a'' symmetry. These observations indicate why different tautomers respond differently to an XUV ionization, and might explain the subsequent different fragmentation pathways. An experimental schematics allowing the detection and reconstruction of such charge dynamics is also proposed. Although the present study uses a simple, prototypical bio-relevant molecule, it reveals the explicit role of molecular symmetry and tautomerism in the ionization-triggered charge migration that controls many ultrafast physical, chemical, and biological processes, making tautomeric forms a promising tool of molecular design for desired charge migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Chordiya
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged, H-6728, Hungary. .,Institute of Physics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Victor Despré
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Balázs Nagyillés
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged, H-6728, Hungary. .,Institute of Physics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Felix Zeller
- Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Zsolt Diveki
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged, H-6728, Hungary.
| | - Alexander I Kuleff
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged, H-6728, Hungary. .,Theoretische Chemie, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Mousumi Upadhyay Kahaly
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3., Szeged, H-6728, Hungary. .,Institute of Physics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, H-6720, Szeged, Hungary
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33
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Element- and enantiomer-selective visualization of molecular motion in real-time. Nat Commun 2023; 14:386. [PMID: 36693825 PMCID: PMC9873934 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast optical-domain spectroscopies allow to monitor in real time the motion of nuclei in molecules. Achieving element-selectivity had to await the advent of time resolved X-ray spectroscopy, which is now commonly carried at X-ray free electron lasers. However, detecting light element that are commonly encountered in organic molecules, remained elusive due to the need to work under vacuum. Here, we present an impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) pump/carbon K-edge absorption probe investigation, which allowed observation of the low-frequency vibrational modes involving specific selected carbon atoms in the Ibuprofen RS dimer. Remarkably, by controlling the probe light polarization we can preferentially access the enantiomer of the dimer to which the carbon atoms belong.
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34
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Boeije Y, Olivucci M. From a one-mode to a multi-mode understanding of conical intersection mediated ultrafast organic photochemical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2643-2687. [PMID: 36970950 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses how ultrafast organic photochemical reactions are controlled by conical intersections, highlighting that decay to the ground-state at multiple points of the intersection space results in their multi-mode character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorrick Boeije
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Chemistry Department, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro n. 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Overman Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
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35
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Lucchini M, Mignolet B, Murari M, Gonçalves CEM, Lucarelli GD, Frassetto F, Poletto L, Remacle F, Nisoli M. Few-Femtosecond C 2H 4+ Internal Relaxation Dynamics Accessed by Selective Excitation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11169-11175. [PMID: 36445180 PMCID: PMC9937561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dissociation of the ethylene cation is a prototypical multistep pathway in which the exact mechanisms leading to internal energy conversions are not fully known. For example, it is still unclear how the energy is exactly redistributed among the internal modes and which step is rate-determining. Here we use few-femtosecond extreme-ultraviolet pulses of tunable energy to excite a different superposition of the four lowest states of C2H4+ and probe the subsequent fast relaxation with a short infrared pulse. Our results demonstrate that the infrared pulse photoexcites the cationic ground state (GS) to higher excited states, producing a hot GS upon relaxation, which enhances the fragmentation yield. As the photoexcitation probability of the GS strongly depends on the molecular geometry, the probing by the IR pulse provides information about the ultrafast excited-state dynamics and the type of conical intersection (planar or twisted) involved in the first 20 fs of the nonradiative relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lucchini
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Benoit Mignolet
- Theoretical
Physical Chemistry, UR MOLSYS, University
of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mario Murari
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cayo E. M. Gonçalves
- Theoretical
Physical Chemistry, UR MOLSYS, University
of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Fabio Frassetto
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Poletto
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Françoise Remacle
- Theoretical
Physical Chemistry, UR MOLSYS, University
of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute
for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
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36
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Schnappinger T, Jadoun D, Gudem M, Kowalewski M. Time-resolved X-ray and XUV based spectroscopic methods for nonadiabatic processes in photochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12763-12781. [PMID: 36317595 PMCID: PMC9671098 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04875b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of numerous molecular systems is influenced by conical intersections (CIs). These omnipresent nonadiabatic phenomena provide ultra-fast radiationless relaxation channels by creating degeneracies between electronic states and decide over the final photoproducts. In their presence, the Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down, and the timescales of the electron and nuclear dynamics become comparable. Due to the ultra-fast dynamics and the complex interplay between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom, the direct experimental observation of nonadiabatic processes close to CIs remains challenging. In this article, we give a theoretical perspective on novel spectroscopic techniques capable of observing clear signatures of CIs. We discuss methods that are based on ultra-short laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray regime, as their spectral and temporal resolution allow for resolving the ultra-fast dynamics near CIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schnappinger
