1
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Mandal B, Croft JFE, Jambrina PG, Guo H, Aoiz FJ, Balakrishnan N. Stereodynamical control of cold HD + D 2 collisions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18368-18381. [PMID: 38912616 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01737d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
We report full-dimensional quantum calculations of stereodynamic control of HD(v = 1, j = 2) + D2 collisions that has been probed experimentally by Perreault et al. using the Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage (SARP) technique. Computations were performed on two highly accurate full-dimensional H4 potential energy surfaces. It is found that for both potential surfaces, rotational quenching of HD from with concurrent rotational excitation of D2 from is the dominant transition with cross sections four times larger than that of elastically scattered D2 for the same quenching transition in HD. This process was not considered in the original analysis of the SARP experiments that probed ΔjHD = -2 transitions in HD(vHD = 1, jHD = 2) + D2 collisions. Cross sections are characterized by an l = 3 resonance for ortho-D2(jD2 = 0) collisions, while both l = 1 and l = 3 resonances are observed for the para-D2(jD2 = 1) partner. While our results are in excellent agreement with prior measurements of elastic and inelastic differential cross sections, the agreement is less satisfactory with the SARP experiments, in particular for the transition for which the theoretical calculations indicate that D2 rotational excitation channel is the dominant inelastic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikramaditya Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.
| | - James F E Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - F Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.
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2
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Jambrina PG, Croft JFE, Balakrishnan N, Guo H, Aoiz FJ. Determination of collision mechanisms at low energies using four-vector correlations. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 38836438 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00173c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
In molecular dynamics, a fundamental question is how the outcome of a collision depends on the relative orientation of the collision partners before their interaction begins (the stereodynamics of the process). The preference for a particular orientation of the reactant complex is intimately related to the idea of a collision mechanism and the possibility of control, as revealed in recent experiments. Indeed, this preference holds not only for chemical reactions involving complex polyatomic molecules, but also for the simplest inelastic atom-diatom collisions at cold collision energies. In this work, we report how the outcome of rotationally inelastic collisions between two D2 molecules can be controlled by changing the alignment of their internuclear axes under the same or different polarization vectors. Our results demonstrate that a higher degree of control can be achieved when two internuclear axes are aligned, especially when both molecules are relaxed in the collision. The possibility of control extends to very low energies, even to the ultracold regime, when no control could be achieved just by the alignment of the internuclear axis of one of the colliding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain.
| | - J F E Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - N Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
| | - F J Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain.
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3
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Liu YX, Zhu L, Luke J, Houwman JJA, Babin MC, Hu MG, Ni KK. Quantum interference in atom-exchange reactions. Science 2024:eadl6570. [PMID: 38753767 DOI: 10.1126/science.adl6570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Chemical reactions, where bonds break and form, are highly dynamic quantum processes. A fundamental question is whether coherence can be preserved in chemical reactions and then harnessed to generate entangled products. Here we investigated this question by studying the 2KRb → K2 + Rb2 reaction at 500 nK, focusing on the nuclear spin degrees of freedom. We prepared the initial nuclear spins in KRb in an entangled state by lowering the magnetic field to where the spin-spin interaction dominates and characterized the preserved coherence in nuclear spin wavefunction after the reaction. We observed an interference pattern that is consistent with full coherence at the end of the reaction, suggesting that entanglement prepared within the reactants could be redistributed through the atom-exchange process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lingbang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Jeshurun Luke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - J J Arfor Houwman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mark C Babin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ming-Guang Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kang-Kuen Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Harvard-MIT Center for Ultracold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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4
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Zhao H, Sun Z. Theoretical Development of the Interaction-Asymptotic Region Decomposition Method for Tetratomic Reactive Scattering. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1802-1810. [PMID: 38262035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
