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Zhang H, Xu K, He F, Zhu F, Zhou Y, Yuan W, Liu Y, Liu M, Choi Y, Chen Y. Challenges and Advancements in the Electrochemical Utilization of Ammonia Using Solid Oxide Fuel Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313966. [PMID: 38853746 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells utilized with NH3 (NH3-SOFCs) have great potential to be environmentally friendly devices with high efficiency and energy density. The advancement of this technology is hindered by the sluggish kinetics of chemical or electrochemical processes occurring on anodes/catalysts. Extensive efforts have been devoted to developing efficient and durable anode/catalysts in recent decades. Although modifications to the structure, composition, and morphology of anodes or catalysts are effective, the mechanistic understandings of performance improvements or degradations remain incompletely understood. This review informatively commences by summarizing existing reports on the progress of NH3-SOFCs. It subsequently outlines the influence of factors on the performance of NH3-SOFCs. The degradation mechanisms of the cells/systems are also reviewed. Lastly, the persistent challenges in designing highly efficient electrodes/catalysts for low-temperature NH3-SOFCs, and future perspectives derived from SOFCs are discussed. Notably, durability, thermal cycling stability, and power density are identified as crucial indicators for enhancing low-temperature (550 °C or below) NH3-SOFCs. This review aims to offer an updated overview of how catalysts/electrodes affect electrochemical activity and durability, offering critical insights for improving performance and mechanistic understanding, as well as establishing the scientific foundation for the design of electrodes for NH3-SOFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kang Xu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fan He
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yucun Zhou
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | - Wei Yuan
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Research Institute of Renewable Energy and Advanced Materials, Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd., Xiamen, Fujian, 361101, China
| | - Meilin Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30309, USA
| | - YongMan Choi
- College of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Tainan, 71150, Taiwan
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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2
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Kim S, Lee S, Sung S, Gu S, Kim J, Lee G, Park J, Yip ACK, Choi J. Zeolite Membrane-Based Low-Temperature Dehydrogenation of a Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier: A Key Step in the Development of a Hydrogen Economy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403128. [PMID: 38868919 PMCID: PMC11321665 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Methylcyclohexane (MCH) dehydrogenation is an equilibrium-limited reaction that requires high temperatures (>300 °C) for complete conversion. However, high-temperature operation can degrade catalytic activity and produce unwanted side products. Thus, a hybrid zeolite membrane (Z) is prepared on the inner surface of a tubular support and used it as a wall in a membrane reactor (MR) configuration. Pt/C catalysts is packed diluted with quartz sand inside the Z-coated tube and applied the MR for MCH dehydrogenation at low temperatures (190-250 °C). Z showed a remarkable H2-permselectivity in the presence of both toluene and MCH, yielding separation factors over 350. The Z-based MR achieved higher MCH conversion (75.3% ± 0.8% at 220 °C) than the conventional packed-bed reactor (56.4% ± 0.3%) and the equilibrium state (53.2%), owing to the selective removal of H2 through Z. In summary, the hybrid zeolite MR enhances MCH dehydrogenation at low temperatures by overcoming thermodynamic limitations and improves the catalytic performance and product selectivity of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejin Kim
- Chemical & Biological EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmi Lee
- Chemical & Biological EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Suhyeon Sung
- Chemical & Biological EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Sangseo Gu
- Chemical & Biological EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseong Kim
- Chemical & Biological EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Gihoon Lee
- Chemical & Biological EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesung Park
- Green Carbon Research CenterKorea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)141 Gajeong‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34114Republic of Korea
| | - Alex C. K. Yip
- Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of CanterburyChristchurch8140New Zealand
| | - Jungkyu Choi
- Chemical & Biological EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐guSeoul02841Republic of Korea
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3
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Pan H, Li J, Wang Y, Xia Q, Qiu L, Zhou B. Solar-Driven Biomass Reforming for Hydrogen Generation: Principles, Advances, and Challenges. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402651. [PMID: 38816938 PMCID: PMC11304308 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a clean and versatile energy carrier to power a carbon-neutral economy for the post-fossil era. Hydrogen generation from low-cost and renewable biomass by virtually inexhaustible solar energy presents an innovative strategy to process organic solid waste, combat the energy crisis, and achieve carbon neutrality. Herein, the progress and breakthroughs in solar-powered H2 production from biomass are reviewed. The basic principles of solar-driven H2 generation from biomass are first introduced for a better understanding of the reaction mechanism. Next, the merits and shortcomings of various semiconductors and cocatalysts are summarized, and the strategies for addressing the related issues are also elaborated. Then, various bio-based feedstocks for solar-driven H2 production are reviewed with an emphasis on the effect of photocatalysts and catalytic systems on performance. Of note, the concurrent generation of value-added chemicals from biomass reforming is emphasized as well. Meanwhile, the emerging photo-thermal coupling strategy that shows a grand prospect for maximally utilizing the entire solar energy spectrum is also discussed. Further, the direct utilization of hydrogen from biomass as a green reductant for producing value-added chemicals via organic reactions is also highlighted. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of photoreforming biomass toward hydrogen are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Pan