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Deependra Jadoun
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mahesh Gudem
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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37
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Kobayashi Y, Leone SR. Characterizing coherences in chemical dynamics with attosecond time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:180901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0119942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherence can drive wave-like motion of electrons and nuclei in photoexcited systems, which can yield fast and efficient ways to exert materials’ functionalities beyond the thermodynamic limit. The search for coherent phenomena has been a central topic in chemical physics although their direct characterization is often elusive. Here, we highlight recent advances in time-resolved x-ray absorption spectroscopy (tr-XAS) to investigate coherent phenomena, especially those that utilize the eminent light source of isolated attosecond pulses. The unparalleled time and state sensitivities of tr-XAS in tandem with the unique element specificity render the method suitable to study valence electronic dynamics in a wide variety of materials. The latest studies have demonstrated the capabilities of tr-XAS to characterize coupled electronic–structural coherence in small molecules and coherent light–matter interactions of core-excited excitons in solids. We address current opportunities and challenges in the exploration of coherent phenomena, with potential applications for energy- and bio-related systems, potential crossings, strongly driven solids, and quantum materials. With the ongoing developments in both theory and light sources, tr-XAS holds great promise for revealing the role of coherences in chemical dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kobayashi
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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38
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Gregory M, Neville S, Schuurman M, Makhija V. A laboratory frame density matrix for ultrafast quantum molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:164301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0109607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In most cases, the ultrafast dynamics of resonantly excited molecules are considered and almost always computed in the molecular frame, while experiments are carried out in the laboratory frame. Here, we provide a formalism in terms of a lab frame density matrix, which connects quantum dynamics in the molecular frame to those in the laboratory frame, providing a transparent link between computation and measurement. The formalism reveals that in any such experiment, the molecular frame dynamics vary for molecules in different orientations and that certain coherences, which are potentially experimentally accessible, are rejected by the orientation-averaged reduced vibronic density matrix. Instead, molecular angular distribution moments are introduced as a more accurate representation of experimentally accessible information. Furthermore, the formalism provides a clear definition of a molecular frame quantum tomography and specifies the requirements to perform such a measurement enabling the experimental imaging of molecular frame vibronic dynamics. Successful completion of such a measurement fully characterizes the molecular frame quantum dynamics for a molecule at any orientation in the laboratory frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gregory
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, 1301 College Avenue, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401, USA
| | - Simon Neville
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michael Schuurman
- National Research Council Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Varun Makhija
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, University of Mary Washington, 1301 College Avenue, Fredericksburg, Virginia 22401, USA
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39
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Kleine C, Winghart MO, Zhang ZY, Richter M, Ekimova M, Eckert S, Vrakking MJJ, Nibbering ETJ, Rouzée A, Grant ER. Electronic State Population Dynamics upon Ultrafast Strong Field Ionization and Fragmentation of Molecular Nitrogen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:123002. [PMID: 36179157 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air lasing from single ionized N_{2}^{+} molecules induced by laser filamentation in air has been intensively investigated and the mechanisms responsible for lasing are currently highly debated. We use ultrafast nitrogen K-edge spectroscopy to follow the strong field ionization and fragmentation dynamics of N_{2} upon interaction with an ultrashort 800 nm laser pulse. Using probe pulses generated by extreme high-order harmonic generation, we observe transitions indicative of the formation of the electronic ground X^{2}Σ_{g}^{+}, first excited A^{2}Π_{u}, and second excited B^{2}Σ_{u}^{+} states of N_{2}^{+} on femtosecond timescales, from which we can quantitatively determine the time-dependent electronic state population distribution dynamics of N_{2}^{+}. Our results show a remarkably low population of the A^{2}Π_{u} state, and nearly equal populations of the X^{2}Σ_{g}^{+} and B^{2}Σ_{u}^{+} states. In addition, we observe fragmentation of N_{2}^{+} into N and N^{+} on a timescale of several tens of picoseconds that we assign to significant collisional dynamics in the plasma, resulting in dissociative excitation of N_{2}^{+}.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Kleine
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc-Oliver Winghart
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhuang-Yan Zhang
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Richter
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Ekimova
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Eckert
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc J J Vrakking
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Erik T J Nibbering