An accurate and efficient time-dependent wave packet method is proposed for solving the product state-resolved reaction probabilities of the tetratomic reactive system. In this method, the entire scattering process is divided into the interaction region and multiple asymptotic regions, sharing the same spirit as the interaction-asymptotic region decomposition (IARD) approach in a triatomic reactive scattering process. The hyperspherical coordinate is adopted in the interaction region, while the corresponding Jacobi coordinate is employed in each asymptotic region. Therefore, in this IARD method, the "coordinate problem", the difficulty of expressing the wave function in the entire region using a single coordinate system, can be effectively avoided, and only a very small number of the grid points (or the basis functions) are required. For the numerical illustration, the typical tetratomic reaction H2 + OH with zero total angular momentum is calculated, and compared with other quantum wave packet methods. Our proposed IARD method for the tetratomic reactive system is much more efficient and accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China 116023
| | - Zhigang Sun
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, P.R. China 116023
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5
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Liu Y, Jambrina PG, Croft JFE, Balakrishnan N, Aoiz FJ, Guo H. New Full-Dimensional Reactive Potential Energy Surface for the H 4 System. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1829-1837. [PMID: 38354106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
As the most abundant molecule in the universe, collisions involving H2 have important implications in astrochemistry. Collisions between hydrogen molecules also represent a prototype for assessing various dynamic methods for understanding fundamental few-body processes. In this work, we develop a new and highly accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) covering all reactive channels of the H2 + H2 system, which extends our previously reported H2 + H2 nonreactive PES [J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2021, 17, 6747] by adding 39,538 additional ab initio points calculated at the MRCI/AV5Z level in the reactive channels. The global PES is represented with high fidelity (RMSE = 0.6 meV for a total of 79,000 points) by a permutation invariant polynomial neural network (PIP-NN) and is suitable for studying collision-induced dissociation, single-exchange, as well as four-center exchange reactions. Preliminary quasi-classical trajectory studies on the new PIP-NN PES reveal strong vibrational enhancement of all reaction channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - James F E Croft
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand and Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - F Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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6
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Joshi B, Smith TA, Shih Y. Multi-band interference and imaging via joint-detection of two-photon beats from thermal radiation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:7640-7650. [PMID: 38439441 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
We present a theoretical discussion of multi-band two-photon interference via joint detection by "slow" detectors and extend it to a technique for multi-band ghost imaging. This technique exploits the advantage of two-photon optical beats over classical optical beats with multi-band thermal light, where the beat frequency can be resolved from intensity fluctuation correlation measurement with two relatively slow photodetectors. The underlying two-photon beats represent a two-photon interference phenomenon: a pair of randomly created and randomly paired photons interfering with the pair itself. A notable implication of the two-photon beats is that they can be turbulence-resistant, which makes our result not only of fundamental interest but also practically useful.
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7
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Balakrishnan N, Jambrina PG, Croft JFE, Guo H, Aoiz FJ. Quantum stereodynamics of cold molecular collisions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1239-1256. [PMID: 38197484 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04762h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Advances in quantum state preparations combined with molecular cooling and trapping technologies have enabled unprecedented control of molecular collision dynamics. This progress, achieved over the last two decades, has dramatically improved our understanding of molecular phenomena in the extreme quantum regime characterized by translational temperatures well below a kelvin. In this regime, collision outcomes are dominated by isolated partial waves, quantum threshold and quantum statistics effects, tiny energy splitting at the spin and hyperfine levels, and long-range forces. Collision outcomes are influenced not only by the quantum state preparation of the initial molecular states but also by the polarization of their rotational angular momentum, i.e., stereodynamics of molecular collisions. The Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage technique developed in the last several years has become a versatile tool to study the stereodynamics of light molecular collisions in which alignment of the molecular bond axis relative to initial collision velocity can be fully controlled. Landmark experiments reported by Zare and coworkers have motivated new theoretical developments, including formalisms to describe four-vector correlations in molecular collisions that are revealed by the experiments. In this Feature article, we provide an overview of recent theoretical developments for the description of stereodynamics of cold molecular collisions and their implications to cold controlled chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA.
| | - Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - James F E Croft
- The Dodd Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, New Zealand and Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Computational Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - F Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
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8
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Perera CA, Amarasinghe C, Guo H, Suits AG. Cold collisions of hot molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22595-22606. [PMID: 37602475 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02071a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we review our recent work on rotationally inelastic collisions of highly vibrationally excited NO molecules prepared in single rotational and parity levels at v = 10 using stimulated emission pumping (SEP). This state preparation is employed in a recently developed crossed molecular beam apparatus where two nearly copropagating molecular beams achieve an intersection angle of 4° at the interaction region. This near-copropagating beam geometry of the molecular beams permits very wide tuning of the collision energy, from far above room temperature down to 2 K where we test the theoretical treatment of the attractive part of the potentials and the difference potential for the first time. We have obtained differential cross sections for state-to-state collisions of NO (v = 10) with Ar and Ne in both spin-orbit manifolds using velocity map imaging. Overall good agreement of the experimental results was seen with quantum mechanical close-coupling calculations done on both coupled-cluster and multi-reference configuration interaction potential energy surfaces. Probing cold collisions of NO carrying ∼2 eV of vibrational excitation allows us to test state-of-the-art theory in this extreme nonequilibrium regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatura A Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
| | | | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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9
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Lara M, Jambrina PG, Aoiz FJ. Universal behavior in complex-mediated reactions: Dynamics of S(1D) + o-D2 → D + SD at low collision energies. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2889001. [PMID: 37154275 DOI: 10.1063/5.0147182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive and elastic cross sections and rate coefficients have been calculated for the S(1D) + D2(v = 0, j = 0) reaction using a modified hyperspherical quantum reactive scattering method. The considered collision energy ranges from the ultracold regime, where only one partial wave is open, up to the Langevin regime, where many of them contribute. This work presents the extension of the quantum calculations, which in a previous study were compared with the experimental results, down to energies in the cold and ultracold domains. Results are analyzed and compared with the universal case of the quantum defect theory by Jachymski et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 213202 (2013)]. State-to-state integral and differential cross sections are also shown covering the ranges of low-thermal, cold, and ultracold collision energy regimes. It is found that at E/kB < 1 K, there are substantial departures from the expected statistical behavior and that dynamical features become increasingly important with decreasing collision energy, leading to vibrational excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lara
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - P G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
| | - F J Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Zhu L, Liu X, Li L, Wan X, Tao R, Xie Z, Feng J, Zeng C. Signature of quantum interference effect in inter-layer Coulomb drag in graphene-based electronic double-layer systems. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1465. [PMID: 36927844 PMCID: PMC10020572 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The distinguishing feature of a quantum system is interference arising from the wave mechanical nature of particles which is clearly central to macroscopic electronic properties. Here, we report the signature of quantum interference effect in inter-layer transport process. Via systematic magneto-drag experiments on graphene-based electronic double-layer systems, we observe low-field correction to the Coulomb-scattering-dominated inter-layer drag resistance in a wide range of temperature and carrier density, with its characteristics sensitive to the band topology of graphene layers. These observations can be attributed to a new type of quantum interference between drag processes, with the interference pathway comprising different carrier diffusion paths in the two constituent conductors. The emergence of such effect relies on the formation of superimposing planar diffusion paths, among which the impurity potentials from intermediate insulating spacer play an essential role. Our findings establish an ideal platform where the interplay between quantum interference and many-body interaction is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Xinyi Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ran Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhongniu Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.,International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ji Feng
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
| | - Changgan Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,International Center for Quantum Design of Functional Materials (ICQD), Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
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11
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Interaction of Electrons and Positrons with Protons Aligned in One-Dimension Line. ATOMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/atoms11030046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We present theoretical studies of electron and positron interaction with protons aligned in a one-dimension periodic line. The equally spaced protons were artificially generated where the individual protons are fixed in a certain position. The incident energies were 500 eV and 1000 eV. The electron and positron trajectories passing through these periodic multiple scattering objects were calculated using a classical trajectory Monte Carlo method. We show that this proton configuration has focusing and defocusing properties depending on the certain initial conditions.