- College of BiologicalChemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing University899 Guangqiong RoadJiaxingZhejiang314001China
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Jinglin Li
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Yangang Wang
- College of BiologicalChemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing University899 Guangqiong RoadJiaxingZhejiang314001China
| | - Qineng Xia
- College of BiologicalChemical Science and EngineeringJiaxing University899 Guangqiong RoadJiaxingZhejiang314001China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
| | - Baowen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of EducationResearch Center for Renewable Synthetic FuelSchool of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China
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4
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Hu L, Lee WI, Roy S, Subramanian A, Kisslinger K, Zhu L, Fan S, Hwang S, Bui VT, Tran T, Zhang G, Ding Y, Ajayan PM, Nam CY, Lin H. Hierarchically porous and single Zn atom-embedded carbon molecular sieves for H 2 separations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5688. [PMID: 38971823 PMCID: PMC11227577 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Hierarchically porous materials containing sub-nm ultramicropores with molecular sieving abilities and microcavities with high gas diffusivity may realize energy-efficient membranes for gas separations. However, rationally designing and constructing such pores into large-area membranes enabling efficient H2 separations remains challenging. Here, we report the synthesis and utilization of hybrid carbon molecular sieve membranes with well-controlled nano- and micro-pores and single zinc atoms and clusters well-dispersed inside the nanopores via the carbonization of supramolecular mixed matrix materials containing amorphous and crystalline zeolitic imidazolate frameworks. Carbonization temperature is used to fine-tune pore sizes, achieving ultrahigh selectivity for H2/CO2 (130), H2/CH4 (2900), H2/N2 (880), and H2/C2H6 (7900) with stability against water vapor and physical aging during a continuous 120-h test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiqing Hu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Won-Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Soumyabrata Roy
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Lingxiang Zhu
- Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shouhong Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Sooyeon Hwang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Vinh T Bui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Thien Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gengyi Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Yifu Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Pulickel M Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Haiqing Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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5
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Liu J, Feng J, Zou Z, Li Z. Photon ignites NH 3 cracking on thermally unreactive transition metals. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:1-2. [PMID: 37858410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jianyong Feng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Zhigang Zou
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhaosheng Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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6
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Elameen AAA, Dawczak A, Miruszewski T, Gazda M, Wachowski S. Proton conductivity in multi-component ABO 4-type oxides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29127-29134. [PMID: 37869878 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01741a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates how configurational entropy in oxides could affect proton conductivity. For this purpose, three samples of different elemental compositions are synthesized. Five, six and seven elements were introduced into the A-site of ANbO4, forming La1/5 Nd1/5 Sm1/5Gd1/5 Eu1/5NbO4, La1/6Nd1/6Sm1/6Gd1/6Eu1/6Ho1/6NbO4 and La1/7Nd1/7Sm1/7Gd1/7Eu1/7Ho1/7Er1/7NbO4, respectively. The high configuration disorder changes the local environment, which can have a notable effect on many properties, including proton transport, which is the focus of this work. The conductivity was measured in different atmospheres; dry and wet and in a different temperature range (600-800 °C) to compare the proton transport as well as study the effect of temperature. A homogenous single-phase monoclinic fergusonite was obtained for the three samples. Proton conductivity, measured by means of comparing the conductivity in dry and wet atmospheres, was observed in all samples. La1/5 Nd1/5 Sm1/5Gd1/5 Eu1/5NbO4 exhibited the highest conductivity, about 3.0 × 10-6 S cm-1 at 800 °C in the wet atmosphere, while in the dry atmosphere it was about 2.2 × 10-6 S cm-1 at the same temperature, which implies a modest proton conductivity in this class of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A A Elameen
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, and Advanced Materials Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Dawczak
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, and Advanced Materials Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tadeusz Miruszewski
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, and Advanced Materials Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Maria Gazda
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, and Advanced Materials Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Sebastian Wachowski
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, and Advanced Materials Centre, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland.