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnaud Rouzée
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edward R Grant
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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40
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Yong H, Rouxel JR, Keefer D, Mukamel S. Direct Monitoring of Conical Intersection Passage via Electronic Coherences in Twisted X-Ray Diffraction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:103001. [PMID: 36112435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum coherences in electronic motions play a critical role in determining the pathways and outcomes of virtually all photophysical and photochemical molecular processes. However, the direct observation of electronic coherences in the vicinity of conical intersections remains a formidable challenge. We propose a novel time-resolved twisted x-ray diffraction technique that can directly monitor the electronic coherences created as the molecule passes through a conical intersection. We show that the contribution of electronic populations to this signal is canceled out when using twisted x-ray beams that carry a light orbital angular momentum, providing a direct measurement of transient electronic coherences in gas-phase molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Jérémy R Rouxel
- University Lyon, UJM-Saint-Étienne, CNRS, Graduate School Optics Institute, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, Saint-Étienne 42023, France
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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41
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Vacher M, Boyer A, Loriot V, Lépine F, Nandi S. Few-Femtosecond Isotope Effect in Polyatomic Molecules Ionized by Extreme Ultraviolet Attosecond Pulse Trains. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5692-5701. [PMID: 35994358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Following ionization by an extreme ultraviolet (XUV) attosecond pulse train, a polyatomic molecule can be promoted to more-than-one excited states of the residual ion. The ensuing relaxation dynamics is often facilitated by several reaction coordinates, making them difficult to disentangle by the usual spectroscopic means. Here, we show that in atto-chemistry isotope labeling can be an efficient tool for unraveling the relaxation pathways in highly excited photoionized molecules. Employing an XUV pump pulse and a near-infrared probe pulse, we found the nuclear as well as coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in ethylene to be almost 40% faster compared to that of its deuterated counterpart. The findings, which are supported by advanced nonadiabatic dynamics calculations, led to the identification of the relevant nuclear coordinates controlling the relaxation. Our experiment highlights the relevance of ultrashort XUV pulses to capture the isotopic effect in few-femtosecond molecular photodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Vacher
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44300 Nantes, France
| | - Alexie Boyer
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Loriot
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Lépine
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Saikat Nandi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
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42
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Sun R, Liu M, Wang P, Qin Y, Schnedermann C, Maher AG, Zheng SL, Liu S, Chen B, Zhang S, Dogutan DK, Lindsey JS, Nocera DG. Syntheses and Properties of Metalated Tetradehydrocorrins. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12308-12317. [PMID: 35892197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The monoanionic tetrapyrrolic macrocycle B,C-tetradehydrocorrin (TDC) resides chemically between corroles and corrins. This chemical space remains largely unexplored due to a lack of reliable synthetic strategies. We now report the preparation and characterization of Co(II)- and Ni(II)-metalated TDC derivatives ([Co-TDC]+ and [Ni-TDC]+, respectively) with a combination of crystallographic, electrochemical, computational, and spectroscopic techniques. [Ni-TDC]+ was found to undergo primarily ligand-centered electrochemical reduction, leading to hydrogenation of the macrocycle under cathodic electrolysis in the presence of acid. Transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy reveals that [Ni-TDC]+ and the two-electron-reduced [Ni-TDC]- possess long-lived excited states, whereas the excited state of singly reduced [Ni-TDC] exhibits picosecond dynamics. The Co(I) compound [Co-TDC] is air stable, highlighting the notable property of the TDC ligand to stabilize low-valent metal centers in contradistinction to other tetrapyrroles such as corroles, which typically stabilize metals in higher oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Mengran Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Pengzhi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yangzhong Qin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christoph Schnedermann
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Andrew G Maher
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Boyang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Shaofei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Dilek K Dogutan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Jonathan S Lindsey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Daniel G Nocera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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43
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Zinchenko KS, Ardana-Lamas F, Utrio Lanfaloni V, Pertot Y, Luu TT, Wörner HJ. Energy scaling of carrier-envelope-phase-stable sub-two-cycle pulses at 1.76 µm from hollow-core-fiber compression to 1.9 mJ. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:22376-22387. [PMID: 36224936 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the energy scaling of a sub-two-cycle (10.4 fs) carrier-envelope-phase-stable light source centered at 1.76 µm to 1.9 mJ pulse energy. The light source is based on an optimized spectral-broadening scheme in a hollow-core fiber and a consecutive pulse compression with bulk material. This is, to our knowledge, the highest pulse energy reported to date from this type of sources. We demonstrate the application of this improved source to the generation of bright water-window soft-X-ray high harmonics. Combined with the short pulse duration, this source paves the way to the attosecond time-resolved water-window spectroscopy of complex molecules in aqueous solutions.