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12
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Croft JFE, Jambrina PG, Aoiz FJ, Guo H, Balakrishnan N. Cold Collisions of Ro-Vibrationally Excited D 2 Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1619-1627. [PMID: 36787203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c08855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The H2 + H2 system has long been considered a benchmark system for ro-vibrational energy transfer in bimolecular collisions. However, most studies thus far have focused on collisions involving H2 molecules in the ground vibrational level or in the first excited vibrational state. While H2 + H2/HD collisions have received wide attention due to the important role they play in astrophysics, D2 + D2 collisions have received much less attention. Recently, Zhou et al. [ Nat. Chem. 2022, 14, 658-663, DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00926-z] examined stereodynamic aspects of rotational energy transfer in collisions of two aligned D2 molecules prepared in the v = 2 vibrational level and j = 2 rotational level. Here, we report quantum calculations of rotational and vibrational energy transfer in collisions of two D2 molecules prepared in vibrational levels up to v = 2 and identify key resonance features that contribute to the angular distribution in the experimental results of Zhou et al. The quantum scattering calculations were performed in full dimensionality and using the rigid-rotor approximation using a recently developed highly accurate six-dimensional potential energy surface for the H4 system that allows descriptions of collisions involving highly vibrationally excited H2 and its isotopologues.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F E Croft
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.,Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - F Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - N Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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13
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Yang D, Guo H, Xie D. Recent advances in quantum theory on ro-vibrationally inelastic scattering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3577-3594. [PMID: 36602236 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Molecular collisions are of fundamental importance in understanding intermolecular interaction and dynamics. Its importance is accentuated in cold and ultra-cold collisions because of the dominant quantum mechanical nature of the scattering. We review recent advances in the time-independent approach to quantum mechanical characterization of non-reactive scattering in tetratomic systems, which is ideally suited for large collisional de Broglie wavelengths characteristic in cold and ultracold conditions. We discuss quantum scattering algorithms between two diatoms and between a triatom and an atom and their implementation, as well as various approximate schemes. They not only enable the characterization of collision dynamics in realistic systems but also serve as benchmarks for developing more approximate methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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14
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Jambrina PG, Croft JFE, Zuo J, Guo H, Balakrishnan N, Aoiz FJ. Stereodynamical Control of Cold Collisions between Two Aligned D_{2} Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:033002. [PMID: 36763383 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.033002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Resonant scattering of optically state-prepared and aligned molecules in the cold regime allows the most detailed interrogation and control of bimolecular collisions. This technique has recently been applied to collisions of two aligned ortho-D_{2} molecules prepared in the j=2 rotational level of the v=2 vibrational manifold using the Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage technique. Here, we develop the theoretical formalism for describing four-vector correlations in collisions of two aligned molecules and apply our approach to state-prepared D_{2}(v=2,j=2)+D_{2}(v=2,j=2)→D_{2}(v=2,j=2)+D_{2}(v=2,j=0) collisions, making possible the simulations of the experimental results from first principles. Key features of the experimental angular distributions are reproduced and attributed primarily to a partial wave resonance with orbital angular momentum ℓ=4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - James F E Croft
- The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand and Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Junxiang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - F Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense. Madrid 28040, Spain
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15
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Abstract
The amount of information that can be obtained from a scattering experiment depends upon the precision with which the quantum states are defined in the incoming channel. By precisely defining the incoming states and measuring the outgoing states in a scattering experiment, we set up the boundary condition for experimentally solving the Schrödinger equation. In this Perspective we discuss cold inelastic scattering experiments using the most theoretically tractable H2 and its isotopologues as the target. We prepare the target in a precisely defined rovibrational (v, j, m) quantum state using a special coherent optical technique called the Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage (SARP). v and j represent the quantum numbers of the vibrational and rotational energy levels, and m refers to the projection of the rotational angular momentum vector j on a suitable quantization axis in the laboratory frame. Selection of the m quantum numbers defines the alignment of the molecular frame, which is necessary to probe the anisotropic interactions. For us to achieve the collision temperature in the range of a few degrees Kelvin, we co-expand the colliding partners in a mixed supersonic beam that is collimated to define a direction for the collision velocity. When the bond axis is aligned with respect to a well-defined collision velocity, SARP achieves stereodynamic control at the quantum scale. Through various examples of rotationally inelastic cold scattering experiments, we show how SARP coherently controls the dynamics of anisotropic interactions by preparing quantum superpositions of the orientational m states within a single rovibrational (v, j) energy state. A partial wave analysis, which has been developed for the cold scattering experiments, shows dominance of a resonant orbital that leaves its mark in the scattering angular distribution. These highly controlled cold collision experiments at the single partial wave limit allow the most direct comparison with the results of theoretical computations, necessary for accurate modeling of the molecular interaction potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California94305, United States