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7
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Zhang W, Zhou Y, Hu X, Ding Y, Gao J, Luo Z, Li T, Kane N, Yu XY, Terlier T, Liu M. A Synergistic Three-Phase, Triple-Conducting Air Electrode for Reversible Proton-Conducting Solid Oxide Cells. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:3999-4007. [PMID: 37854047 PMCID: PMC10580316 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Reversible proton-conducting solid oxide cells (R-PSOCs) have the potential to be the most efficient and cost-effective electrochemical device for energy storage and conversion. A breakthrough in air electrode material development is vital to minimizing the energy loss and degradation of R-PSOCs. Here we report a class of triple-conducting air electrode materials by judiciously doping transition- and rare-earth metal ions into a proton-conducting electrolyte material, which demonstrate outstanding activity and durability for R-PSOC applications. The optimized composition Ba0.9Pr0.1Hf0.1Y0.1Co0.8O3-δ (BPHYC) consists of three phases, which have a synergistic effect on enhancing the performance, as revealed from electrochemical analysis and theoretical calculations. When applied to R-PSOCs operated at 600 °C, a peak power density of 1.37 W cm-2 is demonstrated in the fuel cell mode, and a current density of 2.40 A cm-2 is achieved at a cell voltage of 1.3 V in the water electrolysis mode under stable operation for hundreds of hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Zhang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Yucun Zhou
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Xueyu Hu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Yong Ding
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Jun Gao
- Energy
and Environment Directorate, Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Zheyu Luo
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Tongtong Li
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
- Energy
Materials and Surface Sciences Unit, Okinawa
Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha,
Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Nicholas Kane
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 99354, United States
| | - Tanguy Terlier
- Shared
Equipment Authority, SIMS Laboratory, Rice
University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Meilin Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0245, United States
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8
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Zhang X, Jiang L, Guo S, Han D. (La 1-x M x ) 2 (Nb 0.45 Yb 0.55 ) 2 O 7-δ (M=Ca, Sr, Ba) Ionic Conductors Promoted by Foreign/Domestic Dual Acceptor-Doping Strategies. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202201879. [PMID: 36254801 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202201879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a class of ionic conductor (La1-x Mx )2 (Nb0.45 Yb0.55 )2 O7-δ (M=Ca, Sr, and Ba) with a cubic pyrochlore structure was reported. Two strategies were adopted to increase the concentration of oxygen vacancies favoring the hydration reaction to introduce protons. One was increasing the cation ratio between Yb and Nb over unity, the other was doping divalent alkaline earth elements to replace trivalent La. Proton conduction was evidenced by confirming the proton incorporation and H/D isotope effect in electrical conductivity. Doping Ca, Sr, and Ba further promoted the proton conduction. The results of crystal structure refinement indicated that the extrinsically introduced oxygen vacancies by the two strategies were accommodated in the tetrahedra (48 f) containing two La and two Yb/Nb cations, while the tetrahedra containing four La cations (8a) were fully occupied by oxide ions. A discussion was thereby performed, leading to the suggestion that not all the tetrahedra in the cubic pyrochlore structure of (La1-x Mx )2 (Nb0.45 Yb0.55 )2 O7-δ helped in incorporating and conducting protons, and only the oxygen vacancies surrounded by four Y cations (48 f site) or two La and two Y cations (8b site) were hydratable. It is thereby suggested that to enhance the proton conduction in pyrochlore oxides, an effective strategy might be tuning the ability of hydration or protonation of the tetrahedra to increase the proton concentration and expand the route for proton conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Zhang
- College of Energy, Soochow University, No 1 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Lulu Jiang
- College of Energy, Soochow University, No 1 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Shihang Guo
- College of Energy, Soochow University, No 1 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
| | - Donglin Han
- College of Energy, Soochow University, No 1 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies, Soochow University, No 1 Shizi Street, Gusu District, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
- Light Industry Institute of Electrochemical Power Sources, Shahu Science & Technology Innovation Park, Suzhou, 215638, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Core Technology of High Specific Energy Battery and Key Materials for Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, P. R. China
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9
