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El-Shoura EAM, Abdelzaher LA, Mahmoud NI, Farghaly OA, Sabry M, Girgis Shahataa M, Salem EA, Saad HM, Elhussieny O, Kozman MR, Atwa AM. Combined sulforaphane and β-sitosterol mitigate olanzapine-induced metabolic disorders in rats: Insights on FOXO, PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT3, and MAPK signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112904. [PMID: 39116489 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
One of the best antipsychotics for treating schizophrenia and bipolar disorders is olanzapine (OLA). However, its use is restricted owing to unfavorable adverse effects as liver damage, dyslipidemia, and weight gain. The primary objective of the present investigation was to examine the signaling mechanisms that underlie the metabolic disruption generated by OLA. Besides, the potential protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) and β-sitosterol (βSS) against obesity and metabolic toxicity induced by OLA were inspected as well. A total of five groups of male Wistar rats were established, including the control, OLA, SFN+OLA, βSS+OLA, and the combination + OLA groups. Hepatic histopathology, biochemical analyses, ultimate body weights, liver function, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. In addition to the relative expression of FOXO, the signaling pathways for PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT3, and MAPK were assessed as well. All biochemical and hepatic histopathological abnormalities caused by OLA were alleviated by SFN and/or βSS. A substantial decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP), proinflammatory cytokines, serum lipid profile parameters, hepatic MDA, TBIL, AST, and ALT were reduced through SFN or/and βSS. To sum up, the detrimental effects of OLA are mediated by alterations in the Akt/FOXO3a/ATG12, Ras/SOS2/Raf-1/MEK/ERK1/2, and Smad3,4/TGF-β signaling pathways. The administration of SFN and/or βSS has the potential to mitigate the metabolic deficit, biochemical imbalances, hepatic histological abnormalities, and the overall unfavorable consequences induced by OLA by modulating the abovementioned signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehab A M El-Shoura
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
| | - Lobna A Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nesreen I Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Omar A Farghaly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Sabry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Egypt
| | - Mary Girgis Shahataa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Esraa A Salem
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen ElKom, 32511, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh 51744, Egypt
| | - Omnya Elhussieny
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Marsa Matruh 51744, Egypt
| | - Magy R Kozman
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12563, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Atwa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen Iraqi University, Thi-Qar 64001, Iraq
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Flier JS. Moderating "the great debate": The carbohydrate-insulin vs. the energy balance models of obesity. Cell Metab 2023; 35:737-741. [PMID: 37086719 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
The increased prevalence of obesity in recent decades is a topic of great scientific and medical interest, but despite many advances, the causes of this increase have not been adequately identified. In this context, two conflicting models for obesity-the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) and the energy balance model (EBM)-are being vigorously debated by distinct cohorts of experts in the field. The goal of this perspective is to assess this "conflict of models" from a neutral perspective. I conclude that although both models have produced useful insights, they differ fundamentally in what they seek to explain, and neither has yet provided a validated mechanistic account for the rising obesity prevalence in some but not all members of the population. Rather than engaging in such debates over competing models, the field should be more focused on establishing specific mechanistic insights in identified patient groups and, eventually, actionable interventions based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Flier
- Department of Neurobiology and Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Chronic agmatine treatment prevents olanzapine-induced obesity and metabolic dysregulation in female rats. Brain Res Bull 2022; 191:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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He M, Yao J, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Chen R, Gu Z, Huang X, Deng C, Zhou R, Fan J, Zhang B, Xie Y, Gao G, Sun T. Gold nanoclusters eliminate obesity induced by antipsychotics. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5502. [PMID: 35365730 PMCID: PMC8975852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09541-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity induced by antipsychotics have plagued more than 20 million people worldwide. However, no drug is available to eliminate the obesity induced by antipsychotics. Here we examined the effect and potential mechanisms of a gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) modified by N-isobutyryl-L-cysteine on the obesity induced by olanzapine, the most prescribed but obesogenic antipsychotics, in a rat model. Our results showed that AuNCs completely prevented and reversed the obesity induced by olanzapine and improved glucose metabolism profile in rats. Further mechanism investigations revealed that AuNCs exert its anti-obesity function through inhibition of olanzapine-induced dysfunction of histamine H1 receptor and proopiomelanocortin signaling therefore reducing hyperphagia, and reversing olanzapine-induced inhibition of uncoupling-protein-1 signaling which increases thermogenesis. Together with AuNCs' good biocompatibility, these findings not only provide AuNCs as a promising nanodrug candidate for treating obesity induced by antipsychotics, but also open an avenue for the potential application of AuNCs-based nanodrugs in treating general obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Yao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - XuFeng Huang
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Chao Deng
- School of Medicine and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Ruqin Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jun Fan
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Baohua Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yanqian Xie
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guanbin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Taolei Sun
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Karusheva Y. Die Rolle der verzweigtkettigen Aminosäuren in der Entwicklung und Progression der Insulinresistenz und des Typ-2-Diabetes – Förderpreis der DDG 2021 – eine Kurzübersicht der Geförderten Yanislava Karusheva. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1664-5081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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