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16
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Wang Y, Huang J, Wang W, Du T, Xie Y, Ma Y, Xiao C, Zhang Z, Zhang DH, Yang X. Stereodynamical control of the H + HD → H 2 + D reaction through HD reagent alignment. Science 2023; 379:191-195. [PMID: 36634162 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade7471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Prealigning nonpolar reacting molecules leads to large stereodynamical effects because of their weak steering interaction en route to the reaction barrier. However, experimental limitations in preparing aligned molecules efficiently have hindered the investigation of steric effects in bimolecular reactions involving hydrogen. Here, we report a high-resolution crossed-beam study of the reaction H + HD(v = 1, j = 2) → H2(v', j') + D at collision energies of 0.50, 1.20, and 2.07 electron volts in which the vibrationally excited hydrogen deuteride (HD) molecules were prepared in two collision configurations, with their bond preferentially aligned parallel and perpendicular to the relative velocity of collision partners. Notable stereodynamical effects in differential cross sections were observed. Quantum dynamics calculations revealed that strong constructive interference in the perpendicular configuration plays an important role in the stereodynamical effects observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Jiayu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yurun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunlei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Zhaojun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Dong H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China.,Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Energy Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
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17
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Perera CA, Zuo J, Guo H, Suits AG. Differential Cross Sections for Cold, State-to-State Spin-Orbit Changing Collisions of NO( v = 10) with Neon. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3338-3346. [PMID: 35605132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inelastic scattering processes have proven a powerful means of investigating molecular interactions, and much current effort is focused on the cold and ultracold regime where quantum phenomena are clearly manifested. Studies of collisions of the open shell nitric oxide (NO) molecule have been central in this effort since the pioneering work of Houston and co-workers in the early 1990s. State-to-state scattering of vibrationally excited molecules in the cold regime introduces challenges that test the suitability of current theoretical methods for ab initio determination of intermolecular potentials, and concomitant electronically nonadiabatic processes raise the bar further. Here we report measurements of differential cross sections for state-to-state spin-orbit changing collisions of NO (v = 10, Ω″ = 1.5, and j″ = 1.5) with neon from 2.3 to 3.5 cm-1 collision energy using our recently developed near-copropagating beam technique. The experimental results are compared with those obtained from quantum scattering calculations on a high-level set of coupled cluster potential energy surfaces and are shown to be in good agreement. The theoretical results suggest that distinct backscattering in the 2.3 cm-1 case arises from overlapping resonances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chatura A Perera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Junxiang Zuo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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18
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Jambrina PG, Morita M, Croft JFE, Aoiz FJ, Balakrishnan N. Role of Low Energy Resonances in the Stereodynamics of Cold He + D 2 Collisions. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4064-4072. [PMID: 35499484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent experiments using the Stark-induced adiabatic Raman passage technique, Zhou et al. ( J. Chem. Phys. 2021, 154, 104309; Science 2021, 374, 960-964) measured the product's angular distribution for the collisions between He and aligned D2 molecules at cold collision energies. The signatures of the angular distributions were attributed to an [Formula: see text] = 2 resonance that governs scattering at low energies. A first-principles quantum mechanical treatment of this problem is presented here using a highly accurate interaction potential for the He-H2 system. Our results predict a very intense [Formula: see text] = 1 resonance at low energies, leading to angular distributions that differ from those measured in the experiment. A good agreement with the experiment is achieved only when the [Formula: see text] = 1 resonance is artificially removed, for example, by excluding the lowest energies present in the experimental velocity distribution. Our analysis revealed that neither the position nor the intensity of the [Formula: see text] = 1 resonance significantly changes when the interaction potential is modified within its predicted uncertainties. Energy-resolved measurements may help to resolve the discrepancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G Jambrina
- Departamento de Química Física, University of Salamanca, Salamanca 37008, Spain
| | - Masato Morita
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
| | - James F E Croft
- Department of Physics, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
- Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - F Javier Aoiz