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Richard D, Tom M, Jang J, Yun S, Christofides PD, Morales-Guio CG. Quantifying transport and electrocatalytic reaction processes in a gastight rotating cylinder electrode reactor via integration of Computational Fluid Dynamics modeling and experiments. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Dunn PL, Barona M, Johnson SI, Raugei S, Bullock RM. Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from an Os II(NH 3) 2 Complex Generates an Os IV(NH 2) 2 Complex: Experimental and Computational Analysis of the N-H Bond Dissociation Free Energies and Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:15325-15334. [PMID: 36121917 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Double hydrogen atom abstraction from (TMP)OsII(NH3)2 (TMP = tetramesitylporphyrin) with phenoxyl or nitroxyl radicals leads to (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2. This unusual bis(amide) complex is diamagnetic and displays an N-H resonance at 12.0 ppm in its 1H NMR spectrum. 1H-15N correlation experiments identified a 15N NMR spectroscopic resonance signal at -267 ppm. Experimental reactivity studies and density functional theory calculations support relatively weak N-H bonds of 73.3 kcal/mol for (TMP)OsII(NH3)2 and 74.2 kcal/mol for (TMP)OsIII(NH3)(NH2). Cyclic voltammetry experiments provide an estimate of the pKa of [(TMP)OsIII(NH3)2]+. In the presence of Barton's base, a current enhancement is observed at the Os(III/II) couple, consistent with an ECE event. Spectroscopic experiments confirmed (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 as the product of bulk electrolysis. Double hydrogen atom abstraction is influenced by π donation from the amides of (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 into the d orbitals of the Os center, favoring the formation of (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 over N-N coupling. This π donation leads to a Jahn-Teller distortion that splits the energy levels of the dxz and dyz orbitals of Os, results in a low-spin electron configuration, and leads to minimal aminyl character on the N atoms, rendering (TMP)OsIV(NH2)2 unreactive toward amide-amide coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Dunn
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Melissa Barona
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Samantha I Johnson
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Simone Raugei
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Morris Bullock
- Center for Molecular Electrocatalysis, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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11
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Mushtaq U, Welzel S, Sharma RK, van de Sanden M, Tsampas MN. Development of Electrode-Supported Proton Conducting Solid Oxide Cells and their Evaluation as Electrochemical Hydrogen Pumps. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38938-38951. [PMID: 35981510 PMCID: PMC9472216 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protonic ceramic solid oxide cells (P-SOCs) have gained widespread attention due to their potential for operation in the temperature range of 300-500 °C, which is not only beneficial in terms of material stability but also offers unique possibilities from a thermodynamic point of view to realize a series of reactions. For instance, they are ideal for the production of synthetic fuels by hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and nitrogen, upgradation of hydrocarbons, or dehydrogenation reactions. However, the development of P-SOC is quite challenging because it requires a multifront optimization in terms of material synthesis and fabrication procedures. Herein, we report in detail a method to overcome various fabrication challenges for the development of efficient and robust electrode-supported P-SOCs (Ni-BCZY/BCZY/Ni-BCZY) based on a BaCe0.2Zr0.7Y0.1O3-δ (BCZY271) electrolyte. We examined the effect of pore formers on the porosity of the Ni-BCZY support electrode, various electrolyte deposition techniques (spray, spin, and vacuum-assisted), and thermal treatments for developing robust and flat half-cells. Half-cells containing a thin (10-12 μm) pinhole-free electrolyte layer were completed by a screen-printed Ni-BCZY electrode and evaluated as an electrochemical hydrogen pump to access the functionality. The P-SOCs are found to show a current density ranging from 150 to 525 mA cm-2 at 1 V over an operating temperature range of 350-450 °C. The faradaic efficiency of the P-SOCs as well as their stability were also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Mushtaq
- Dutch
Institute For Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), Eindhoven 5612AJ, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Welzel
- Dutch
Institute For Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), Eindhoven 5612AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Rakesh K. Sharma
- Dutch
Institute For Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), Eindhoven 5612AJ, The Netherlands
| | - M.C.M. van de Sanden
- Dutch
Institute For Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), Eindhoven 5612AJ, The Netherlands
- Department
of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University
of Technology, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Mihalis N. Tsampas
- Dutch
Institute For Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER), Eindhoven 5612AJ, The Netherlands
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12
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Abstract
An electrochemical membrane reactor enables efficient hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur J Shih
- Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sossina M Haile
- Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
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