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44
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Borrego-Varillas R, Lucchini M, Nisoli M. Attosecond spectroscopy for the investigation of ultrafast dynamics in atomic, molecular and solid-state physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:066401. [PMID: 35294930 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac5e7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Since the first demonstration of the generation of attosecond pulses (1 as = 10-18s) in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral region, several measurement techniques have been introduced, at the beginning for the temporal characterization of the pulses, and immediately after for the investigation of electronic and nuclear ultrafast dynamics in atoms, molecules and solids with unprecedented temporal resolution. The attosecond spectroscopic tools established in the last two decades, together with the development of sophisticated theoretical methods for the interpretation of the experimental outcomes, allowed to unravel and investigate physical processes never observed before, such as the delay in photoemission from atoms and solids, the motion of electrons in molecules after prompt ionization which precede any notable nuclear motion, the temporal evolution of the tunneling process in dielectrics, and many others. This review focused on applications of attosecond techniques to the investigation of ultrafast processes in atoms, molecules and solids. Thanks to the introduction and ongoing developments of new spectroscopic techniques, the attosecond science is rapidly moving towards the investigation, understanding and control of coupled electron-nuclear dynamics in increasingly complex systems, with ever more accurate and complete investigation techniques. Here we will review the most common techniques presenting the latest results in atoms, molecules and solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Lucchini
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Nisoli
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
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45
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Restaino L, Jadoun D, Kowalewski M. Probing nonadiabatic dynamics with attosecond pulse trains and soft x-ray Raman spectroscopy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:034101. [PMID: 35774244 PMCID: PMC9239728 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Linear off-resonant x-ray Raman techniques are capable of detecting the ultrafast electronic coherences generated when a photoexcited wave packet passes through a conical intersection. A hybrid femtosecond or attosecond probe pulse is employed to excite the system and stimulate the emission of the signal photon, where both fields are components of a hybrid pulse scheme. In this paper, we investigate how attosecond pulse trains, as provided by high-harmonic generation processes, perform as probe pulses in the framework of this spectroscopic technique, instead of single Gaussian pulses. We explore different combination schemes for the probe pulse as well as the impact of parameters of the pulse trains on the signals. Furthermore, we show how Raman selection rules and symmetry consideration affect the spectroscopic signal, and we discuss the importance of vibrational contributions to the overall signal. We use two different model systems, representing molecules of different symmetries, and quantum dynamics simulations to study the difference in the spectra. The results suggest that such pulse trains are well suited to capture the key features associated with the electronic coherence.
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46
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Nam Y, Montorsi F, Keefer D, Cavaletto SM, Lee JY, Nenov A, Garavelli M, Mukamel S. Time-Resolved Optical Pump-Resonant X-ray Probe Spectroscopy of 4-Thiouracil: A Simulation Study. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3075-3088. [PMID: 35476905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically monitor the photoinduced ππ* → nπ* internal conversion process in 4-thiouracil (4TU), triggered by an optical pump. The element-sensitive spectroscopic signatures are recorded by a resonant X-ray probe tuned to the sulfur, oxygen, or nitrogen K-edge. We employ high-level electronic structure methods optimized for core-excited electronic structure calculation combined with quantum nuclear wavepacket dynamics computed on two relevant nuclear modes, fully accounting for their quantum nature of nuclear motions. We critically discuss the capabilities and limitations of the resonant technique. For sulfur and nitrogen, we document a pre-edge spectral window free from ground-state background and rich with ππ* and nπ* absorption features. The lowest sulfur K-edge shows strong absorption for both ππ* and nπ*. In the lowest nitrogen K-edge window, we resolve a state-specific fingerprint of the ππ* and an approximate timing of the conical intersection via its depletion. A spectral signature of the nπ* transition, not accessible by UV-vis spectroscopy, is identified. The oxygen K-edge is not sensitive to molecular deformations and gives steady transient absorption features without spectral dynamics. The ππ*/nπ* coherence information is masked by more intense contributions from populations. Altogether, element-specific time-resolved resonant X-ray spectroscopy provides a detailed picture of the electronic excited-state dynamics and therefore a sensitive window into the photophysics of thiobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsig Nam
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States.,Convergence Research Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Universita' degli Studi di Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Convergence Research Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Universita' degli Studi di Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Universita' degli Studi di Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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47