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Naduvalath Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, United States
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19
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Chadwick H, Somers MF, Stewart AC, Alkoby Y, Carter TJD, Butkovicova D, Alexandrowicz G. Stopping molecular rotation using coherent ultra-low-energy magnetic manipulations. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2287. [PMID: 35484103 PMCID: PMC9050693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29830-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotational motion lies at the heart of intermolecular, molecule-surface chemistry and cold molecule science, motivating the development of methods to excite and de-excite rotations. Existing schemes involve perturbing the molecules with photons or electrons which supply or remove energy comparable to the rotational level spacing. Here, we study the possibility of de-exciting the molecular rotation of a D2 molecule, from J = 2 to the non-rotating J = 0 state, without using an energy-matched perturbation. We show that passing the beam through a 1 m long magnetic field, which splits the rotational projection states by only 10−12 eV, can change the probability that a molecule-surface collision will stop a molecule from rotating and lose rotational energy which is 9 orders larger than that of the magnetic manipulation. Calculations confirm that different rotational orientations have different de-excitation probabilities but underestimate rotational flips (∆mJ\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\ne$$\end{document}≠0), highlighting the importance of the results as a sensitive benchmark for further developing theoretical models of molecule-surface interactions. Manipulating the rotational motions of molecules may provide a tool for controlling chemical processes. Here the authors demonstrate that the rotation of a D2 molecule can be stopped, upon collision with a metal surface, by a magnetic field that affects the rotational levels to a much smaller extent than the energy difference upon de-excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Chadwick
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Mark F Somers
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aisling C Stewart
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Yosef Alkoby
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Thomas J D Carter
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Dagmar Butkovicova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Gil Alexandrowicz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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20
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Fermi-phase-induced interference in the reaction between Cl and vibrationally excited CH 3D. Nat Chem 2022; 14:545-549. [PMID: 35361912 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mode selectivity is a well-established concept in chemical dynamics. A polyatomic molecule possesses multiple vibrational modes and the mechanical couplings between them can result in complicated anharmonic motions that defy a simple oscillatory description. A prototypical example of this is Fermi-coupled vibration, in which an energy-split eigenstate executes coherent nuclear motion that is comprised of the constituent normal modes with distinctive phases. Will this vibrational phase affect chemical reactivity? How can this phase effect be disentangled from more classical amplitude effects? Here, to address these questions, we study the reaction of Cl with a pair of Fermi states of CH3D(v1-I and v1-II). We find that the reactivity ratio of (v1-I)/(v1-II) in forming the CH2D(v = 0) + HCl(v) products deviates significantly from that permitted by the conventional reactivity-borrowing framework. Based on a proposed metric, this discrepancy can only be explained when the scattering interferences mediated by the CH3D vibrational phases are explicitly considered, which expands the concept of vibrational control of chemical reactivity into the quantum regime.
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21
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Yang D, Xie D, Guo H. Stereodynamical Control of Cold Collisions of Polyatomic Molecules with Atoms. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1777-1784. [PMID: 35167302 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Scattering between atomic and/or molecular species can be controlled by manipulating the orientation or alignment of the collision partners. Such stereodynamics is particularly pronounced at cold (∼1 K) collision temperatures because of the presence of resonances. Comparing to the extensively studied atomic and diatomic species, polyatomic molecules with strong steric anisotropy could provide a more sophisticated platform for studying such stereodynamics. Here, we provide the quantum mechanical framework for understanding state-to-state stereodynamics in rotationally inelastic scattering of polyatomic molecules with atoms and apply it to cold collision of oriented H2O with He on a highly accurate potential energy surface. It is shown that strong stereodynamical control can be achieved near 1 K via shape resonances. Furthermore, quantum interference in scattering of a coherently prepared initial state of the H2O species is explored, which is shown to be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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22
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da Silva H, Kendrick BK, Balakrishnan N. On the use of stereodynamical effects to control cold chemical reactions: The H + D2 ⟷ D + HD case study. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:044305. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. da Silva
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
| | - B. K. Kendrick
- Theoretical Division (T-1, MS B221), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N. Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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23
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.,Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Center for Advanced Light Source, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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