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Chang KF, Wang H, Poullain SM, González-Vázquez J, Bañares L, Prendergast D, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Conical intersection and coherent vibrational dynamics in alkyl iodides captured by attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:114304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0086775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photodissociation dynamics of alkyl iodides along the C–I bond are captured by attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy employing resonant ∼20 fs UV pump pulses. The methodology of previous experiments on CH3I [Chang et al., J. Chem. Phys. 154, 234301 (2021)] is extended to the investigation of a C–I bond-breaking reaction in the dissociative A-band of C2H5I, i-C3H7I, and t-C4H9I. Probing iodine 4 d core-to-valence transitions in the XUV enables one to map wave packet bifurcation at a conical intersection in the A-band as well as coherent vibrations in the ground state of the parent molecules. Analysis of spectroscopic bifurcation signatures yields conical intersection crossing times of 15 ± 4 fs for CH3I, 14 ± 5 fs for C2H5I, and 24 ± 4 fs for i-C3H7I and t-C4H9I, respectively. Observations of coherent vibrations, resulting from a projection of A-band structural dynamics onto the ground state by resonant impulsive stimulated Raman scattering, indirectly reveal multimode C–I stretch and CCI bend vibrations in the A-bands of C2H5I, i-C3H7I, and t-C4H9I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina F. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sonia M. Poullain
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Institute of Advanced Research on Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanoscience), Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Prendergast
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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48
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Electronic coherences in nonadiabatic molecular photophysics revealed by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121383119. [PMID: 35254910 PMCID: PMC8931378 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121383119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance
Time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES) is a promising technique for the study of ultrafast molecular processes, such as the nonadiabatic dynamics taking place at conical intersections. Directly accessing the evolution of the coherences generated at the conical intersection should provide most valuable dynamical information. However, the signals are dominated by background contributions due to state populations, and most theoretical treatments completely neglect the role of the coherences. Here we show that distinguishable signatures of molecular coherences appear in TRPES. These can be recorded using currently available ultrashort pulses and unambiguously extracted at the postprocessing stage. The technique thus provides direct access to nonadiabatic coherence dynamics.
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49
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Omiya K, Nakagawa YO, Koh S, Mizukami W, Gao Q, Kobayashi T. Analytical Energy Gradient for State-Averaged Orbital-Optimized Variational Quantum Eigensolvers and Its Application to a Photochemical Reaction. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:741-748. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Omiya
- QunaSys Inc., Aqua Hakusan Building 9F, 1-13-7 Hakusan, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0001, Japan
- Department of Physics, ETH Zürich, CH 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, LSM. NES, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yuya O. Nakagawa
- QunaSys Inc., Aqua Hakusan Building 9F, 1-13-7 Hakusan, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0001, Japan
| | - Sho Koh
- QunaSys Inc., Aqua Hakusan Building 9F, 1-13-7 Hakusan, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0001, Japan
| | - Wataru Mizukami
- Center for Quantum Information and Quantum Biology, Osaka University, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Qi Gao
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Science & Innovation Center, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
| | - Takao Kobayashi
- Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Science & Innovation Center, 1000, Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-8502, Japan
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50
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Nam Y, Keefer D, Nenov A, Conti I, Aleotti F, Segatta F, Lee JY, Garavelli M, Mukamel S. Conical Intersection Passages of Molecules Probed by X-ray Diffraction and Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12300-12309. [PMID: 34931839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CoIns) play an important role in ultrafast relaxation channels. Their monitoring remains a formidable experimental challenge. We theoretically compare the probing of the S2 → S1 CoIn passage in 4-thiouracil by monitoring its vibronic coherences, using off-resonant X-ray-stimulated Raman spectroscopy (TRUECARS) and time-resolved X-ray diffraction (TRXD). The quantum nuclear wavepacket (WP) dynamics provides an accurate picture of the photoinduced dynamics. Upon photoexcitation, the WP oscillates among the Franck-Condon point, the S2 minimum, and the CoIn with a 70 fs period. A vibronic coherence first emerges at 20 fs and can be observed until the S2 state is fully depopulated. The distribution of the vibronic frequencies involved in the coherence is recorded by the TRUECARS spectrogram. The TRXD signal provides spatial images of electron densities associated with the CoIn. In combination, the two signals provide a complementary picture of the nonadiabatic passage, which helps in the study of the underlying photophysics in thiobases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsig Nam
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
- Convergence Research Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Universita' degli Studi di Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Conti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Universita' degli Studi di Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Flavia Aleotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Universita' degli Studi di Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Segatta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Universita' degli Studi di Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Convergence Research Center for Energy and Environmental Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Universita' degli Studi di Bologna, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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